Integrative Manual Therapy for Biomechanics Application of Muscle Energy and "Beyond" Technique

by Giammatteo, Sharon; Giammatteo, Thomas

• ISBN13: 9781556434358
• ISBN10: 1556434359
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-08-18
• Publisher: North Atlantic Books

Summary

Integrative Manual Therapy uses soft tissue work and joint mobilization. People suffering from pain and disability have significantly regained health through this innovative therapy. This comprehensive manual addresses all phases of assessment and intervention for biomechanical dysfunction. It features inventories of signs and symptoms; procedures; 300 photos and 100 illustrations; and tried methods for integration.

Author Biography

Sharon Giammatteo and Tom Giammatteo founded The International College of Integrative Manual Therapy in affiliation with Westbrook University, an accredited university in New Mexico. Their school, Dialogues in Contemporary Rehabilitation, teaches over 200 seminars each year around the world to health care professionals.

Table of Contents

Foreword	xviii
Introduction	xx
Acknowledgements	xxi
Integrative Manual Therapy	1	(3)
Integrative Manual Therapy	1	(1)
Software and Hardware: A System	1	(1)
Structural or Functional Rehabilitation	1	(2)
The Integrated Systems Approach	3	(1)
Decreasing Hypertonicity with Manual Therapy	4	(7)
Posture	11	(28)
Posture or Posturing?	11	(1)
Postural Deviations	11	(1)
Evaluation with a Neutral Base of Support	11	(1)
Sagittal Plane Posture	12	(9)
Typical Static Postural Dysfunction of the Spine	13	(3)
Typical Static Postural Dysfunction of the Extremities	16	(2)
Dynamic Postural Evaluation	18	(2)
Typical Deviations of Motion	20	(1)
Coronal Plane Posture	21	(3)
Static Postural Evaluation	21	(2)
Typical Deviations of Motion	23	(1)
Transverse Plane Posture	24	(7)
Static Postural Evaluation	24	(2)
Typical Transverse Plane Deviations of Motion	26	(1)
Typical Deviations of Motion of the Extremities	27	(1)
Static and Dynamic Postural Evaluation: A Summary	28	(1)
Upper Extremity: Compensatory Movements	28	(1)
Hypomobility and Hypermobility	29	(1)
Lower Extremity: Compensatory Movements	29	(2)
Dynamic Postural Evaluation: Specificity of Assessment	31	(8)
Postural Dysfunction and Articular Balance	31	(1)
Articular Balance and Accessory Movement	31	(1)
Accessory Joint Movement and Physiologic Ranges of Motion	31	(1)
Observation with the ``Preferred Eye''	32	(1)
Visual Assessment: Wide-Angle Lens to Zoom Lens	33	(1)
Philosophy and Hypothesis	33	(1)
Pictorial Documentation of Postural Deviations	34	(1)
Normal Ranges of Spinal Motion	35	(2)
Normal Ranges of Motion of Extremities	37	(2)
The Muscle Barrier	39	(8)
Scenario of a Muscle Barrier	39	(3)
Example: Hamstring Muscle Barrier	40	(1)
Definitions	40	(1)
Analysis and Interpretation of Postural Dysfunction	41	(1)
Application of the Muscle Barrier Concept	41	(1)
Energy Expenditure Due to the Resistance of a Muscle in Protective Muscle Spasm	42	(1)
Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Techniques	42	(5)
Treatment of the Muscle Barriers of the Legs for Symmetry of Muscle Tone	42	(1)
Treatment of Long Muscle Barriers with Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique	42	(1)
Treatment of Pathological Leg Muscle Barriers	43	(4)
The Accessory Sacroiliac Joints: Hypomobility and Treatment	47	(5)
``Accessory'' or ``Axial'' Sacroiliac Joints	48	(3)
Mobility Testing of the Accessory Sacroiliac Joints	49	(1)
Mobilization of the Accessory Sacroiliac Joints	49	(2)
Decompress the Accessory Sacroiliac Joints with Integrative Manual Therapy	51	(1)
Sequence of Treatment	51	(1)
Mobility Tests	52	(4)
Standing Flexion Test (Standing Forward Bending Test)	52	(1)
Squish Test (Mobility Test or SI and IS Joint Mobility)	53	(1)
The Longitudinal Distraction and Compression Test	54	(2)
Pelvic Compression Reflex	56	(6)
Interpretation: Anatomical Landmarks Plus Results of Mobility Testing	62	(2)
Pelvic Joint Biomechanical Dysfunctions	63	(1)
Differential Diagnosis of Biomechanical Dysfunction of Pelvic Joints	63	(1)
Anatomical Landmarks for Differential Diagnosis of Pubic and Iliosacral Joint Dysfunction	63	(1)
Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique---the Pelvic Joints	64	(2)
Pelvic Biomechanics: Anatomical Landmarks for Differential Diagnosis of Iliosacral and Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction	64	(2)
Iliosacral Joint Movement vs. Sacroiliac Joint Movement	64	(2)
Structural Rehabilitation with Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique for Treatment of Biomechanical Dysfunction	66	(3)
3-Planar Movement	66	(1)
What Is the Barrier?	66	(1)
Treatment of a Joint with Biomechanical Dysfunction	66	(1)
Position of Treatment: The 3-Planar Interbarrier Zone	66	(1)
Isometric Resistance	67	(1)
Application for the Neurologic Patient	67	(2)
Modifications of Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique for the Neurologic Patient	67	(1)
Principles of Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique	67	(2)
The Pelvic Joints: The Pubic Symphysis and the Iliosacral Joints	69	(4)
The Pelvis	69	(1)
The Pubic Joints	70	(1)
The Iliosacral Joints	71	(2)
The Pelvic Joints: Treatment of Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Pubes and the Iliosacral Joints	73	(9)
The Pubic Symphysis	73	(1)
Elevated Pubes and Descended Pubes	73	(1)
The Iliosacral Joints	74	(7)
Inflare and Outflare	74	(2)
Upslip and Downslip	76	(3)
Anterior Rotation and Posterior Rotation	79	(2)
Sequence of Treatment for Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Pelvic Joints with Rationale	81	(1)
Spinal Motion	82	(3)
Fryette's Laws of Motion	82	(1)
Type I Movement	83	(1)
Type II Movement	83	(1)
Type III Movement	83	(1)
Biomechanics of the Facet Joints	83	(1)
Integrative Facet Joint and Disc Theories	84	(1)
Motion Types by Area	84	(1)
Application	84	(1)
The Sacrum	85	(28)
Biomechanics of the Sacrum	85	(1)
The Sacroiliac Joints	86	(1)
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction	87	(6)
The L5/S1 Joint (The Lumbosacral Junction)	93	(4)
The Low Back and the Lumbosacral Junction	97	(5)
The Auricular-Shaped Articular Surfaces	99	(1)
Biomechanical Dysfunctions of Sacrum	99	(1)
Definition of Sacral Motion and Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction in a 3-Planar Concept	100	(1)
Lumbosacral Junction Movements Differentiated from Sacroiliac Joint Movements	101	(1)
The Sacroiliac Joint and the Lumbosacral Junction	101	(1)
Accessory Sacroiliac Joints	101	(1)
The Sacral Complex	101	(1)
Mobility and Palpation of Anterior and Posterior Glides of the Sacral Base	101	(1)
Incidence of Sacral Dysfunction	102	(1)
Biomechanical Movement of the Sacrum	102	(1)
The Lumbosacral Junction and Reciprocal Movement	102	(7)
Three Anatomic Landmarks for Differential Diagnosis of Biomechanical Dysfunctions of the Sacrum (Sacroiliac Joint and Lumbosacral Junction)	103	(1)
Four Observations of Anatomic Landmarks for Differential Diagnosis of Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Sacrum	104	(1)
Palpation of Anatomic Landmarks	104	(4)
Dynamic Testing for Differential Diagnosis of Sacroiliac and Lumbosacral Dysfunction	108	(1)
Which Direction Is Assessed and Treated First, Lumbosacral Extension or Lumbosacral Flexion?	108	(1)
Differential Diagnosis Affecting Extension	109	(4)
Treatment as a Dynamic Process: Into Extension	110	(1)
Differential Diagnosis Affecting Flexion	111	(1)
Treatment as a Dynamic Process: Into Flexion	112	(1)
Treatment of Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Sacrioliac Joints with Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique	113	(20)
Rationale of Treatment for Flexed and Extended Sacrum	113	(1)
Apply the Law of Inertial Mass	113	(1)
Flexed Sacrum	113	(1)
Position of Dysfunction	113	(1)
Rationale of Treatment	113	(1)
Extended Sacrum	113	(1)
Position of Dysfunction	113	(1)
Rationale of Treatment	113	(1)
Bilateral Flexed Sacrum	114	(3)
Differential Diagnosis	114	(1)
Treatment	115	(2)
Bilateral Extended Sacrum	117	(2)
Treatment	118	(1)
Unilateral Flexed Sacrum	119	(3)
Differential Diagnosis: Right Unilateral Flexed Sacrum	120	(1)
Treatment	121	(1)
Unilateral Extended Sacrum	122	(3)
Differential Diagnosis: Left Unilateral Extended Sacrum	122	(2)
Treatment	124	(1)
Vertical Rotations of the Sacrum	125	(2)
Rationale	125	(2)
Posterior Vertical Rotation of Sacrum	127	(2)
Differential Diagnosis: Right Posterior Vertical Rotation of Sacrum	127	(1)
Treatment	128	(1)
Anterior Vertical Rotation of Sacrum	129	(2)
Differential Diagnosis: Right Anterior Vertical Rotation of Sacrum	129	(1)
Treatment	130	(1)
The Descended Sacrum	131	(2)
Objective Findings	131	(2)
The Lumbosacral Junction: Sacral Torsions	133	(10)
The Hypothetical Oblique Axes of Motion	133	(1)
Name the Torsion	133	(1)
Name the Axis	134	(1)
Anterior Torsions Diagnosed in Flexion	135	(2)
Left Sacral Torsion on a Right Oblique Axis (Anterior Torsion)	135	(1)
Right Sacral Torsion on a Right Oblique Axis (Anterior Torsion)	136	(1)
Posterior Torsions Diagnosed in Extension	137	(1)
Left Sacral Torsion on a Right Oblique Axis (Posterior Torsion)	137	(1)
Right Sacral Torsion on a Left Oblique Axis (Posterior Torsion)	138	(1)
Incidence of Torsions	138	(5)
Differential Diagnosis of Torsions	138	(3)
Example: Naming a Left Sacral Torsion on a Left Oblique Axis	141	(1)
Example: Naming a Left Sacral Torsion on a Right Oblique Axis	141	(1)
Why Name the Torsion?	142	(1)
Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique for the Lumbosacral Junction	143	(6)
Anterior Sacral Torsion	143	(3)
Left Sacral Torsion on a Left Oblique Axis (LOL)	143	(1)
Rationale	144	(1)
Treatment	144	(1)
Application: Rationale for Treatment of Anterior Sacral Torsions	145	(1)
Posterior Sacral Torsion	146	(2)
Diagnosis: Left Sacral Torsion on a Right Oblique Axis (LOR)	146	(1)
Rationale	146	(1)
Treatment	147	(1)
Application: Rationale for Treatment of Posterior Sacral Torsions	148	(1)
The Real Scenario: How to Treat the Lumbosacral Junction	149	(14)
The Scenario: Treating the Lumbosacral Junction	151	(12)
Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Sacrococcygeal Joint	163	(6)
About the Coccyx and the Pelvic Floor	163	(1)
Dynamics of the Sacrococcygeal Joint: Type I Movement of L5 and Coccyx	164	(2)
Treatment of Type I Biomechanical Dysfunction of L5 with Coccyx	166	(2)
Assessment	166	(1)
Treatment	167	(1)
Principles for Biomechanical Correction of the Sacrum: Assess the Sacrum Prior to Treatment of the Coccyx	168	(1)
The L5 Vertebra	169	(5)
Questions for Research	169	(1)
The Anterior and Lateral Shear of L5	170	(1)
The Descended Vertebra Phenomenon	170	(4)
Cranial Trauma Causes the Descended Vertebra	170	(2)
Assessment of the L5 Descended Vertebra	172	(1)
Treatment of the L5 Descended Vertebra	172	(1)
Precautions and Contraindications	173	(1)
The Descended Vertebra of Other Vertebral Segments	173	(1)
The Lumbosacral Junction and Gait	174	(5)
Clinical Research	174	(1)
Reciprocal Movement	174	(1)
Type II Movement of L5 and of S1	175	(4)
The L5 Disc	175	(1)
Stance Phase and Swing Phase	176	(2)
Questions	178	(1)
Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Lumbar Spine	179	(25)
About Spinal Motion	179	(2)
Type I Dysfunction of the Lumbar Spine	181	(4)
Positional Diagnosis	182	(1)
Movement Barrier	183	(1)
Position of Treatment	184	(1)
Treatment	185	(1)
Isometric Resistance	185	(1)
Treatment of Type I (Neutral) Lumbar Dysfunction	185	(2)
Diagnosis	185	(1)
Application	185	(1)
Rationale	185	(1)
Treatment	186	(1)
Barrier	186	(1)
Isometric Resistance	186	(1)
Type II Dysfunction of the Lumbar Spine	187	(1)
Type II Flexed Lesions	187	(6)
Example	187	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	188	(2)
Movement Barrier	190	(1)
Position of Treatment	191	(1)
Treatment	192	(1)
Isometric Resistance	192	(1)
Treatment of Type II Lumbar Dysfunction	193	(1)
Flexed Lesions	194	(2)
Diagnosis	194	(1)
Rationale	195	(1)
Treatment	195	(1)
Type II Extended Lesions	196	(4)
Example	196	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	197	(1)
Movement Barrier	198	(1)
Position of Treatment	198	(1)
Isometric Resistance	199	(1)
Extended Lesions	200	(2)
Diagnosis	200	(1)
Rationale	200	(1)
Treatment	201	(1)
Biomechanical Dysfunction, Hypertonicity, and the Disc	202	(1)
Hypothesis	202	(1)
Disc Behavior During Simple Movements	202	(2)
Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Thoracic Spine	204	(17)
The Chest Cavity	204	(1)
Thoracic Spine Type I Dysfunction	204	(6)
Biomechanics	204	(1)
Diagnosis	205	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	206	(1)
Movement Barrier	207	(1)
Position of Treatment	207	(1)
Treatment	208	(1)
Isometric Resistance	209	(1)
Thoracic Spine Type II Dysfunction: Flexed Lesions	210	(4)
Example	210	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	211	(1)
Movement Barrier	212	(1)
Position of Treatment	212	(1)
Treatment	213	(1)
Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique for Flexed Lesions	214	(1)
Diagnosis	214	(1)
Treatment	214	(1)
Extended Lesions	215	(5)
Example	215	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	216	(1)
Movement Barrier	217	(1)
Position of Treatment	218	(1)
Treatment	219	(1)
Muscle Energy and ``Beyond'' Technique for Flexed Lesions	220	(1)
Diagnosis	220	(1)
Treatment	220	(1)
The Thoracolumbar Junction	221	(2)
Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Cervical Spine	223	(21)
Locating Cervical Spine Landmarks	223	(1)
About the Neck	223	(1)
Anterior Palpations	224	(1)
Type II Dysfunction of C2 to C7	224	(1)
Flexed Lesions: Cervicals 2 to 7	225	(5)
Diagnosis	225	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	226	(1)
Movement Barrier	227	(1)
Position of Treatment	228	(1)
Treatment	229	(1)
Extended Lesions: Cervicals 2 to 7	230	(5)
Diagnosis	230	(1)
Positonal Diagnosis	231	(1)
Movement Barrier	232	(1)
Position of Treatment	233	(1)
Treatment	234	(1)
The Craniocervical Junction	235	(3)
Dysfunction	236	(1)
Diagnosis	236	(1)
Rationale	237	(1)
Cervical Spine Superior Segments: Occipitoatlantal Joint (O/A)	238	(1)
Biomechanics	238	(1)
Convex-Concave Theory	238	(1)
Application Rationale	238	(1)
Diagnosis of Treatment	238	(1)
Treatment of the Occipitoatlantal Joints to Decompress the Craniocervical Junction	239	(5)
Rationale of Treatment for Biomechanical Dysfunction of the O/A Joints	241	(1)
Treatment of Biomechanical Dysfunction of the Occipitoatlantal Joint	242	(2)
The Rib Cage	244	(23)
Anterior Category	244	(1)
Posterior Category	244	(1)
The Sternochondral Joints	245	(5)
Positional Diagnosis	245	(1)
Movement Barrier	246	(1)
Treatment	246	(4)
The Costochondral Joints	250	(5)
Motion Palpation for the Muscle Barrier	250	(1)
Type I Dysfunction of the Costochondral Joint	251	(2)
Movement Barrier	253	(1)
Correlation with Respiratory Difficulty	253	(1)
Treatment	254	(1)
The Costovertebral Joints	255	(6)
Type I Dysfunction of the Costovertebral Joints	256	(1)
Muscle Barrier Palpation	257	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	257	(1)
Movement Barrier	258	(1)
Treatment	259	(2)
The Costotransverse Joint	261	(6)
Palpation of the Muscle Barrier	262	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	263	(1)
Movement Barrier	264	(1)
Treatment	265	(2)
The Hip Joint	267	(9)
Type II Movement of the Hip	267	(9)
Assessment	269	(2)
Positional Diagnosis	271	(1)
Movement Barrier	272	(1)
Position of Treatment	273	(1)
Treatment	274	(2)
The Knee Joint	276	(9)
Type II Knee Joint Dysfunction	276	(9)
Muscle Barrier	277	(1)
Type II Knee Joint Movements	278	(1)
Assessment	279	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	280	(1)
Movement Barrier	281	(1)
Position of treatment	282	(1)
Treatment	283	(2)
The Ankle Joint	285	(7)
Type II Ankle Joint Dysfunctions (Tibiotalar Joint)	287	(5)
Positional Diagnosis	288	(1)
Movement Barrier	289	(1)
Position of Treatment	290	(1)
Treatment	291	(1)
The Significance of Dorsiflexion for Spinal Motion	292	(3)
Manipulation of Tibiotalar Joint	293	(1)
Treatment	293	(1)
Manipulation of Subtalar Joint	294	(1)
Treatment	294	(1)
The Shoulder Girdle Joint	295	(22)
Assessment	300	(2)
Positional Diagnosis	302	(1)
Movement Barrier	303	(1)
Position of Treatment	304	(2)
Treatment	306	(1)
The Scapulothoracic Joint	307	(1)
The Sternoclavicular Joint	307	(9)
Type II Movements of the Sternoclavicular Joint	310	(1)
Positional Diagnosis	311	(1)
Movement Barrier	312	(1)
Position of Treatment	313	(2)
Treatment	315	(1)
The Acromioclavicular Joint	316	(1)
The Elbow Joint	317	(11)
The Radioulnar Joint	318	(4)
Assessment	318	(2)
Positional Diagnosis	320	(1)
Movement Barrier	320	(1)
Treatment	321	(1)
The Radiohumeral Joint	322	(3)
Positional Diagnosis	322	(2)
Movement Barrier	324	(1)
Treatment	324	(1)
The Humeroulnar Joint	325	(3)
Positional Diagnosis	325	(1)
Movement Barrier	326	(1)
Treatment	327	(1)
The Wrist Joint	328	(7)
Direct Accessory Movements	329	(6)
Positional Diagnosis	330	(1)
Movement Barrier	331	(1)
Treatment	332	(3)
References	335	(9)
Index	344