Integrated Pharmacology

by Page, Clive; Curtis, Michael; Sutter, Morley; Walker, Michael; Hoffman, Brian

• ISBN13: 9780723432210
• ISBN10: 072343221X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-04-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

INTEGRATED PHARMACOLOGY, 2ND EDITION takes a unique approach to pharmacology, considering drugs in the context of the diseases they are used to treat -- all within a body system framework. Drug action is clearly explained at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels. The basic principles underlying pharmacology are presented, providing a strong foundation for the system-based chapters that follow. Each body system chapter addresses the common diseases affecting a system before comprehensively discussing the drug classes and specific drugs used to treat the diseases. A superb, full-color illustration program helps the reader understand the complex ways in which modern drugs are used to treat diseases. The smart way to study! Elsevier titles with STUDENT CONSULT will help you master difficult concepts and study more efficiently in print and online! Perform rapid searches. Integrate bonus content from other disciplines. Download text to your handheld device. And a lot more. Each STUDENT CONSULT title comes with full text online, a unique image library, case studies, USMLE style questions, and online note-taking to enhance your learning experience. Your purchase of this book entitles you to access www.studentconsult.com at no extra charge. This innovative web site offers you... Access to the complete text and illustrations of this book. Integration links to bonus content in other STUDENT CONSULT titles. Content clipping for your handheld. An interactive community center with a wealth of additional resources. The more STUDENT CONSULT titles you buy, the more resources you can access online! Look for the STUDENT CONSULT logo on your favorite Elsevier textbooks!

Table of Contents

Contributors	xiii
SECTION 1 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Introduction	3	(8)
Mc Sutter
MJA Walker
What is pharmacology?	3	(3)
History of pharmacology	6	(5)
Drug Names and Drug Classification Systems	11	(6)
MJA Walker
Introduction	11	(1)
What is a drug?	11	(1)
Drug names	12	(1)
Drug classification systems	13	(4)
General Principles of Drug Action	17	(22)
MJA Walker
MJ Curtis
CP Page
MC Sutter
BB Hoffman
What does a drug do and how does it do it?	17	(1)
Molecular actions of drugs	18	(11)
Cellular actions of drugs (transduction)	29	(6)
Tissue and system actions of drugs	35	(1)
The future of pharmacology	36	(3)
Pharmacokinetic and Other Factors Influencing Drug Action	39	(18)
DS Sitar
Drug delivery	39	(2)
Factors influencing drug absorption and distribution	41	(3)
Drug metabolism	44	(5)
Drug excretion	49	(1)
Pharmacokinetics	50	(3)
Age, sex, and origin	53	(1)
Drug interactions	54	(1)
Effect of disease on drug action	54	(3)
Pharmacodynamics and the Measurement of Drug Action	57	(16)
R Tabrizchi
DMJ Quastel
The receptor	57	(6)
Dose-response curves	63	(5)
Measuring responses and practical applications of dose-response curves	68	(5)
Drug Safety and Pharmacovigilance	73	(10)
R Ferner
RD Mann
Pharmacotherapeutic decision-making	73	(1)
Controlling drug safety	74	(1)
Detection adverse drug reactions	75	(8)
Regulation of Drug Use	83	(8)
RD Mamelok
Stages in drug development	83	(2)
Drug regulations for new drugs	85	(2)
Drug regulations relating the access to drugs	87	(4)
SECTION 2 DRUG ACTION ON PATHOGENS AND NEOPLASTIC CELLS
Drugs and Viruses	91	(20)
FY Aoki
S Rosser
Biology and drug responsiveness of viruses	91	(1)
Classification of antiviral drugs and their sites of action in viral replication	91	(1)
Inhibitors of uncoating	91	(3)
Inhibitors of transcription	94	(1)
Inhibition of translation	95	(1)
Inhibition of RNA or DNA genomic replication	95	(8)
Inhibitors of virus release	103	(1)
Inhibitors of HIV replication	103	(1)
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors	104	(1)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors	105	(1)
Protease inhibitors	106	(2)
Cytochrome P-450 interactions	108	(3)
Drugs and Bacteria	111	(26)
SD Shafran
Mechanism of action	111	(6)
Selecting antibiotic therapy	117	(1)
Major antibiotics	118	(1)
Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial wall synthesis	118	(6)
Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell membrane functioning	124	(1)
Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis	124	(5)
Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis	129	(2)
Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial ribonucleic acid synthesis	131	(1)
Antifolates	131	(1)
Miscellaneous antibacterial drugs	132	(1)
Antimycobacterial drugs	133	(1)
Antibiotics of choice	134	(3)
Drugs and Fungi	137	(8)
N Roberts
Biology of fungi	137	(1)
Management of fungal infections	137	(1)
General measures for infected patients	137	(1)
Specific antifungal treatment	138	(5)
Neutropenia and suspected fungal infection	143	(1)
Nonspecific treatment of fungal infections	143	(2)
Drugs and Parasites	145	(18)
A Kaneko
T Nishiyama
Protozoan diseases	145	(1)
Malaria	145	(2)
Antimalarial drugs	147	(5)
African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)	152	(1)
American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)	153	(1)
Leishmaniasis	153	(1)
Other protozoan diseases	153	(2)
Helminthic diseases	155	(1)
Nematode (roundworm) infections	155	(3)
Trematode infections	158	(1)
Cestode infections	159	(4)
Drugs and Neoplasms	163	(28)
JP Eder
Tumorigenesis	163	(2)
Principles of cell proliferation and chemotherapy	165	(3)
Principles of combination chemotherapy	168	(1)
Late complications of cancer chemotherapy	168	(1)
Gonadal dysfunction	168	(1)
Carcinogenesis	168	(1)
Resistance to chemotherapy	169	(1)
Antineoplastic drugs	170	(1)
Drugs directly interfering with DNA	170	(1)
Alkylating agents	170	(2)
Nitrosoureas	172	(1)
Miscellaneous alkylating agents	173	(1)
Platinum compounds	173	(1)
Agents indirectly damaging DNA	174	(1)
Anthracyclines	174	(1)
Topoisomerase-active drugs	175	(1)
Miscellaneous	176	(1)
Antimetabolites	177	(1)
Pyrimidine analogs	178	(3)
Purine antimetabolites	181	(1)
Tubulin-binding agents	182	(1)
Hormones	183	(2)
Glucocorticoids	185	(1)
Miscellaneous agents	185	(1)
Radiopharmaceuticals	186	(5)
SECTION 3 DRUG ACTION ON BODY SYSTEM TARGETS
Drugs and the Blood	191	(28)
Z Hu
Physiology of the hemopoietic system	191	(1)
Drugs used for diseases of the blood	192	(1)
Anemia and agents used to treat anemia	192	(1)
Iron and iron-deficiency anemia	193	(1)
Deferoxamine and iron overload	194	(1)
Vitamin B12, folate, and other macrocytic anemias	195	(4)
Hematopoietic growth factors	199	(2)
Hemostatis disorders and antithrombotic therapy	201	(1)
Hemostasis	201	(3)
Thrombosis	204	(9)
Bleeding disorders	213	(6)
Drugs and the Nervous System	219	(62)
R Kerwin
MJ Travis
CP Page
BB Hoffman
MJA Walker
OR Simons
PK Moore
Physiology of the central and peripheral nervous systems	219	(3)
Functional anatomy of the peripheral nervous system	222	(6)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the peripheral nervous system	228	(1)
Skeletal muscle disorders	228	(1)
Anticholinesterase drugs	229	(3)
Spasticity	232	(1)
Movement disorders resulting from defects in muscle excitability	233	(1)
Dysautonomias	234	(2)
Functional anatomy of the central nervous system	236	(3)
Functional neurochemistry of the nervous system	239	(3)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the central nervous system	242	(1)
Psychosis	242	(1)
Schizophrenia	242	(3)
Antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs	245	(2)
Affective disorders	247	(1)
Antidepressants	248	(7)
Mood stabilizers	254	(10)
Anxiolytics	255	(1)
Eating disorders	256	(1)
Epilepsy	257	(1)
Antiepileptic drugs	258	(1)
Sleep disorders	259	(1)
Hypnotics	260	(1)
Narcoleptic syndrome	260	(1)
CNS stimulants used to treat epilepsy	261	(1)
Sleep apnea	261	(1)
Periodic limb movement disorder	261	(1)
Circadian rhythm disorders	261	(1)
Dementia	261	(2)
Parkinson's disease	263	(2)
Drugs that increase dopaminergic activity	265	(2)
Drugs that inhibit striatal cholinergic activity	267	(1)
Huntington's disease	268	(1)
Migraine and headache	268	(1)
Stroke	268	(1)
Drugs and infections of the central nervous system	269	(3)
Pain	272	(3)
Testing analgesic drugs	275	(1)
Drug therapy of pain	275	(2)
Drugs of abuse	277	(4)
Drugs and the Endocrine and Metabolic Systems	281	(46)
JW Miller
General physiology of the endocrine and metabolic systems	281	(1)
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis	282	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the endocrine and metabolic systems	283	(1)
Pharmacologic principles	283	(1)
Diseases of the pituitary	284	(2)
Abnormalities of the growth hormoneinsulin-like growth factor axis	286	(2)
Thyroid diseases and disorders of metabolic rate	288	(4)
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism	292	(8)
Disorders of lipid metabolism	300	(4)
Disorders of glucocorticosteroids and the stress response hormones	304	(4)
Mineralocorticosteroids, vasopressin, and disorders of circulatory volume	308	(6)
Drugs and the endocrinology of the productive system	314	(1)
Physiology of the female reproductive tract	314	(2)
Diseases treated by estrogens and estrogen antagonists	316	(2)
Contraception and menstruation	318	(2)
Hormone replacement therapy	320	(1)
Disorders of sex steroids in premenopausal women	321	(1)
Androgen excess in women	322	(1)
Androgen excess and deficiency in men	323	(4)
Drugs and the Inflammatory and Immune Response	327	(16)
I Iwamoto
Physiology of the immune system and inflammatory response	327	(3)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the immune system	330	(1)
Hypersensitivity reactions and immunologic diseases	330	(1)
Drug therapy for allergic diseases	331	(5)
Mechanisms of actions of drugs used for autoimmune diseases	336	(7)
Drugs and the Renal System	343	(18)
CJ Bowmer
MS Yates
Physiology of the kidney	343	(2)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the renal system	345	(1)
Edema	345	(1)
Diuretics	346	(9)
Polyuria	355	(1)
Syndrome of inappropriate vasopressin secretion	356	(1)
Renal stones (nephrolithiasis)	356	(1)
Oliguria	357	(1)
Chronic renal failure	357	(1)
Drugs contraindicated in renal failure	357	(1)
Glomerulonephritis	358	(1)
Dialysis and drug therapy	358	(1)
Nephrotoxic drugs	359	(2)
Drugs and the Cardiovascular System	361	(54)
MJ Curtis
MK Pugsley
Physiology of the cardiovascular system	361	(1)
Vascular tree	361	(1)
Cardiac electrophysiology	362	(4)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the heart	366	(1)
Arrhythmias	366	(11)
Angina pectoris	377	(6)
Acute myocardial infarction	383	(3)
Congestive heart failure	386	(9)
Hypertension	395	(13)
Pathophysiology and diseases of blood vessels	408	(1)
Arterial disease	408	(2)
Venous disease	410	(1)
Infections of the cardiovascular system	410	(5)
Drugs and the Pulmonary System	415	(22)
CP Page
BB Hoffman
Physiology of the pulmonary system	415	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the pulmonary system	416	(1)
Bronchial asthma	417	(7)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	424	(1)
Adult respiratory distress syndrome	425	(1)
Cystic fibrosis	426	(1)
Nonspecific cough	427	(1)
Rhinitis and rhinorrhea	428	(2)
Respiratory infections	430	(1)
Antibiotics used for specific respiratory tract infections	430	(3)
Pulmonary embolism	433	(1)
Pulmonary hypertension	434	(1)
Drugs with adverse effects in patients with pulmonary disease	434	(3)
Drugs and the Musculoskeletal System	437	(18)
JP Wade
Physiology of the musculoskeletal system	437	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the musculoskeletal system	437	(1)
Osteoporosis	437	(1)
Osteomalacia and rickets	437	(1)
Paget's disease of bone	437	(2)
Osteoarthritis	439	(1)
Rheumatoid arthritis	439	(1)
Gout and other types of crystal arthritis	439	(1)
Systemic lupus erythematosus	440	(1)
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies	440	(1)
Drugs used to treat musculoskeletal diseases	441	(1)
Drugs for osteoporosis	441	(2)
Drugs for osteomalacia	443	(1)
Drugs for Paget's disease	443	(1)
Drugs for osteoarthritis	444	(1)
Drugs for rheumatoid arthritis	445	(5)
Drugs for crystal arthritis	450	(1)
Drugs for systemic lupus erythematosus	451	(1)
Drugs for seronegative arthritis	452	(1)
Musculoskeletal infections	453	(2)
Drugs and the Gastrointestinal System	455	(28)
K Hillier
RJ Naylor
Physiology of the gastrointestinal system	455	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the gastrointestinal system	456	(1)
Peptic ulcer disease	456	(4)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	460	(1)
Constipation	461	(2)
Diarrhea	463	(2)
Irritable bowel syndrome	465	(1)
Inflammatory bowel disease	466	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the liver	467	(1)
Jaundice	467	(1)
Congenital liver disease	467	(1)
Acquired liver disease	468	(1)
Drugs and the liver	468	(2)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the biliary tract	470	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the pancreas	470	(1)
Nausea and vomiting	470	(6)
Drugs used for the symptomatic relief of nausea and vomiting	476	(7)
Drugs and the Genitourinary System	483	(22)
M Wyllie
Physiology of the lower urinary tract	483	(1)
Pathophysiology and voiding disorders	484	(1)
Urinary incontinence	484	(3)
Drug treatment of incontinence and BPH	487	(6)
Prostate cancer	493	(2)
Erectile dysfunction	495	(2)
Pharmacotherapy	497	(4)
Urinary tract infections	501	(1)
Drugs and the uterus	501	(1)
Physiology	502	(1)
Drugs that increase uterine motility	502	(1)
Drugs that decrease uterine motility	503	(2)
Drugs and the Skin	505	(18)
N Roberts
Physiology of the skin	505	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the skin	505	(1)
Eczema and dermatitis	506	(2)
Acne	508	(4)
Psoriasis	512	(3)
Drugs acting on hair	515	(1)
Drugs that modify inflammatory responses in the skin	515	(1)
Glucocorticosteroids	515	(1)
Antimalarial drugs	516	(1)
Sulfa drugs	516	(1)
Other drugs modifying the immune response	516	(1)
Drugs that protect the skin from environmental damage	517	(1)
Sunscreens	517	(1)
Antiviral agents	518	(1)
Antibacterial agents	518	(1)
Antifungal agents	518	(1)
Antiseptic agents	518	(1)
Antiparasite preparations	519	(2)
Insect repellants	521	(1)
Barrier preparations	521	(1)
Bandages and dressings	521	(1)
Drugs acting on skin constituents	521	(1)
Drugs acting on keratinocytes	521	(1)
Drugs acting on glands	521	(1)
Drugs acting on nerves	522	(1)
Camouflage creams	522	(1)
Drugs and the Eye	523	(16)
J Robbins
Biology of the eye and principles of drug use for the eye	523	(1)
Structure and physiology of the eye	523	(5)
Diseases of the eye	528	(1)
Pathophysiology of diseases of the eye	528	(1)
Glaucoma	528	(1)
Tear deficiency	529	(1)
Inflammation and allergy	529	(1)
Squint and oculomotor disorders	529	(1)
Properties of drugs used in the eye	529	(1)
Drugs used in ophthalmic diagnosis	530	(1)
Treatment of glaucoma	531	(3)
Treatment of inflammation and allergy	534	(1)
Treatment of tear deficiency	535	(1)
Treatment of squint and oculomotor disorders	535	(1)
Drugs that have adverse effects on the eye	536	(2)
Eye infections	538	(1)
Drugs and the Ear	539	(8)
MC Sutter
T Bojanowski
Physiology of the ear	539	(1)
Pathophysiology and diseases of the ear	540	(1)
Infections	540	(1)
Hearing loss	540	(2)
Tinnitus	542	(1)
Vertigo	543	(1)
Meniere's disease and recurrent vestibulopathy	543	(1)
Facial nerve palsy	544	(1)
Ototoxic drugs	544	(3)
Drug Use in Anesthesia and Critical Care	547	(17)
CR Ries
DMJ Quastel
Pathophysiology of surgical injury and critical illness	547	(1)
The injury response to surgery	548	(1)
Premedication prior to anesthesia	548	(1)
Premedication and airway techniques to prevent pulmonary aspiration	549	(1)
Premedication to treat coexisting cardiorespiratory and endocrine disease	549	(2)
General anesthetics	551	(1)
Molecular mechanism of action of general anesthesia	551	(1)
Clinical induction and maintenance of general anesthesia	551	(1)
Inhaled anesthetics	552	(2)
Intravenous anesthetics	554	(1)
Neuromuscular blocking drugs and antagonists	554	(2)
Regional anesthesia	556	(1)
Local anesthetics	557	(1)
Conscious sedation	558	(1)
Intravenous benzodiazepines and antagonists	558	(1)
Postoperative pain management	558	(1)
Intramuscular versus intravenous opioid administration	558	(1)
Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia	559	(1)
Critical care	559	(1)
Oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation	559	(1)
Management of hemodynamic instability	559	(2)
Drug therapy in advanced life support	561	(3)
Drug Use in Disorders of Nutrition	564	(23)
S Abraham
Examples of excessive and inadequate calorie intake	564	(1)
Obesity	564	(4)
Anorexia nervosa	568	(1)
Vitamins	568	(1)
Classification	568	(1)
Vitamins as therapy	569	(1)
How vitamins work	569	(1)
Recommended dietary allowances and daily intake	570	(1)
Interaction of vitamins with drugs and foods	570	(1)
Vitamins as dietary supplements	570	(1)
Water-soluble vitamins	570	(1)
Vitamin B1 (thiamine)	570	(2)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)	572	(1)
Vitamin B3 (niacin, nicotinic acid)	572	(1)
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)	573	(1)
Vitamin B12	574	(1)
Folic acid	575	(1)
Pantothenic acid	576	(1)
Biotin	576	(1)
Vitamin C	577	(1)
Fat-soluble vitamins	578	(1)
Vitamin A	578	(3)
Vitamin D	581	(2)
Vitamin E	583	(1)
Vitamin K	583	(1)
Trace elements	584	(1)
Deficiencies of trace elements	584	(3)
Drug Use in Dentistry	587	(16)
TW Gage
Physiology of the oral cavity	587	(1)
The teeth and other oral tissues	587	(1)
Oral mucosa	588	(1)
Salivary glands	588	(1)
Diseases of the oral cavity	588	(1)
Dental plaque, caries, and gingivitis	588	(2)
Acute dental pain	590	(1)
Chronic orfacial pain	591	(1)
Anxiety	592	(1)
Acute odontogenic infections	592	(1)
Periodontal infections	593	(1)
Prophylactic use of anti-infective drugs in dentistry	594	(1)
Common diseases of the oral mucosa	595	(1)
Other mucosal lesions	596	(2)
Drug-induced oral disease	598	(5)
Toxins and poisons	603	(14)
MJA Walker
Venoms, toxins and poisons from natural sources	603	(1)
Venoms from animals	603	(2)
Toxins and poisons from animals	605	(1)
Poisons from plants	606	(1)
Industrial poisons	606	(1)
Metals	606	(3)
Chelators	609	(1)
Air pollutants	610	(1)
Industrial chemicals	611	(2)
Pesticides	613	(1)
Insecticides	613	(1)
General pesticides	614	(1)
Herbicides	615	(1)
Fungicides	615	(1)
Carcinogenesis and mutagenesis	615	(2)
Herbs	617	(28)
MC Sutter
Problems special to herbal medicines	617	(1)
Problems common to all herbs	618	(1)
Herbal medicines Commonly used by patients	619	(1)
summary	619	(6)
SECTION 4 SELF ASSESSMENT
Multiple choice questions	625	(10)
Case studies	635	(4)
Answer	639	(6)
MCQ answers	639	(1)
Case studies answers	640	(5)
Index	645	(24)
Drug index	669