Integrating Language Arts Through Literature and Thematic Units

by Roe, Betty D.; Ross, Elinor P.

• ISBN13: 9780205395101
• ISBN10: 0205395104
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-05-06
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Integrating the Language Arts Through Literature and Thematic Unitsis the first textbook to reflect language arts instruction today! Through proven methodology, well-known authors Betty Roe and Elinor Ross harnesses the changes that have occurred in language arts instruction by integrating literature into thematic units toreflectcurrent thinking in the field, by adapting instruction for ELL and special needs learners toreflectthe population of today's classrooms, by aligning with IRA/NCTE standards toreflectthe movement towards national assessment and teacher accountability, by emphasizing personalreflectionto encourage students to make thoughtful choices about effective teaching, and by providing a separate chapter on media literacy toreflectthe need for teachers to make instructionally sound choices about the use of media.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvi
Integrating the Language Arts: An Introduction	1	(27)
The Language Arts	8	(5)
Listening	9	(1)
Speaking	10	(1)
Reading	10	(1)
Writing	11	(1)
Viewing	12	(1)
Visually Representing	12	(1)
The Function of the Language Arts in Communication	13	(2)
Values of Communication	13	(1)
Failures to Communicate	14	(1)
Interrelationships among the Language Arts	15	(5)
Relationships among All Six Language Arts	16	(1)
Thinking	16	(1)
Construction of Meaning	17	(1)
Relationships among Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing	18	(1)
Vocabulary	18	(1)
Grammar and Usage	18	(1)
Relationships between Listening and Speaking	18	(1)
Relationships among Listening, Reading, and Viewing	19	(1)
Relationships among Speaking, Writing, and Visually Representing	20	(1)
Relationships between Reading and Writing	20	(1)
Integrating Language Instruction across the Curriculum	20	(3)
Literature as a Vehicle for Integration	21	(2)
Thematic Teaching as a Vehicle for Integration	23	(1)
Standards for the English Language Arts	23	(2)
Summary	25	(1)
References	26	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	27	(1)
Literature and Reader Response	28	(48)
Literature	32	(21)
Benefits of Literature	33	(1)
Literary Elements	34	(1)
Genres	35	(2)
Fiction	37	(3)
Traditional Literature	40	(1)
Poetry	40	(2)
Nonfiction	42	(3)
Multicultural Literature	45	(4)
Presenting Literature to Children	49	(1)
Selecting Literature for Students	50	(2)
Story Reading and Storytelling	52	(1)
Reader Response	53	(16)
Reader Response Theory	53	(2)
Ways to Respond to Literature	55	(1)
Listening Behavior	56	(1)
Oral Responses to Literature	56	(3)
Written Responses to Literature	59	(2)
Responding through Drama	61	(5)
Responding through Art	66	(1)
Mathematics as a Response	67	(1)
Musical Connections to Literature	67	(1)
Cooking as a Response	68	(1)
Summary	69	(2)
References	71	(2)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	73	(3)
Vocabulary	76	(42)
Concept Development and Word Meanings	81	(4)
Types of Vocabularies	85	(2)
Listening Vocabulary	85	(1)
Speaking Vocabulary	86	(1)
Reading Vocabulary	86	(1)
Writing Vocabulary	86	(1)
Vocabulary Building	87	(19)
Techniques for Teaching	87	(2)
Categorization	89	(1)
Semantic Feature Analysis	90	(1)
Making Analogies	91	(1)
Structural Analysis	91	(3)
Use of Context Clues	94	(3)
Use of the Dictionary and Thesaurus	97	(2)
Constructing Word Webs	99	(1)
Word-a-Day Campaigns	99	(1)
Building Word Banks	100	(1)
Use of Comic Strips and Cartoons	101	(1)
Dramatization	101	(1)
Storytelling and Story Reading	102	(1)
Computer Applications	102	(1)
Etymology Study	103	(1)
Word Play	103	(3)
Special Types of Vocabulary Terms	106	(8)
Synonyms	106	(1)
Antonyms	107	(1)
Homonyms	108	(1)
Multiple-Meaning Words	108	(2)
Figurative Expressions	110	(2)
Abbreviations	112	(1)
Acronyms	112	(1)
Words That Came from Other Languages	113	(1)
Summary	114	(1)
References	115	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	116	(2)
Early Experiences with Language	118	(46)
Language Development for Three-, Four-, and Five-Year-Olds	122	(3)
Vygotsky's Theories	122	(2)
Children's Increasing Awareness of Language	124	(1)
Reading Aloud to Children	125	(5)
Importance of Reading Aloud	125	(1)
Book Selection	126	(2)
Procedures for Reading Aloud	128	(2)
Family Literacy	130	(3)
Family Literacy in the Home	130	(2)
Parent Involvement in the Schools	132	(1)
Structured Family Literacy Programs	132	(1)
Preschool and Kindergarten Programs	133	(9)
Developmentally Appropriate Practice	135	(1)
Play	136	(2)
Classroom Environment	138	(1)
Classroom Arrangement and Management	138	(1)
Group Time	138	(2)
Print-Rich Environment	140	(2)
Emergent Literacy	142	(16)
Beginning Reading	142	(1)
Phonemic Awareness	142	(2)
Print Awareness	144	(1)
Learning to Read from Books	145	(2)
Beginning Writing	147	(1)
Similarities between Speech and Writing	147	(3)
Invented Spelling	150	(3)
Shared Writing	153	(5)
Summary	158	(2)
References	160	(2)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	162	(2)
Developing Listening Proficiency	164	(34)
The Listening Process	169	(1)
Importance of Listening	170	(1)
The Relationship of Listening to Viewing	171	(1)
Types of Listening	172	(7)
Listening for Information	172	(1)
Listening for Interpretation	173	(2)
Listening for Critical Analysis	175	(2)
Listening for Creative Applications	177	(1)
Listening for Enjoyment	177	(2)
Instruction in Listening	179	(15)
The Role of the Teacher	180	(1)
Modeling Good Listening Behaviors	180	(1)
Preparing Students to Listen	181	(1)
Providing Appropriate Listening Material	182	(2)
Considering the Students	184	(2)
Reinforcing Good Listening Practices	186	(1)
Providing Opportunities for Practice	186	(2)
The Classroom Environment	188	(1)
Materials for Teaching Listening	189	(1)
Strategies for Teaching Listening	189	(1)
Directed Listening-Thinking Activity	190	(1)
Structured Listening Activity	190	(1)
InQuest	190	(1)
Listening-Reading Transfer Strategy	190	(1)
Say Something	190	(2)
Reconstructing the Text	192	(1)
Listening Centers	192	(1)
Other Activities	192	(2)
Summary	194	(2)
References	196	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	197	(1)
Developing Speaking Proficiency	198	(36)
Characteristics of Speaking	204	(1)
Oral Language Functions	205	(2)
Speech Skills	207	(1)
Voice Control	207	(1)
Register	208	(1)
Instruction in Oral Language Expression	208	(4)
The Role of the Teacher	209	(2)
The Classroom Environment	211	(1)
Purposeful Oral Language Activities	212	(18)
Presenting Information	212	(1)
Show-and-Tell	212	(1)
Oral Reports and Demonstrations	213	(3)
Interviewing	216	(1)
Holding Conversations	217	(1)
Participating in Recitations and Discussions	218	(4)
Debates	222	(1)
Brainstorming	223	(1)
Story Reading and Storytelling	224	(2)
Choral Reading or Speaking	226	(1)
Creative Dramatics	226	(3)
Miniperformances	229	(1)
Summary	230	(2)
References	232	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	233	(1)
Developing Reading Proficiency	234	(54)
Effective Teaching of Reading	238	(3)
Word Identification	241	(7)
Sight Words	242	(1)
Phonics	242	(2)
Structural Analysis	244	(1)
Context	245	(1)
Dictionary	246	(1)
Teaching Word Identification	246	(2)
Comprehension	248	(16)
Schema Theory	248	(1)
Metacognition	249	(1)
Reader Strategies	250	(5)
Instructional Strategies	255	(1)
Reciprocal Teaching	255	(1)
Question-Answer Relationship (QAR)	255	(4)
Directed Reading-Thinking Activity (DR-TA)	259	(1)
Semantic Mapping	259	(1)
Fluency	260	(4)
Approaches and Materials	264	(18)
Language Experience Approach	264	(4)
Basal Reader Approach	268	(3)
Guided Reading	271	(2)
Literature-Based Approaches	273	(1)
Literature Circles	274	(3)
Literature-Based Thematic Units	277	(2)
Reading Workshop	279	(3)
Summary	282	(2)
References	284	(2)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	286	(2)
Developing Writing Proficiency	288	(50)
Focuses for Writing Instruction	295	(14)
Emphasis on Communication	295	(1)
Purposeful Assignments	296	(1)
Functional and Creative Writing	297	(1)
Stimuli for Writing	297	(1)
Relating Writing to Personal Experiences and Real Events	298	(1)
Encouraging Imagination	299	(1)
Providing Audiovisual Prompts	300	(1)
Relating Writing to Literature	301	(1)
Creating Needs to Share Information	302	(1)
Encouraging Communication with Friends	303	(1)
Encouraging Communication for Business Purposes	303	(1)
Showing Students How to Write to Learn in the Content Areas	303	(1)
Time for Writing	304	(1)
Encouragement of Risk-Taking in Writing	305	(1)
Successful Experiences	305	(1)
Exposure to Good Literature	306	(1)
Reading Like a Writer	306	(2)
Teacher Modeling	308	(1)
The Stages of the Writing Process	309	(21)
Stage One: Prewriting	309	(1)
Selecting and Delimiting a Topic	309	(1)
Rehearsing Ideas for Organization of Material	310	(4)
Considering the Audience for the Writing	314	(1)
Stage Two: Writing a Draft	315	(1)
Encouraging Student Conversations about Their Writing	316	(2)
Holding Brief Teacher Conferences during Drafting	318	(1)
Arranging for Peer Conferences	319	(2)
Stage Three: Revising	321	(1)
Stage Four: Editing	322	(1)
Using Computers to Ease Revision and Editing	323	(2)
Stage Five: Publishing and Sharing	325	(1)
Author's Chair	325	(1)
Webpage Publication	325	(5)
Importance of Voluntary Sharing	330	(1)
Organizing for Instruction	330	(2)
General Approaches to Writing Instruction	332	(2)
Sustained Spontaneous Writing	332	(1)
Use of Computers	332	(2)
Summary	334	(2)
References	336	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	336	(2)
Types of Writing	338	(34)
Writing Stories	343	(1)
Creating Photo Essays	344	(1)
Writing Poetry	344	(7)
Cinquain	348	(1)
Haiku	348	(1)
Free Verse	349	(1)
Couplets, Triplets, and Quatrains	349	(1)
Shaped Poems	350	(1)
Limericks	350	(1)
Keeping Diaries or Personal Journals	351	(2)
Communicating with Dialogue Journals	353	(1)
Labeling	354	(1)
Listing	354	(1)
Filling Out Forms	355	(1)
Keeping Records and Logs	355	(1)
Writing Letters	356	(5)
Friendly Letters	356	(3)
E-mail Correspondence	359	(1)
Business Letters	359	(2)
Other Considerations	361	(1)
Writing Explanations	361	(1)
Making Written Reports	361	(5)
Collecting Data	361	(1)
Note Taking	361	(1)
Summarizing	362	(1)
Organizing Ideas	362	(1)
Documenting Sources	362	(1)
Attending to Conventions of Written Language	362	(1)
Writing Multigenre Research Papers	363	(3)
Writing to Learn in Content Areas	366	(3)
Summary	369	(1)
References	370	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	371	(1)
The Tools of Language	372	(44)
Spelling	376	(13)
Development of Spelling	377	(3)
Selecting Words	380	(1)
Spelling Instruction	380	(1)
Modeling Strategies and Procedures	380	(4)
Games and Activities	384	(3)
The Spelling Program	387	(2)
Grammar and Usage	389	(11)
What Is Grammar?	389	(1)
What Is Usage?	390	(1)
How Understanding of Grammar Develops	391	(1)
Contextualized Teaching of Grammar	392	(1)
Teaching Grammar with Literature	393	(3)
Teaching Grammar with Student Writing	396	(1)
Sentence Combining	396	(1)
Other Ways of Teaching Grammar	397	(3)
Conventions of Written Language	400	(6)
Punctuation	400	(2)
Capitalization	402	(1)
Proofreading	403	(3)
Handwriting	406	(6)
Handwriting Instruction	406	(5)
Handwriting Systems	411	(1)
Summary	412	(2)
References	414	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	415	(1)
Visual and Media Literacy	416	(34)
Defining Visual and Media Literacy	422	(1)
Visual Literacy Skills	423	(22)
Viewing	423	(2)
Paintings	425	(1)
Wordless Picture Books	426	(1)
Books with Pictures Accompanied by Print	427	(1)
Seeing-Thinking Activities (STAs)	428	(2)
Other Graphic Aids	430	(3)
Live Performances	433	(1)
Television Programs and Videos	434	(1)
CD-ROM Simulation Programs	435	(2)
Material on the Internet	437	(2)
E-mail and Chat Room Messages	439	(1)
Visually Representing	439	(1)
Photographs or Drawings	439	(1)
Word Processing	440	(1)
Video Presentations	441	(1)
Multimedia Presentations	442	(1)
Webpages and Websites	443	(2)
Relating Learning about Media to Standards	445	(2)
Summary	447	(1)
References	448	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	449	(1)
Literacy in the Content Areas	450	(48)
Reading and Writing in the Content Areas	455	(17)
Instruction in the Content Areas	455	(1)
Instructional Materials	456	(3)
Science	459	(1)
Science and Literacy	460	(1)
Science Books and Materials	461	(1)
Social Studies	462	(1)
Thematic Units in Social Studies	463	(1)
Integrating Social Studies across the Curriculum	464	(1)
Mathematics	465	(3)
Integrating Math and Language Arts	468	(2)
Using Graphs to Record Data	470	(2)
Study Skills	472	(10)
Content Reading Strategies and Procedures	472	(1)
Anticipation Guides	473	(1)
K-W-L	474	(2)
SQ3R	476	(1)
Study Guides	476	(1)
Graphic Organizers	477	(5)
Conducting Research	482	(12)
Inquiry	483	(1)
The Nature of Inquiry	483	(1)
Implementing an Inquiry-Approach to Research	483	(2)
Research	485	(1)
Research Methods	485	(5)
Materials for Research	490	(1)
Reporting the Results	490	(4)
Summary	494	(2)
References	496	(1)
Books for Children and Adolescents Cited in This Chapter	497	(1)
Assessment and Intervention	498	(42)
Overview of Assessment	503	(2)
Authentic, Classroom-Based Assessment	505	(17)
Observations	505	(1)
Checklists	506	(1)
Anecdotal Records	507	(1)
Interactive Informal Assessments	507	(1)
Conferences	508	(1)
Interviews	508	(1)
Portfolios	508	(4)
Attitude and Interest Inventories	512	(1)
Self-Assessment	513	(3)
Other Informal Measures	516	(1)
Retellings	517	(1)
Running Records	517	(1)
Informal Reading Inventories	518	(2)
Miscue Analysis	520	(1)
Rubrics	520	(2)
Assessment in the Language Arts	522	(3)
Emergent Literacy	522	(1)
Vocabulary	522	(1)
Listening	523	(1)
Oral Expression	523	(1)
Reading	524	(1)
Writing	524	(1)
Spelling	525	(1)
Formal Assessment	525	(4)
Standardized Testing	526	(2)
Other Types of Formal Assessment	528	(1)
Criterion-Referenced Tests	528	(1)
Standards-Based Writing Assessment	528	(1)
Interventions for Struggling Students	529	(4)
Struggling Students	529	(1)
Intervention Strategies	529	(1)
Learning Environment	530	(1)
Family Connections	530	(1)
Viable Organizational Patterns	530	(1)
Strategies	531	(1)
Materials	531	(1)
Formal Intervention Programs	532	(1)
Reporting Progress	533	(2)
Oral Reporting	533	(1)
Written Reports	533	(2)
Summary	535	(2)
References	537	(3)
Thematic Units	540	(52)
Overview of Thematic Units	545	(2)
Understanding Thematic Units	545	(1)
Values of Thematic Units	546	(1)
Developing a Thematic Unit	547	(3)
Selecting a Theme	547	(1)
Planning and Implementing a Thematic Unit	548	(2)
Using Resources	550	(1)
Summary	551	(1)
References	552	(2)
Sample Thematic Webs and Units	554	(2)
Web for Cross-Curricular Thematic Unit on U.S. Flag	556	(1)
Thematic Unit on Energy	557	(2)
Thematic Unit on Humpback Whales	559	(6)
Cross-Curricular Library Literature Unit on Jane Yolen's Works	565	(4)
Thematic Unit on Maniac Magee	569	(4)
Thematic Unit on Biomes of the World	573	(2)
Thematic Unit on the American Revolution	575	(2)
Thematic Unit on Pioneers	577	(5)
Thematic Unit on Insects and Spiders	582	(6)
Thematic Unit on Holes	588	(4)
APPENDIX A Grammar Handbook	592	(16)
APPENDIX B Children's Book Awards	608	(22)
Newbery Award Winners	609	(9)
Caldecott Award Winners	618	(8)
Coretta Scott King Book Award Winners	626	(4)
Subject Index	630	(9)
Name and Title Index	639	(7)
Photo Credits	646