Instrument Engineers' Handbook, Fourth Edition, Volume Two: Process Control and Optimization

by Liptßk; BTla G

• ISBN13: 9780849310812
• ISBN10: 0849310814
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-09-29
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

The latest update to Bela Liptak's acclaimed "bible" of instrument engineering is now available. Retaining the format that made the previous editions bestsellers in their own right, the fourth edition of Process Control and Optimization continues the tradition of providing quick and easy access to highly practical information. The authors are practicing engineers, not theoretical people from academia, and their from-the-trenches advice has been repeatedly tested in real-life applications. Expanded coverage includes descriptions of overseas manufacturer's products and concepts, model-based optimization in control theory, new major inventions and innovations in control valves, and a full chapter devoted to safety. With more than 2000 graphs, figures, and tables, this all-inclusive encyclopedic volume replaces an entire library with one authoritative reference. The fourth edition brings the content of the previous editions completely up to date, incorporates the developments of the last decade, and broadens thehorizons of the work from an American to a global perspective.

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi
Introduction	xix
Definitions	xxix
Societies and Organizations	li
Abbreviations, Nomenclature, Acronyms, and Symbols	liii
General	1	(88)
Analog vs. Digital Instruments	3	(12)
Computer Configurations of Supervisory Units	15	(11)
Computers --- Simulation by Analog and Hybrid Systems	26	(15)
Electronic vs. Pneumatic Instruments	41	(5)
Human Engineering	46	(13)
Process Alarm Management	59	(5)
Speech Synthesis and Voice Recognition	64	(7)
Wiring Practices and Signal Conditioning	71	(18)
Control Theory	89	(368)
Control Basics	96	(18)
Control Modes --- PID Controllers	114	(10)
Control Modes --- PID Variations	124	(6)
Control Modes --- Digital PID Controllers	130	(5)
Control Modes --- Closed-Loop Response	135	(13)
Control Systems --- Cascade Loops	148	(9)
Empirical Process Optimization	157	(5)
Expert Systems	162	(11)
Feedback and Feedforward Control	173	(8)
Genetic and Other Evolutionary Algorithms	181	(12)
Hierarchical Control	193	(12)
Interaction and Decoupling	205	(4)
Model-Based Control	209	(5)
Model-Based Predictive Control Patents	214	(10)
Model-Free Adaptive (MFA) Control	224	(10)
Modeling and Simulation of Processes	234	(8)
Model Predictive Control and Optimization	242	(11)
Neural Networks for Process Modeling	253	(12)
Nonlinear and Adaptive Control	265	(9)
Optimizing Control	274	(10)
PID Algorithms and Programming	284	(12)
Process Gains, Time Lags, Reaction Curves	296	(9)
Ratio Control	305	(6)
Real-Time Performance Assessment	311	(7)
Relative Gain Calculations	318	(5)
Robustness: A Guide for Sensitivity and Stability	323	(3)
Sampled Data Control Systems	326	(10)
Selective, Override, and Limit Controls	336	(9)
Self-Tuning Controllers	345	(6)
Sliding Mode Control in Process Industry	351	(9)
Software for Fuzzy Logic Control	360	(15)
Stability Analysis, Transfer Functions	375	(18)
State Space Control	393	(12)
Statistical Process Control	405	(9)
Tuning PID Controllers	414	(18)
Tuning Level Control Loops	432	(10)
Tuning Interacting Loops, Synchronizing Loops	442	(4)
Tuning by Computer	446	(11)
Transmitters and Local Controllers	457	(118)
Controllers --- Pneumatic	460	(18)
Controllers --- Electronic	478	(10)
Converters and Dampeners	488	(5)
Relays for Computing and Programmers	493	(14)
Telemetering Systems	507	(13)
Transmitters --- Electronic	520	(15)
Transmitters --- Fiber-Optic Transmission	535	(12)
Transmitters --- Pneumatic	547	(12)
Transmitters: Self-Checking and Self-Validating	559	(8)
Transmitters: Smart, Multivariable, and Fieldbus	567	(8)
Control Room Equipment	575	(302)
Annunciators and Alarms	580	(18)
Control Centers and Panels --- Traditional	598	(20)
Control Center Upgrading	618	(15)
Controllers --- Electronic Analog and Digital	633	(17)
CRT Displays	650	(13)
DCS: Basic Trends and Advances	663	(14)
DCS: Control and Simulation Advances	677	(10)
DCS: Installation and Commissioning	687	(6)
DCS: Integration with Buses and Networks	693	(7)
DCS: Integration with Other Systems	700	(6)
DCS: Management of Abnormal Situations	706	(14)
DCS: Modern Control Graphics	720	(7)
DCS: Operator's Graphics	727	(12)
DCS: System Architecture	739	(18)
Digital Readouts and Graphic Displays	757	(13)
Fieldbuses and Network Protocols	770	(20)
Human-Machine Interface Evolution	790	(15)
Indicators, Analog Displays	805	(7)
Lights	812	(6)
Recorders, Oscillographs, Loggers, Tape Recorders	818	(11)
Switches, Pushbuttons, Keyboards	829	(16)
Touch Screen Displays	845	(9)
Uninterruptible Power and Voltage Supplies (UPS and UVS)	854	(14)
Workstation Designs	868	(9)
PLCs and Other Logic Devices	877	(168)
Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations	880	(13)
Ladder Diagrams	893	(5)
Optimization of Logic Circuits	898	(8)
PLCs: Programmable Logic Controllers	906	(38)
PLC Programming	944	(22)
PLC Software Advances	966	(10)
Practical Logic Design	976	(17)
Programmable Safety Systems	993	(13)
Relays	1006	(9)
Solid-State Logic Elements	1015	(8)
System Integration: Computers with PLCs	1023	(7)
Time Delay Relays	1030	(6)
Timers and Programming Timers	1036	(9)
Control Valve Selection and Sizing	1045	(314)
Application and Selection of Control Valves	1050	(37)
Accessories and Positioners	1087	(18)
Actuators: Digital, Electric, Hydraulic, Solenoid	1105	(19)
Actuators: Pneumatic	1124	(20)
Advanced Stem Packing Designs	1144	(6)
Capacity Testing	1150	(4)
Characteristics and Rangeability	1154	(7)
Diagnostics and Predictive Valve Maintenance	1161	(4)
Dynamic Performance of Control Valves	1165	(7)
Emergency Partial-Stroke Testing of Block Valves	1172	(10)
Fieldbus and Smart Valves	1182	(11)
Intelligent Valves, Positioners, Accessories	1193	(6)
Miscellaneous Valve and Trim Designs	1199	(14)
Valves: Noise Calculation, Prediction, and Reduction	1213	(21)
Sizing	1234	(28)
Valve Types: Ball Valves	1262	(11)
Valve Types: Butterfly Valves	1273	(11)
Valve Types: Digital Valves	1284	(6)
Valve Types: Globe Valves	1290	(33)
Valve Types: Pinch Valves	1323	(18)
Valve Types: Plug Valves	1341	(7)
Valve Types: Saunders Diaphragm Valves	1348	(5)
Valve Types: Sliding Gate Valves	1353	(6)
Regulators and Final Control Elements	1359	(114)
Dampers and Louvers	1362	(6)
Electric Energy Modulation	1368	(7)
Linear and Angular Positioning of Machinery	1375	(7)
Pumps as Control Elements	1382	(15)
Regulators --- Flow	1397	(8)
Regulators --- Level	1405	(7)
Regulators --- Pressure	1412	(14)
Regulators --- Temperature	1426	(14)
Thermostats and Humidistats	1440	(14)
Variable-Speed Drives	1454	(19)
Control and Optimization of Unit Operations	1473	(736)
Aeration and DO Controls	1484	(23)
Airhandler and Building Conditioning Controls	1507	(21)
Batch Control Description, Terminology, and Standard S88	1528	(16)
Batch Processes and their Automation	1544	(14)
Blending and Ratio Controls	1558	(14)
Boiler Control and Optimization	1572	(60)
Centrifuge Controls	1632	(8)
Chemical Reactors: Batch Sequencing	1640	(24)
Chemical Reactors: Basic Control Strategies	1664	(33)
Chemical Reactors: Control and Optimization	1697	(14)
Chemical Reactors: Simulation and Modeling	1711	(9)
Chiller Control	1720	(9)
Chiller Optimization	1729	(24)
Clean-Room Controls and Optimization	1753	(10)
Compressor Control and Optimization	1763	(31)
Cooling Tower Control	1794	(11)
Cooling Tower Optimization	1805	(6)
Crystallizer Controls	1811	(9)
Distillation: Basic Controls	1820	(35)
Distillation: Calculations of Relative Gains	1855	(11)
Distillation: Optimization and Advanced Controls	1866	(38)
Dryer Controls	1904	(10)
Evaporator Controls	1914	(18)
Extruder Controls	1932	(14)
Fan Controls	1946	(6)
Fuel Cell Controls	1952	(14)
Furnace and Reformer Controls	1966	(27)
Header-Supplied Distribution Control	1993	(11)
Heat Exchanger Control and Optimization	2004	(21)
Inert Gas Blanketing Controls	2025	(7)
ORP Controls	2032	(12)
pH Control	2044	(13)
Power Plant Controls: Cogeneration and Combined Cycle	2057	(27)
Pump Controls	2084	(26)
Pump Optimization	2110	(6)
Rolling Mill Controls	2116	(7)
Separation Controls, Air	2123	(14)
Steam Turbine Controls	2137	(15)
Wastewater Treatment Controls	2152	(20)
Water Supply Plant Controls	2172	(22)
Well-Supplied Underground Gas Storage Controls	2194	(15)
Appendix	2209
International System of Units	2210
Engineering Conversion Factors	2220
Chemical Resistance of Materials (Table A.3)	2242
Composition of Metallic and Other Materials (Table A.4)	2251
Steam and Water Tables	2254
Friction Loss in Pipes	2262
Tank Volumes	2266
Partial List of Suppliers	2269
Directory of ``Lost'' Companies (Revised 6/2004)	2295
ISA Standards	2302