Instructional Methods For Secondary Students With Learning And Behavior Problems

by Schloss, Patrick J.; Schloss, Maureen A.; Schloss, Cynthia N.

• ISBN13: 9780205442362
• ISBN10: 0205442366
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-07-18
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This book presents teaching principles useful to general high school educators and special educators working with students demonstrating a variety of academic, behavioral, and social needs in secondary schools. Instructional Methods for Adolescents with Learning and Behavior Problemscontinues to fill a void in the textbook arena by presenting a comprehensive package of teaching techniques useful in helping secondary special educators develop and implement instruction that is appropriate for all students. The diversity of the needs of secondary students with disabilities and the challenge of providing appropriate educational services in general education settings places unique demands on students and their teachers, and this text provides much-needed information and support.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
PART ONE Educational Perspectives in Secondary Special Education
Foundations of Secondary Special Education	1	(20)
Legislative Foundations	4	(10)
No Child Left Behind	5	(2)
Special Education	7	(4)
Vocational Education	11	(2)
Implications of NCLB, and Special and Vocational Education Legislation	13	(1)
A Transition Perspective	14	(1)
Curricular Goals and Objectives	14	(1)
Transfer of Training	14	(1)
Articulation of Services	15	(1)
The Goals of Secondary Special Education	15	(2)
Factors Influencing the Development of Secondary Special Education Programs	17	(3)
Attitude toward Secondary Special Education	17	(1)
Structure of Regular Secondary Education	18	(1)
Curricular Emphasis	18	(1)
Teacher Preparation Programs	18	(1)
Insufficient Database	19	(1)
Lack of Appropriate Materials	19	(1)
Summary	20	(1)
Postsecondary Service Options	21	(18)
Postsecondary Educational Programs	24	(13)
Two-Year Colleges	24	(3)
Four-Year Colleges and Universities	27	(5)
Postsecondary Technical Programs	32	(1)
Business and Industry	33	(1)
Vocational Rehabilitation	34	(1)
Sheltered Rehabilitation Centers	35	(1)
Supported Employment Services	36	(1)
Postsecondary Service Selection	37	(1)
Summary	38	(1)
Challenges of Adolescence	39	(33)
Anjali Misra
Susan Mary Paige
Juvenile Delinquency	41	(4)
Incidence	41	(1)
Causes	41	(1)
Intervention Needs	42	(1)
Teacher Responsibilities	43	(2)
Dropouts	45	(3)
Incidence	45	(1)
Causes	45	(1)
Intervention Needs	46	(1)
Teacher Responsibilities	46	(2)
Substance Abuse	48	(3)
Incidence	48	(1)
Causes	48	(1)
Intervention Needs	49	(1)
Teacher Responsibilities	49	(2)
Depression	51	(5)
Incidence	51	(1)
Causes	52	(1)
Intervention Needs	53	(1)
Teacher Responsibilities	54	(2)
Suicide	56	(4)
Incidence	56	(1)
Causes	57	(1)
Intervention Needs	57	(1)
Teacher Responsibilities	58	(2)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	60	(5)
Incidence	60	(2)
Causes	62	(1)
Intervention Needs	62	(1)
Teacher Responsibilities	63	(2)
Teenage Pregnancy	65	(6)
Incidence	65	(1)
Causes	65	(3)
Intervention Needs	68	(1)
Teacher Responsibilities	69	(2)
Summary	71	(1)
PART TWO General Instructional Approaches
Instructional Methods for Secondary Learners with Disabilities	72	(32)
Learning Standards and the General Education Curriculum	75	(1)
Direct Instruction	76	(3)
Direct-Instruction Curriculum Design	77	(2)
The Sequence of Direct-Instruction Activities	79	(14)
Identify Learner Characteristics	79	(2)
Establish Goals	81	(1)
Identify Objectives	82	(1)
Design Instruction	82	(10)
Implement Instruction	92	(1)
Evaluate Mastery of the Objectives	93	(1)
Determine Whether the Goals Have Been Achieved	93	(1)
Learning Strategies	93	(4)
Characteristics of a Learning Strategy	95	(1)
Teaching a Learning Strategy	96	(1)
Constructivism	97	(3)
Grading	100	(3)
Summary	103	(1)
Assessment for Placement and Instruction	104	(28)
Norm-Referenced Testing	106	(6)
Characteristics	106	(1)
Placement and Summative Evaluations	107	(1)
Statewide Assessment and Alternative/Accommodative Strategies	108	(4)
Curriculum-Based Measurement	112	(2)
Formative Evaluation	112	(1)
Diagnostic Evaluation	113	(1)
Selection of Curriculum-Based Instruments	114	(1)
Developing Paper-and-Pencil Tests	114	(5)
Step 1: Develop the Performance Objective	115	(1)
Step 2: Enumerate Subskills	116	(1)
Step 3: Describe the Question-and-Answer Format	116	(1)
Step 4: Prepare Instructions for the Test	117	(1)
Step 5: Prepare Test Items	117	(1)
Step 6: Establish Scoring Procedures	118	(1)
Observation Procedures	119	(7)
Selection of Monitoring Procedures	119	(1)
Observation Methods	120	(5)
Interobserver Agreement	125	(1)
Graphing Observational Data	126	(1)
Interpreting Graphs	126	(2)
Mean	127	(1)
Level	127	(1)
Trend	128	(1)
Latency	128	(1)
Portfolio-Based Assessment	128	(2)
Portfolio Content	129	(1)
Evaluation of Entries	129	(1)
Summary	130	(2)
Managing the Learning Environment	132	(44)
Antecedent Control	134	(18)
Physical Arrangement	135	(1)
Rules	136	(1)
Routine Classroom Procedures	137	(1)
Student Schedules	138	(3)
Time Management	141	(3)
Systematic Instruction	144	(1)
Functional, Age-Appropriate Activities and Materials	144	(5)
Rate of Success	149	(1)
Teacher-Student Interactions	150	(1)
Interaction with Nondisabled Peers	151	(1)
Modeling	151	(1)
Review of the Educational Program	152	(1)
Related Personal Characteristics	152	(3)
Academic Skills	153	(1)
Social Skills	153	(1)
Emotional Learning	154	(1)
Consequence Control	155	(9)
Positive Reinforcers	156	(1)
Extinction	157	(1)
Punishment	158	(4)
Group Contingencies	162	(2)
Self-Management	164	(2)
Schoolwide Systems	166	(6)
Detention	166	(2)
In-School Suspension	168	(2)
Out-of-School Suspension and Expulsion	170	(2)
Functional Behavior Assessment	172	(3)
Summary	175	(1)
Collaboration and the Role of the Consultant Teacher	176	(18)
Maureen A. Schloss
Raquel J. Schmidt
The Consultant Teacher	178	(10)
Principles of Successful Collaboration	179	(2)
Advantages of Consulting	181	(1)
Developing a Consultant Teacher Program	182	(1)
Characteristics of the Consultant Teacher	182	(1)
Gaining Acceptance	183	(1)
Responsibilities of Consultants	184	(3)
Barriers to Successful Collaboration	187	(1)
Resource Rooms	188	(5)
Defining the Resource Room	189	(1)
Advantages of Resource Room Placement	189	(1)
Staffing the Resource Room	190	(1)
Responsibilities of Teachers in Resource Rooms	191	(2)
Summary	193	(1)
PART THREE Instruction in Basic and Functional Skills
Listening and Speaking	194	(19)
Daniel C. Tullos
Listening	195	(1)
Speech	196	(1)
Language	196	(4)
Phonology/Articulation	197	(1)
Morphology	197	(1)
Semantics	198	(1)
Syntax	199	(1)
Pragmatics	200	(1)
Assessment of Listening Skills	200	(2)
Assessment of Speaking Skills	202	(3)
Form	203	(1)
Content/Semantics	204	(1)
Use/Pragmatics	205	(1)
Strategies to Improve Listening Skills	205	(3)
Following Directions	206	(1)
Remembering What Is Heard	206	(1)
Taking Notes	206	(1)
Organizing Material	207	(1)
Effective Questioning	207	(1)
Strategies to Improve Spoken-Language Skills	208	(4)
Phonology/Articulation	208	(1)
Morphology and Semantics	209	(1)
Syntax	210	(1)
Pragmatics	211	(1)
Bidialectalism	211	(1)
Bilingualism	212	(1)
Summary	212	(1)
Written Language	213	(20)
Stephen Isaacson
A Writing Curriculum for Students with Learning Problems	215	(8)
Assessing the Process	216	(1)
Teaching the Process	216	(6)
Using Word Processors to Write	222	(1)
Writing as a Successful Product	223	(6)
Fluency	223	(1)
Content	224	(2)
Conventions	226	(1)
Syntax	226	(2)
Vocabulary	228	(1)
Writing for Different Purposes	229	(2)
Answering Chapter Questions	229	(1)
Writing Reports	229	(1)
Writing for Future Vocations	230	(1)
Summary	231	(2)
Reading Instruction	233	(24)
Debi Gartland
Reading Abilities of Adolescents with Disabilities	235	(1)
Assessing Reading Ability	236	(4)
Formal Reading Assessment	236	(1)
Informal Reading Assessment	237	(1)
The Informal Reading Inventory	237	(2)
Oral Reading Error Analysis	239	(1)
The Cloze Procedure	239	(1)
General Principles of Reading Instruction	240	(1)
Classroom-Based Reading Instruction	241	(11)
Vocabulary Instruction	241	(3)
Fluency Instruction	244	(1)
Comprehension Instruction	245	(4)
Study Skills Instruction	249	(1)
Textbook Instruction	249	(3)
Reading Instruction in Simulation and Community Settings	252	(3)
Summary	255	(2)
Mathematics Instruction	257	(20)
David Majsterek
Rich Wilson
Eric D. Jones
Principles of Effective Secondary Math Instruction	258	(3)
Process of Effective Transition-Oriented Math Instruction	261	(15)
Step 1: Assessing Instructional Demands	261	(3)
Step 2: Planning Specific Instruction	264	(8)
Step 3: Implementing Math Instruction	272	(4)
Step 4: Measuring Program Success	276	(1)
Summary	276	(1)
Vocational Instruction	277	(17)
Transition	279	(1)
Self-Determination	280	(1)
Assessing Interests and Skills	281	(2)
Vocational Aptitude Tests	281	(1)
Curriculum-Based Vocational Assessment	282	(1)
Person-Centered Planning	282	(1)
Career Awareness Process	283	(2)
Vocational Objectives	285	(1)
Functional Curriculum	285	(7)
Basic Skills	289	(1)
Specific Goal Selection	290	(2)
General Principles of Vocational Instruction	292	(1)
Summary	293	(1)
Leisure Education for Positive Leisure Life-Styles	294	(23)
Phyllis Jones
Diane Lea Ryndak
Barbara P. Sirvis
Debbie S. Alcouloumre
Concepts of Leisure and Leisure Education	298	(3)
Leisure Opportunities	301	(2)
Mechanisms for Developing Leisure Opportunities	303	(1)
Identifying Appropriate Leisure Options	304	(10)
Inventories	304	(4)
Prioritizing Leisure Options from Inventories	308	(6)
Cross-Curriculum Instructional Content Addressed through Leisure Education	314	(2)
Summary	316	(1)
Social Skill Instruction	317	(20)
Definition of Social Skills	319	(2)
Establishing Objectives	321	(1)
Social Validation of Goals and Objectives	322	(2)
Assessing Social Competence	324	(5)
Self-Reports	325	(1)
Self-Monitoring	326	(1)
Reports and Ratings by Others	327	(1)
Direct Observation	328	(1)
Commercial Instruments	328	(1)
General Principles of Social Skill Instruction	329	(7)
Social Reinforcement	330	(1)
Modeling	330	(1)
Behavior Rehearsal	331	(1)
Feedback	331	(2)
Homework	333	(1)
Promoting Generalization and Maintenance	333	(2)
Additional Instructional Considerations	335	(1)
Summary	336	(1)
Teaching in the Content Areas	337	(21)
Science Education	339	(6)
The Science Standards	340	(1)
Approaches to Teaching Science	340	(5)
Social Studies Education	345	(2)
Social Studies Goals and Curricula	345	(1)
Approaches to Teaching Social Studies	346	(1)
Content Enhancements	347	(10)
Advanced Organizers	348	(1)
Graphic Organizers	348	(2)
Study Guides	350	(1)
Mnemonic Devices	350	(3)
Guided Notes	353	(2)
Audio Recordings	355	(1)
Peer-Mediated Strategies	355	(2)
Summary	357	(1)
References	358	(44)
Author Index	402	(9)
Subject Index	411