Intellectual Property

by Miller, Arthur Raphael; Davis, Michael H.

• ISBN13: 9780314235190
• ISBN10: 0314235191
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-09-01
• Publisher: West Group

Summary

Authors Michael Davis and famed Harvard professor Arthur Miller provide authoritative coverage on the foundations of patent protection, patentability, and the patenting process. Presents the fundamentals of trademarks and copyright laws. Text further addresses torts and property, antitrust and government regulation, concepts of federalism and state, and federal conflicts.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	iii
Research References	xv
Table of Cases	xix
Introduction	1	(3)
PART I. PATENTS
The Foundations of Patent Protection	4	(16)
Origins and Development of United States Patent Law	4	(6)
Patent Basics	10	(6)
The Two Theories of Patent Protection	16	(4)
The Subject Matter of Patents	20	(20)
Ideas v. Applications	20	(1)
The Statutory Scheme	21	(4)
Processes as Subject Matter Apart From Products	25	(3)
The Boundaries of the Three Product Categories	28	(1)
Compositions of Matter	29	(1)
Manufacture	30	(1)
Machines	31	(1)
Computer-Related Patents	32	(3)
Orphan Drug Act	35	(1)
Plant and Design Patents	36	(4)
Patentability-Novelty and Statutory Bar	40	(27)
Overview	40	(4)
Foreign Anticipation	44	(1)
Domestic Anticipation	45	(2)
References to Prior Publications	47	(3)
Substantial and Realized Anticipation	50	(3)
Statutory Bar	53	(2)
The Policies of Statutory Bar	55	(2)
Publicity and Limited Disclosures	57	(4)
Competing Claims to Novelty by Two or More Inventors-Priority	61	(6)
Patentability-Utility	67	(4)
Qualitative Utility	67	(1)
Presumed Utility	68	(3)
Patentability-Nonobviousness	71	(26)
Overview	71	(4)
Invention and Nonobviousness	75	(3)
Negative Rules of Invention	78	(3)
The Statutory Test	81	(5)
Nonobviousness and Novelty	86	(1)
The Secondary Considerations	87	(5)
The Importation of Section 102 Prior Art into Section 103	92	(5)
Double--Patenting	97	(4)
Attempts to Extend the Patent Monopoly	97	(2)
Terminal Disclaimer	99	(2)
The Patenting Process	101	(27)
Overview	101	(2)
Provisional Patent Applications	102	(1)
The Patentee	103	(1)
Joint Invention	104	(3)
Prosecuting a Patent Application	107	(3)
The Specifications and Claims	110	(3)
The Limits of Agency Discretion	113	(2)
Claims Drafting	115	(3)
The Duty of Candor	118	(4)
Publication of Patent Applications	121	(1)
Reissue and Reexamination	122	(2)
Judicial Review	124	(4)
Infringement	128	(18)
Overview	128	(1)
File Wrapper Estoppel	129	(1)
Claim Interpretation-Differentiation, Literality, and Equivalence	130	(3)
The Patent Rights	133	(1)
Direct, Indirect, and Contributory Infringement	134	(5)
Repair and Reconstruction	139	(2)
Infringement DefensesMisuse	141	(3)
Prior User Defense	144	(2)
Remedies	146	(4)
Overview	146	(1)
Injunctive Relief	147	(1)
Damages	147	(1)
Attorneys' Fees	148	(1)
Eleventh Amendment Immunity	148	(2)
Patent Law and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation	150	(4)
Overview	150	(4)
PART II. TRADEMARKS
The Foundations of Trademark Protection	154	(10)
Origins and Development of Trademark Law	154	(3)
Common Law Trademark	157	(3)
Federal Registration	160	(4)
Distinctiveness	164	(24)
Overview	164	(1)
Different Markets	165	(2)
Prior Use	167	(4)
Secondary Meaning and Descriptiveness	171	(8)
The Bars Against Surnames, Geographic Marks, and Immoral Marks	179	(7)
The Supplemental Register	186	(2)
Dilution and the Expansion of Trademark Doctrine	188	(13)
Overview	188	(1)
Trademarks and Goodwill	189	(3)
Likelihood of Expansion	192	(4)
The Interests Protected	196	(3)
State Antidilution Statutes	199	(1)
The Federal Antidilution Statute	200	(1)
Loss of Trademark Protection and Partial Protection	201	(23)
Partial Rights	201	(4)
The Rights of a Senior Registrant Against a Preregistration User	205	(1)
The Rights of a Junior Registrant Against a Preregistration User	206	(2)
Concurrent Registration	208	(5)
Abandonment	213	(4)
Incontestability	217	(7)
Trademark Practice	224	(15)
Overview	224	(4)
First Use in Commerce	228	(9)
Standing	237	(2)
Subject Matter	239	(21)
Overview	239	(1)
Certification Marks	240	(4)
Collective Marks	244	(2)
Service Marks	246	(2)
Primary Purpose	248	(3)
The Functional Bar	251	(3)
Color	254	(1)
Section 43	255	(5)
Infringement	260	(20)
Overview	260	(2)
Similarity of Marks	262	(2)
Similarity of Goods or Services	264	(3)
Character and Similarity of Markets	267	(5)
Subsidiary Evidence of Likelihood of Confusion	272	(3)
DefensesFair and Collateral Use	275	(3)
Gray Market Goods	278	(1)
Eleventh Amendment Immunity	279	(1)
Remedies	280	(5)
Overview	280	(1)
Injunctive Relief	280	(1)
Accounting	281	(2)
Damages	283	(1)
Attorneys' Fees	283	(2)
PART III. COPYRIGHT
Foundations of Copyright Protection	285	(10)
Origins and Development of Copyright Law	285	(3)
The Copyright Acts	288	(2)
The Common Law-Statutory Copyright Distinction and the 1976 Act	290	(2)
Copyright Basics	292	(3)
The Subject Matter of Copyright	295	(28)
Originality	295	(5)
Copyrightable Works	300	(6)
Noncopyrightable Works	306	(1)
Writings and Fixation	307	(3)
Computer Programs	310	(4)
Semiconductor Chip Protection Act	314	(1)
Sound Recordings	315	(6)
Copyright Formalities-Registration and Notice	321	(2)
Exclusive Rights	323	(17)
Introduction	323	(1)
Reproduction	324	(1)
Derivative Works	325	(2)
Distribution	327	(3)
Performance	330	(6)
Display	336	(1)
Digital Transmission Performance	337	(1)
Other Rights in Advanced and Digital Technologies	338	(2)
Infringement	340	(14)
Overview	340	(2)
Proof of Infringement	342	(4)
Infringement of Musical Works	346	(3)
Infringement of Literary Works	349	(5)
Fair Use	354	(22)
Overview	354	(1)
The Dynamics of Fair Use	355	(3)
Purpose and Character of the Use	358	(2)
Nature of the Work	360	(3)
The Proportional Amount and Substance of the Use	363	(3)
The Effect on the Original Author's Economic Market	366	(1)
Parody, Burlesque, and Satire	367	(2)
Fair Use and Free Speech	369	(2)
Photocopying	371	(2)
The Functional-Equivalents or Transformative-Use Test	373	(3)
Ownership	376	(23)
The Copyright and the Material Object	376	(1)
Multiple Claims to Authorship	377	(6)
The Rights of Coauthors	383	(1)
Duration of Ownership	384	(2)
Termination of Transfers	386	(5)
Works for Hire	391	(3)
Preexisting Works	394	(5)
Formal Requirements	399	(8)
Registration	399	(5)
Notice	404	(3)
Remedies	407	(8)
Injunctive Relief	407	(1)
Damages and Profits	408	(3)
Impoundment	411	(1)
Criminal Penalties	412	(1)
Attorneys' Fees and Costs	413	(1)
Eleventh Amendment Immunity	414	(1)
Copyright Laws and the Intersection of State and Federal Regulation	415	(15)
Preemption	415	(5)
State Remedies	420	(4)
Other Federal Remedies	424	(1)
Moral Rights and the Berne Convention	425	(5)
International Agreements	430	(9)
Overview	430	(1)
National Treatment and Minimum Standards	431	(1)
Non-Self-Executing Force and Reservations	432	(1)
Copyright Treaties	433	(1)
Patent Treaties	434	(1)
Trademark Treaties	435	(1)
GATT, NAFTA, and TRIPS	436	(1)
Special Section 301	437	(2)
Index	439