Integrating Therapeutic and Complementary Nutrition

by Marian; Mary J.

• ISBN13: 9780849316128
• ISBN10: 084931612X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-07-20
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Consumers look to health professionals for guidance on how to integrate complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies into their lifestyles, yet most health care professionals are trained only in conventional practices. Integrating Therapeutic and Complementary Nutrition provides the scientific foundation necessary to understand CAM nutrition practices and how they are being integrated into conventional care. Working within a framework that examines complementary and alternative therapies alongside conventional nutrition practice, the authors examine controversial issues surrounding CAM practice. Integrating Therapeutic and Complementary Nutrition replaces popular myths with fact based and verifiable information from nutritionists, professors, researchers, and industry professionals.

Table of Contents

Fundamentals of Integrative Nutrition	1	(14)
Cynthia A. Thomson
Robert Lutz
Introduction	1	(1)
Medical Pluralism in America	1	(4)
Resurgence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine	2	(1)
Acceptance of CAM	3	(2)
Integrative Medicine	5	(3)
What Is Health?	5	(1)
Integrative Nutrition within the Context of Integrative Medicine	6	(1)
Nutrition and Alternative Health Systems	6	(2)
Integrative Nutrition Practice	8	(1)
Challenges Confront	8	(1)
Why Integrative Nutrition?	9	(4)
Gaining Competency	10	(1)
Ethics	11	(2)
References	13	(2)
Ayurveda: The Mother of Traditional Medicine	15	(14)
Mari Clements
Ayurveda as a Complementary Medicine System	15	(1)
Cosmic Principles of Ayurveda: Ayurveda as a Reflection of Mother Nature	16	(1)
Determining Biological Nature	17	(1)
Digestion: The Cornerstone to Health	17	(2)
Ayurveda Eating Guidelines for the Promotion of Healthy Digestion and Elimination	19	(2)
Ayurveda Lifestyle Guidelines Tailored to Each Dosha	21	(5)
Kapha Lifestyle	26	(1)
Pitta Lifestyle	26	(1)
Vata Lifestyle	26	(1)
Ayurveda Case Studies	26	(1)
Kapha Case Study	26	(1)
Pitta Case Study	27	(1)
Vata Case Study	27	(1)
References	27	(1)
Useful Resources	27	(2)
Pregnancy and Lactation	29	(30)
Amy A. Drescher
Deborah Pesicka
Judith Shabert
Preconceptual Nutrition Status and Counseling	30	(2)
Pregnancy	32	(1)
Energy	32	(5)
Carbohydrate	34	(1)
Fiber	34	(1)
Protein	34	(1)
Fat	34	(3)
Food Safety in Pregnancy	37	(1)
Soy	38	(1)
Overview of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pregnancy	39	(2)
Nutrition-Related Disorders in Pregnancy	41	(9)
Anemia	41	(1)
Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy	42	(2)
Hyperemesis Gravidarum	44	(1)
Hypertension in Pregnancy	44	(1)
Diabetes	45	(1)
Infection and Pregnancy	46	(1)
Preterm Delivery	46	(1)
Obstructed Labor and Cesarean Section	47	(1)
Fetal Weight Status	48	(1)
Postpartum/Lactation Nutrition	48	(2)
Postpartum Mood Disorders	50	(1)
Summary	50	(1)
Conclusion	50	(2)
Glossary	52	(1)
References	52	(7)
Infant and Child Health	59	(32)
Lisbeth Benoit
Infant Health
Introduction	60	(1)
Normal Nutrition	60	(2)
Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation	62	(1)
Formula Feeding	62	(2)
Protein Hydrolysate Formula	64	(1)
Cow's Milk Is Not for Infants	65	(1)
Starting Solids	65	(1)
First Solids	66	(1)
To Juice or Not to Juice	66	(1)
Nutrition Challenges in Infancy	67	(3)
Jaundice	67	(1)
Dental Caries	67	(1)
Milk Sensitivity	67	(1)
Acute Diarrhea	67	(1)
Food Refusal	68	(1)
Obesity	68	(1)
Colic	68	(2)
Conclusion	70	(1)
Child Health
Basic Nutritional Needs	70	(1)
Macronutrient Requirements	71	(1)
Micronutrient Requirements	72	(4)
Micronutrients of Concern	72	(3)
Calcium	75	(1)
Iron	75	(1)
Zinc	76	(1)
Vitamin A	76	(1)
Buyer Beware	76	(1)
Nutritional Strategies for the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Hyperactivity	77	(7)
Essential Fatty Acids	77	(3)
Zinc Link	80	(1)
Lead Poisoning and Hyperactivity	81	(1)
Magnesium Improves Attention-Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms	82	(1)
Iron Treatment	82	(1)
B Complex Vitamin Supplementation	83	(1)
Sugar Effects	83	(1)
Elimination Diet Success	84	(1)
Amino Acid Supplementation	84	(1)
Will Nutritional Modification Help Children with ADHD?	84	(1)
Conclusion	84	(1)
References	85	(6)
Adolescence	91	(26)
Mary Marian
Richard Wahl
John D. Mark
Introduction	92	(1)
Review of Normal Growth and Development	92	(1)
Growth Expectations	92	(1)
Physiologic Development	92	(1)
Psychological/Cognitive Development	93	(1)
Adolescent Eating Practices	93	(1)
Assessing Growth	94	(2)
Nutritional Requirements	96	(4)
Energy	96	(1)
Protein	97	(1)
Micronutrients	97	(1)
Vitamins	98	(1)
Minerals	98	(1)
Calcium	98	(1)
Iron	99	(1)
Nutritional Recommendations	100	(1)
Adolescent Nutritional Challenges	100	(6)
Obesity	100	(2)
Altered Body Image	102	(1)
Type 2 Diabetes	102	(1)
Hyperlipidemia	102	(1)
Pregnancy	103	(2)
Physical Activity and Participation in Sports	105	(1)
Vegetarian Diets	106	(1)
Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies	106	(2)
Recommendations for Change	108	(2)
Health Promotion Programs	108	(1)
School-Based Programs	108	(1)
Community-Based Programs	109	(1)
Designing Nutrition Education Programs	110	(1)
Summary	110	(1)
Case Study	110	(2)
References	112	(5)
Women's Health	117	(30)
Pamela Echeverria
Jyotsna Sahni
Introduction	118	(1)
Commonly Occurring Conditions Affecting Women	118	(6)
Premenstrual Syndrome	118	(1)
Recommended Interventions	119	(1)
Dietary Supplements	119	(1)
Integrative Approach	120	(1)
Pharmacologic Therapy	120	(1)
Pregnancy	120	(2)
Perimenopause	122	(1)
Menopause	122	(1)
Postmenopause	123	(1)
Fibrocystic Breast Disease	123	(1)
Uterine Fibroids	124	(1)
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome	124	(1)
Chronic Diseases and Women's Health	124	(11)
Coronary Artery Disease	124	(1)
Lifestyle Recommendations to Reduce Risk	125	(2)
Obesity	127	(1)
Hypertension	128	(1)
Metabolic Syndrome	129	(1)
Cancer Prevention	129	(1)
Breast Cancer	130	(1)
Reproductive Cancers (Ovarian, Uterine, Cervical)	131	(1)
Osteoporosis	131	(1)
Depression	131	(1)
Phytochemical Intake	132	(1)
Phytoestrogens	133	(1)
Cardiovascular Disease Prevention	134	(1)
Role of Dietary Fatty Acids in Disease Prevention	134	(1)
Omega-3 Fatty Acids	134	(1)
Gamma-Linolenic Acid	135	(1)
Vitamins or Minerals: Supplements	135	(1)
Herbal Supplements Commonly Recommended	135	(3)
Ipriflavone	135	(1)
Dehydroepiandrosterone	136	(1)
Black Cohosh	136	(1)
Chaste Tree Berries (Vitex agnus-castus)	137	(1)
Dong Quai	137	(1)
Red Clover	137	(1)
Wild Yam	137	(1)
Summary	138	(1)
Case Study	138	(1)
References	138	(9)
Men's Health	147	(24)
Aaron W. Crawford
Introduction	147	(1)
Men and Women Suffer from Many of the Same Medical Conditions	148	(1)
Male-Specific Health Concerns	149	(16)
Erectile Dysfunction	149	(1)
INT Approaches	150	(1)
Conventional Treatment	151	(1)
Hair Loss	152	(2)
INT Approaches	154	(1)
Other 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors	154	(1)
Conventional Treatment	155	(1)
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	155	(1)
INT Approaches	156	(3)
Conventional Treatment	159	(2)
Prostate Cancer	161	(1)
INT Approach	161	(3)
Conventional Treatment	164	(1)
BPH Case Study	165	(1)
Discussion	165	(1)
References	166	(5)
Skeletal System and Joint Health	171	(44)
Lisa High
Melanie Hingle
Renee M. Kishbaugh
Michael Buchwald
Skeletal System
Introduction	172	(1)
Pathophysiology	173	(1)
Calcium Homeostasis	174	(1)
Nutritional Influences	174	(4)
Calcium	175	(1)
Vitamin D	175	(1)
Magnesium	175	(1)
Phosphorus	176	(1)
Vitamin K	176	(1)
Zinc	176	(1)
Vitamin C	176	(1)
Copper	176	(1)
Iron	177	(1)
Fiber	177	(1)
Caffeine	177	(1)
Sodium	177	(1)
Protein	177	(1)
Alcohol and Smoking	178	(1)
Nonnutritional Influences	178	(1)
Medications	178	(1)
Exercise	178	(1)
Sex Hormones	179	(1)
Osteoporosis	179	(6)
Prevalence	180	(1)
Screening and Diagnosis	181	(1)
Prevention	182	(1)
Exercise	183	(1)
Pharmacologic Management	183	(2)
Summary	185	(1)
Joint Health
Overview of Joints	186	(1)
Normal Joint Anatomy	186	(1)
Types of Joints	186	(1)
Biomechanics of a Normal Joint	186	(1)
Abnormal Joints	187	(1)
Arthritides	187	(13)
Osteoarthritis or Degenerative Joint Disease	187	(3)
Rheumatoid Arthritis	190	(6)
Areas for Future Research	196	(1)
Ankylosing Spondylitis or Marie-Strumpell Disease	196	(1)
Gout	197	(3)
Anti-Inflammatory Diet	200	(6)
Essential Fatty Acids	200	(2)
Eicosanoid Production	202	(1)
Phospholipase A2 Enzyme Inhibition	203	(1)
COX-1 and COX-2 Enzyme Inhibition	203	(1)
Food Allergies and Lectins	203	(1)
Dietary Salicylates and Amines	204	(1)
Artificial Sweeteners and Monosodium Glutamate	204	(1)
Nuclear Factor-Kappa B	204	(1)
Oxidative Stress	204	(1)
Twenty Strategies for a Healthy Diet	205	(1)
Sports Injuries	206	(4)
Tennis Elbow or Lateral Epicondylitis	206	(1)
Carpal Tunnel	207	(1)
Shoulder Impingement or Subacromial Bursitis	208	(1)
General Muscle Sprain or Strain	208	(2)
Summary	210	(1)
References	210	(5)
Cardiovascular Disease	215	(30)
Ellen Augur
Mary Atkinson
Introduction	216	(1)
Epidemiology	216	(1)
A Historical Perspective of Cardiovascular Disease	217	(1)
Current Recommendations for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease	218	(5)
Foods and Their Effects on Cardiovascular Disease	223	(6)
Fat	223	(1)
Saturated Fatty Acids	223	(1)
Trans-Fatty Acids	223	(1)
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids	224	(1)
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids	224	(1)
Omega-3 Fatty Acids	224	(1)
Omega-6 Fatty Acids	225	(1)
Cholesterol	225	(1)
Carbohydrate	225	(1)
Fiber	226	(1)
Antioxidants	226	(1)
Alcohol	227	(1)
Soy	227	(1)
Sterols and Stanols	227	(1)
Flavonoids and Phytochemicals	228	(1)
Dietary Patterns	228	(1)
Pharmacological Interventions in Cardiovascular Disease	229	(3)
New Insights into Cardiovascular Disease	232	(3)
Fad Diets	232	(1)
Homocysteine	233	(1)
C-Reactive Protein	233	(1)
Lipoprotein(a)	234	(1)
Nutraceuticals and Supplements	234	(1)
Hormone Replacement Therapy	234	(1)
LDL Apheresis	234	(1)
Updates in Hypertension	235	(1)
Summary	235	(1)
Case Study	236	(4)
Glossary	240	(1)
References	241	(4)
Nervous System	245	(38)
Ame Golaszewski
Leo McCluskey
Introduction	246	(1)
Neurological Approach	246	(1)
Neuroanatomy	247	(3)
Appetite and Food-Seeking Behavior	247	(1)
Motor System	247	(1)
Sensory System	247	(2)
Autonomic System	249	(1)
Swallow	249	(1)
Cough	250	(1)
Gag	250	(1)
Neurological Disorders	250	(5)
Dysphagia	252	(3)
Dietary Consequences of Neurological Disease	255	(12)
Stroke	255	(1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	256	(2)
Other Motor Neuron Disorders	258	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis	259	(1)
Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias	260	(2)
Parkinson's Disease	262	(2)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome	264	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis and Myopathy	264	(1)
Neurotrauma	265	(1)
Head Trauma	265	(1)
Spinal Cord Trauma	266	(1)
Brain Neoplasm	266	(1)
Neurologic Consequences of Nutritional Deficiency	267	(1)
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)	267	(1)
Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B1)	267	(1)
Folic Acid	267	(1)
Vitamin D	267	(1)
Tocopherol (Vitamin E)	268	(1)
Nutrition-Related Neurotoxins	268	(1)
Neurologic Consequences of Some Specific Gastrointestinal Disorders	268	(1)
Celiac Disease	268	(1)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	268	(1)
Whipple's Disease	268	(1)
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with Campylobacter	269	(1)
Gastric Surgery	269	(1)
Clinical Tip	269	(1)
Warfarin (Coumadin®) Treatment	269	(1)
Phenytoin (Dilantin®) Treatment	269	(1)
Clinical Tip	270	(1)
Proposed Alternative Therapies Used in MS	270	(1)
Clinical Tip	270	(1)
Feeding Tubes	270	(1)
Clinical Case Study	271	(3)
Past Medical History	271	(1)
Social History	271	(1)
Family History	271	(1)
Review of Systems	271	(1)
Physical Examination	272	(1)
Vital Signs	272	(1)
Current Medications	272	(1)
Estimated Nutritional Goals	273	(1)
Questions	273	(1)
Answers to Case Study Questions	273	(1)
References	274	(9)
Upper Gastrointestinal System	283	(14)
Andrea Avery
Pamela Williams
Nausea and Vomiting	284	(1)
Dyspepsia, Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, and Ulcers	285	(1)
Esophageal Infection	286	(1)
Swallowing Problems	287	(1)
Motility Disorders	288	(1)
Postgastrectomy	289	(1)
Alternative Nutrition Therapies	289	(2)
Summary	291	(1)
Case Study	292	(1)
References	293	(4)
Promoting Small and Large Bowel Health	297	(26)
Susan Roberts
Mary Krystofiak Russell
Introduction	298	(1)
Colon Cancer	298	(6)
Incidence	298	(1)
Signs and Symptoms	299	(1)
Risk Factors	299	(1)
Preventive Nutrition Therapy	299	(1)
Meat	299	(1)
Dietary Fat	299	(1)
Obesity	300	(1)
Folic Acid	300	(1)
Fiber	300	(1)
Fruits and Vegetables	301	(1)
Calcium	301	(1)
Selenium	301	(1)
Complementary Therapies	301	(1)
Nutrition Intervention	302	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	303	(1)
Complementary Interventions	303	(1)
Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis	304	(2)
Definitions	304	(1)
Incidence	304	(1)
Etiology	304	(1)
Signs and Symptoms	305	(1)
Complications of Diverticulitis	305	(1)
Nutritional Prevention of Diverticulosis	305	(1)
Nutritional Intervention	306	(1)
Complementary Therapies	306	(1)
Irritable Bowel Syndrome	306	(4)
Incidence	306	(1)
Signs, Symptoms, and Diagnosis	306	(1)
Etiology	307	(1)
Traditional Medical Treatment	307	(1)
Nutritional Intervention	307	(1)
Traditional Nutrition Therapy	308	(1)
Complementary Therapies	308	(2)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	310	(3)
Crohn's Disease	310	(1)
Incidence	310	(1)
Risk Factors	310	(1)
Signs and Symptoms	310	(1)
Intervention	310	(1)
Medical Treatment	310	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	311	(1)
Complementary Therapies	311	(1)
Ulcerative Colitis	311	(1)
Incidence	311	(1)
Risk Factors	312	(1)
Signs and Symptoms	312	(1)
Intervention	312	(1)
Medical Treatment	312	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	312	(1)
Complementary Therapies	312	(1)
Celiac Disease	313	(2)
Incidence	313	(1)
Etiology	313	(1)
Signs and Symptoms	314	(1)
Intervention	314	(1)
Medical Treatment	314	(1)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	314	(1)
Complementary Therapies	315	(1)
Case Study	315	(1)
Glossary	315	(1)
References	316	(7)
Liver Disease	323	(32)
Roschelle Heuberger
Physiology and Function of the Normal Liver	323	(2)
Epidemiology	325	(3)
Manifestations (Pathophysiology)	328	(3)
Complications	331	(5)
Nutritional Management	336	(3)
Alternative Treatments	339	(3)
Experimental Therapies	342	(1)
Induction by Hepatotoxic Compounds	342	(2)
Case Study	344	(2)
Physical Examination	344	(1)
Nutritional History	344	(1)
Current 24-h Recall	345	(1)
Biochemical Indices upon Admission	345	(1)
Review Questions	345	(1)
References	346	(9)
Nutrition and the Pancreas	355	(40)
M. Patricia Fuhrman
Cynthia Payne
Kelly Eiden
Nanette Steinle
Nick Gonzalez
Introduction	356	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Pancreas	356	(1)
Exocrine Pancreas and Pancreatitis
Exocrine Function of the Pancreas	357	(1)
Phases of Pancreatic Secretion	358	(1)
Pancreatitis	359	(11)
Etiology of Pancreatitis	360	(1)
Acute Pancreatitis	360	(1)
Chronic Pancreatitis	360	(1)
Diagnosis of Pancreatitis	361	(1)
Symptomology of Pancreatitis	361	(2)
Treatment of Pancreatitis	363	(1)
Nutrition and Pancreatitis	364	(1)
Nutrition Assessment	364	(1)
Pancreatitis and Nutrient Metabolism	364	(1)
Carbohydrate	365	(1)
Protein	365	(1)
Lipid	365	(1)
Micronutrients	365	(1)
Pancreatitis and Energy Metabolism	366	(1)
Selecting the Route of Nutrition during Pancreatitis	366	(1)
Oral Diet and Pancreatitis	366	(1)
Enteral Nutrition	366	(1)
Parenteral Nutrition	367	(2)
Complementary and Alternative Therapies for Pancreatic Health	369	(1)
Omega-3 Fatty Acids	369	(1)
Amino Acids	369	(1)
Herbal Remedies	369	(1)
Prebiotics and Probiotics	370	(1)
Summary	370	(1)
Endocrine Pancreas and Diabetes Mellitus
Endocrine Function of the Pancreas	371	(1)
Tumors of the Pancreas and Treatment	372	(1)
Diabetes	372	(12)
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes	374	(1)
Assessment	374	(3)
Nutritional Management Recommendations	377	(1)
Type 1 Diabetes	377	(1)
Type 2 Diabetes	378	(1)
Modulate Carbohydrate (Amount, Type, Timing) to Achieve BG Goals	378	(1)
Using the Glycemic Index	379	(1)
Fiber Intake	379	(1)
Increase Consumption of Vegetables with Some Fruits and Vegetables	379	(1)
Vitamins	379	(1)
Minerals	380	(1)
Phytonutrients	381	(1)
Botanicals	381	(3)
Nutritional Management of Diabetic Complications	384	(1)
Heart Disease	384	(1)
Neuropathy	384	(1)
Summary	384	(1)
Pancreas Case Study	385	(1)
References	386	(9)
Immune System	395	(60)
Ellyn Silverman
Paul J. Cimoch
David W. Grotto
Jill Place
Susan Allen-Evenson
Immune System Basics	397	(1)
Components of the Immune System	398	(2)
Macrophages	398	(1)
Lymphocytes	398	(1)
Antigen Receptors	399	(1)
Antigen-Presenting Cells	399	(1)
Humoral Immune Response	399	(1)
Antibodies	399	(1)
Nutrients and the Immune System	400	(13)
Magnesium	400	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	401	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	401	(1)
Vitamin A	401	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	402	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	402	(1)
Vitamin C	403	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	403	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	404	(1)
Folate	404	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	404	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	404	(1)
Vitamin E	405	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	406	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	406	(1)
Vitamin B-6	406	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	407	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	407	(1)
Vitamin B-12	407	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	408	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	408	(1)
Selenium	409	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	409	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	409	(1)
Copper	409	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	410	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	410	(1)
Zinc	411	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	411	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	412	(1)
Iron	412	(1)
Deficiency and Toxicity Information	412	(1)
Recommended Dietary Intake and Dosage	413	(1)
Conclusion	413	(1)
References	413	(2)
Clinical Application: Graves' Disease	415	(3)
Description	415	(1)
Conventional Treatment	416	(1)
Antithyroid Drugs	416	(1)
Radioiodine Therapy	416	(1)
Integrative Approaches	417	(1)
References	418	(2)
Clinical Application: Multiple Sclerosis	420	(3)
Dysfunction	420	(1)
Conventional Approaches	420	(1)
Integrative Approaches	421	(1)
Diet	421	(1)
Supplements	421	(1)
Therapies	422	(1)
References	423	(1)
Clinical Application: Candidiasis	424	(5)
Description	424	(1)
Conventional Treatment	425	(1)
Integrative Approaches	426	(1)
Predisposing Factors	426	(1)
Symptoms	427	(2)
References	429	(1)
Clinical Application: The Common Cold and Influenza	429	(4)
Dysfunction	429	(1)
Conventional Treatment	430	(1)
Antihistamines	430	(1)
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	430	(1)
Decongestants	430	(1)
Anticholinergics	430	(1)
Cough Suppressants	431	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatments	431	(1)
Echinacea	431	(1)
Garlic	431	(1)
Vitamin C	431	(1)
Zinc	432	(1)
Homeopathy	432	(1)
Ayurvedic Approach	433	(1)
Influenza	433	(4)
Description	433	(1)
Conventional Treatment	433	(1)
Aconitum Napellus	434	(1)
Apis Mellifica	434	(1)
Arsenicum Album	434	(1)
Belladonna	434	(1)
Bryonia	434	(1)
Eupatorium Perforliatum	435	(1)
Ferrum Phosphoricum	435	(1)
Gelsemium	435	(1)
Nux Vomica	435	(1)
Oscillococcinum (also called Anas barbariae)	435	(1)
Phosphorus	435	(1)
Rhus Toxicodendron	436	(1)
Sulfur	436	(1)
References	437	(1)
Clinical Perspectives: Rheumatoid Arthritis	438	(6)
References	444	(3)
Clinical Application: Immune-Enhancing Power of Mushrooms	447	(3)
Immunoceutical Structure	447	(1)
Mechanisms of Immunoceutical Action	448	(1)
Immunoceuticals and Cancer	448	(1)
Immunoceuticals and Other Disease States	449	(1)
Dosages and Forms of Administration	449	(1)
Contraindications	449	(1)
Conclusion	450	(1)
References	450	(3)
Case Study	453	(2)
Renal Nutrition	455	(24)
Margaret Furtado
Carlos DaSilva
Introduction	456	(1)
Review of Normal Renal Physiology	456	(3)
Sodium and Water	456	(2)
Potassium	458	(1)
Calcium, Phosphorus, and Bones	458	(1)
Acid-Base Balance	459	(1)
Metabolic Impact of Azotemia	459	(1)
Common Causes of Chronic Renal Failure	459	(2)
Glomerular Diseases	459	(1)
Tubulo-Interstitial Diseases	460	(1)
Vascular Diseases	460	(1)
Collecting System Disease	460	(1)
Definition and Classification of Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease	461	(1)
Acute Renal Failure	461	(1)
Causes and Clinical Scenarios	461	(1)
Nutritional Needs	462	(1)
Protein	462	(1)
Calories	462	(1)
Vitamins and Minerals	462	(1)
Fluids	462	(1)
Nutritional Needs and Management of Pre-Chronic Kidney Disease Patients (Not on Dialysis)	462	(3)
Protein	462	(1)
Calories	463	(1)
Fat	463	(1)
Sodium	463	(1)
Potassium	463	(1)
Calcium and Phosphorus	463	(1)
Fluids	463	(1)
Vitamins and Iron	463	(2)
Chronic Renal Failure	465	(4)
Hemodialysis and Nutrition	465	(1)
Nutritional Needs for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Hemodialysis	465	(2)
Peritoneal Dialysis and Nutrition	467	(1)
Protein	467	(1)
Calories	467	(1)
Fats	467	(1)
Sodium and Fluid	467	(1)
Potassium	467	(1)
Mineral Needs for Peritoneal Dialysis Patients	467	(1)
Transplantation and Nutrition	468	(1)
Nutritional Needs	468	(1)
Nephrotic Syndrome	469	(1)
Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stones)	469	(1)
Challenges in the Management of Phosphorus and Bone Disease	469	(2)
Renal Osteodystrophy	469	(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Phosphorus Binders	471	(1)
Controversial Therapies for End-Stage Renal Disease Patients	471	(3)
L-Carnitine	471	(1)
Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition and Intermittent Parenteral Nutrition	472	(1)
Use of Appetite Stimulants (Megace, Marinol, and Others)	472	(1)
Growth Hormone and Androgens	473	(1)
Case Study 1	474	(1)
Case Study 2	474	(1)
References	475	(4)
Respiratory Health	479	(32)
Jennifer Doley
Richard Berry
Mary Marian
Introduction	479	(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	480	(5)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	481	(2)
Nutritional Requirements	483	(1)
Nutrition Support	483	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies	484	(1)
Summary	485	(1)
Pneumonia	485	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	486	(3)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	487	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies	488	(1)
Lung Cancer	489	(4)
Nutrition and Lung Cancer Prevention	489	(1)
Nutrition during Treatment	490	(1)
Use of Supplements during Antineoplastic Therapy	491	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies	492	(1)
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome	493	(2)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	493	(1)
Non-Nutrition Management	494	(1)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome	495	(1)
Asthma	495	(6)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	496	(3)
Food Allergies and Avoidance	499	(1)
Medication Usage	499	(1)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies	499	(2)
Tuberculosis	501	(2)
Medical Nutrition Therapy	501	(2)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Therapies	503	(1)
Sarcoidosis	503	(1)
References	504	(7)
Ear Health	511	(16)
Duke Johnson
Introduction	512	(1)
Ear Anatomy	512	(2)
External Ear	512	(1)
Middle Ear	513	(1)
Inner Ear	513	(1)
Physiology of the Ear	514	(1)
Ear Disorders	514	(2)
Hearing Loss or Deafness	514	(1)
Otitis Externa (Outer Ear Infection)	515	(1)
Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)	515	(1)
Tinnitus	515	(1)
Vertigo	515	(1)
Meniere's Disease	515	(1)
Conventional Approaches to Ear Disorders	516	(1)
Hearing Loss or Deafness	516	(1)
Conductive Hearing Loss	516	(1)
Sensorneural Hearing Loss	516	(1)
Central Hearing Loss	516	(1)
Otitis Externa	516	(1)
Otitis Media	516	(1)
Tinnitus	517	(1)
Vertigo	517	(1)
Meniere's Disease	517	(1)
Alternative Approaches to Ear Disorders	517	(7)
Hearing Loss	517	(1)
Conductive Hearing Loss	517	(1)
Sensorneural Hearing Loss	518	(1)
Central Hearing Loss	518	(1)
Otitis Externa	518	(1)
Otitis Media	518	(1)
German Chamomile (Matricaria recutita)	518	(1)
HOPS (Humulus lupulus)	518	(1)
Mullein (Verbascum densiflorum)	518	(1)
Garlic (Alllium sativum)	518	(2)
Lobelia (Lobelia inflata)	520	(1)
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)	520	(1)
St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)	520	(1)
Echinacea (Echinacea pallida, Echinacea purpurea)	520	(1)
Apple Cider Vinegar	521	(1)
American Elder, Elderberry, Elderflower (Sambucus canadensis)	521	(1)
Onion (Allium cepa)	521	(1)
Gumweed (Grindelia robusta)	521	(1)
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)	521	(1)
Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-grawcum)	521	(1)
Pulsatilla (Anemome pulsatilla)	521	(1)
Chickweed (Stellaria media)	522	(1)
Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa)	522	(1)
Desert Tea, Brigham Tea, Morman Tea (Silybum marianum)	522	(1)
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)	522	(1)
Valerian (Valeriana officinalis)	522	(1)
Baikal Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis)	522	(1)
Eucalyptis (Eucalyptus globulus)	522	(1)
Sage (Salvia officinalis)	522	(1)
Thyme Flower and Leaf (Thymus vulgaris)	523	(1)
Thyme Oil (Thymus vulgaris)	523	(1)
Lavender (Lavandula augustifolia)	523	(1)
Aconite (Aconitum napellus)	523	(1)
Tinnitus	523	(1)
Vertigo	523	(1)
Meniere's Disease	524	(1)
Integration of Conventional and Alternative Approaches	524	(1)
Case Study	524	(1)
References	524	(3)
Skin Health	527	(78)
Jennifer Doley
Joseph Genebriera
Nutrition and the Skin	528	(1)
Anatomy and Physiology	528	(2)
Epidermis	528	(1)
Dermis	529	(1)
Subcutis	530	(1)
Nutrition and Skin Health	530	(1)
Vitamin A	530	(1)
Riboflavin	530	(1)
Niacin	531	(1)
Vitamin C	531	(1)
Essential Fatty Acids	531	(1)
Nutrition and Skin Disorders	531	(6)
Acne	532	(1)
Nutritional Management	533	(1)
Atopic Dermatitis	533	(1)
Nutritional Management	534	(1)
Dermatitis Herpetiformis	535	(1)
Nutritional Management	536	(1)
Sunburn	536	(1)
Nutritional Management	536	(1)
Wound Healing	537	(14)
Burns	537	(2)
Pressure Ulcers	539	(1)
Physiology of Wound Healing	540	(1)
Nutritional Management	541	(1)
Energy Requirements	541	(1)
Protein Requirements	542	(1)
Fat Requirements	543	(1)
Micronutrients	544	(2)
Nonnutritional Management	546	(1)
Hormones and Steroids	546	(1)
Honey	547	(1)
Aloe Vera and Other Plant Extracts	548	(1)
Oxygen Therapy	548	(1)
Negative Pressure Therapy	549	(1)
Hydrotherapy	549	(1)
Laser Therapy	549	(1)
Ultrasound	550	(1)
Electrotherapy	550	(1)
Maggots	550	(1)
Psychological Factors	551	(1)
Case Study 1	551	(2)
Case Study 2	553	(2)
Glossary	555	(1)
References	556	(5)
Appendices
A. Bioavailability	561	(8)
John Siroster
Jennifer Muir Bowers
Bioavailability Defined	561	(1)
Factors Impacting Bioavailability	561	(1)
Host-Related Factors	562	(1)
Extrinsic Factors	562	(1)
Choosing a Micronutrient Supplement	562	(1)
Beta-Carotene	562	(5)
Vitamin C	567	(1)
Vitamin B12	567	(1)
Chromium	567	(1)
References	567	(2)
B. Integrative Nutrition in Surgical Patients	569	(6)
Douglas W. Wilmore
Introduction	569	(1)
Who Is at Risk? --- What Is Known	570	(1)
Malnourished Patient	570	(1)
Elderly	570	(1)
Patients with Bowel Disease	570	(1)
Other High-Risk Patient Groups	571	(1)
What Interventions Help?	571	(1)
Perioperative Feedings	571	(1)
Postoperative Protein Supplements	571	(1)
Diets Supplemented in Omega-3 Fats, Arginine, and RNA	571	(1)
Glutamine	572	(1)
Other Substances	572	(1)
Other Approaches	572	(1)
Recommendations on the Use of Herbals in Surgical Patients	572	(1)
Conclusions	573	(1)
References	574	(1)
C. Herb-Drug Interactions	575	(8)
Philip J. Gregory
References	579	(4)
D. Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practices Relative to Dentistry --- Issues and Challenges	583	(4)
Riva Touger-Decker
Issues for the Practitioner	585	(1)
References	585	(2)
E. Phytochemicals and Disease Prevention	587	(4)
Mary Marian
Cynthia A. Thomson
F. Clinical Growth Charts for the Assessment of Growth and Body Weight	591	(4)
G. My Pyramid: Steps to a Healthier You	595	(2)
H. Summary and Comparison of Popular Diets	597	(8)
Index	605