Instant Notes in Organic Chemistry

by Patrick, Graham L.

• ISBN13: 9780387916033
• ISBN10: 0387916032
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-05-01
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

Comprehensive coverage of organic chemistry. Covers important areas in organic chemistry. Includes information on: structure and bonding, alkanes and cycloalkanes, functional groups, stereochemistry, and more. Softcover.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Structure and bonding	1	(18)
Atomic structure of carbon	1	(2)
Covalent bonding and hybridization	3	(2)
sp3 Hybridization	5	(3)
sp2 Hybridization	8	(6)
sp Hybridization	14	(3)
Bonds and hybridized centers	17	(2)
Alkanes and cycloalkanes	19	(8)
Definition	19	(1)
Drawing structures	20	(2)
Nomenclature	22	(5)
Functional groups	27	(18)
Recognition of functional groups	27	(2)
Aliphatic and aromatic functional groups	29	(1)
Intermolecular bonding	30	(3)
Properties and reactions	33	(2)
Nomenclature of functional groups	35	(8)
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary nomenclature	43	(2)
Stereochemistry	45	(18)
Constitutional isomers	45	(1)
Configurational isomers-alkenes and cycloalkanes	46	(3)
Configurational isomers-optical isomers	49	(7)
Conformational isomers	56	(7)
Nucleophiles and electrophiles	63	(10)
Definition	63	(1)
Charged species	64	(2)
Neutral inorganic species	66	(3)
Organic structures	69	(4)
Reactions and mechanisms	73	(6)
Reactions	73	(2)
Mechanisms	75	(4)
Acid-base reactions	79	(20)
Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases	79	(3)
Acid strength	82	(6)
Base strength	88	(6)
Lewis acids and bases	94	(1)
Enolates	95	(4)
Alkenes and alkynes	99	(36)
Preparation of alkenes and alkynes	99	(2)
Properties of alkenes and alkynes	101	(3)
Electrophilic addition to symmetrical alkenes	104	(7)
Electrophilic addition to unsymmetrical alkenes	111	(3)
Carbocation stabilization	114	(2)
Reduction and oxidation of alkenes	116	(4)
Hydroboration of alkenes	120	(3)
Electrophilic additions to alkynes	123	(3)
Reduction of alkynes	126	(2)
Alkylation of terminal alkynes	128	(2)
Conjugated dienes	130	(5)
Aromatic chemistry	135	(32)
Aromaticity	135	(2)
Preparation and properties of aromatic compounds	137	(2)
Electrophilic substitutions of benzene	139	(8)
Synthesis of mono-substituted benzenes	147	(3)
Electrophilic substitutions of mono-substituted aromatic rings	150	(10)
Synthesis of di- and tri-substituted benzenes	160	(4)
Oxidation and reduction	164	(3)
Aldehydes and ketones	167	(38)
Preparation	167	(2)
Properties	169	(3)
Nucleophilic addition	172	(2)
Nucleophilic addition-charged nucleophiles	174	(6)
Electronic and steric effects	180	(3)
Nucleophilic addition-nitrogen nucleophiles	183	(3)
Nucleophilic addition-oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles	186	(4)
Reactions of enolate ions	190	(7)
α-Halogenation	197	(2)
Reduction and oxidation	199	(2)
α, β-Unsaturated aldehydes and ketones	201	(4)
Carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives	205	(32)
Structure and properties	205	(3)
Nucleophilic substitution	208	(4)
Reactivity	212	(4)
Preparations of carboxylic acids	216	(2)
Preparations of carboxylic acid derivatives	218	(5)
Reactions	223	(10)
Enolate reactions	233	(4)
Alkyl halides	237	(24)
Preparation and physical properties	237	(2)
Nucleophilic substitution	239	(5)
Factors affecting SN2 versus SN1 reactions	244	(5)
Elimination	249	(4)
Elimination versus substitution	253	(2)
Reactions of alkyl halides	255	(3)
Organometallic reactions	258	(3)
Alcohols, phenols, and thiols	261	(20)
Preparation of alcohols	261	(1)
Preparation of phenols	262	(2)
Properties of alcohols and phenols	264	(4)
Reactions of alcohols	268	(7)
Reactions of phenols	275	(4)
Chemistry of thiols	279	(2)
Ethers, epoxides, and thioethers	281	(10)
Preparation of ethers, epoxides, and thioethers	281	(3)
Properties of ethers, epoxides, and thioethers	284	(2)
Reactions of ethers, epoxides, and thioethers	286	(5)
Amines and nitriles	291	(18)
Preparation of amines	291	(4)
Properties of amines	295	(5)
Reactions of amines	300	(6)
Chemistry of nitriles	306	(3)
Further reading	309	(2)
Index	311