Intellectual Property Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights

by Stim, Richard W.

• ISBN13: 9780766826656
• ISBN10: 0766826651
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-10-16
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This book introduces readers to the origins of copyright law, the extent of trademark rights, and what is patentable. It covers such topics as rights granted under copyright, principles of fair use, the first sale doctrine, issues of ownership, copyright registration, and securing Internet domains. It is written for legal assistants and paralegals working in the intellectual property field. It includes step-by-step information to use and register the various forms required in intellectual property law, including trademark and copyright application as well as supporting documentation such as assignments and declarations. This comprehensive reference is a valuable resource for professionals specializing in the area of intellectual property.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Acknowledgments	xix
Table of Cases	xxiii
Intellectual Property: An Introduction	1	(20)
Commentary	1	(1)
Objectives	2	(1)
Intellectual Property Law	2	(8)
Patent Law	3	(1)
Copyright Law	4	(1)
Trademark Law	5	(1)
Trade Secret Law	6	(1)
The Right of Publicity	6	(2)
An Intellectual Property Profile: Walt Disney	8	(2)
Paralegal Tasks in Intellectual Property Law	10	(4)
Patent	10	(2)
Copyright	12	(1)
Trade Secrets	12	(1)
Trademarks	12	(1)
The Interllectual Property Audit	13	(1)
Ethical Obligations of the Paralegal in Intellectual Property Law	14	(7)
Confidentiality	14	(1)
Conflict of Interest	15	(1)
Unauthorized Practice of Law	15	(2)
Summary	17	(1)
Notes	18	(3)
Principles of Copyrights	21	(24)
Commentary	22	(1)
Objectives	22	(1)
Sources of Copyright Law	22	(4)
Federal Preemption	23	(1)
Copyright Office	23	(1)
Federal Courts	24	(1)
Copyright Act of 1909	24	(1)
Copyright Act of 1976	25	(1)
Computer Software Amendments	25	(1)
Berne Convention Implementation Act	25	(1)
GATT Amendments	26	(1)
Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act	26	(1)
Digital Millennium Copyright Act	26	(1)
What is Protectible Under Copyright Law?	26	(2)
Originality	27	(1)
Fixation	27	(1)
Separating the Copyrightable Work from the Physical Object	28	(1)
The Eight Categories of Works of Authorship	28	(5)
Literary Works	29	(1)
Dramatic Works	29	(1)
Pantomimes and Choreographic Works	29	(1)
Pictorial, Graphic, and Sculptural Works	30	(1)
Motion Pictures and Audiovisual Works	30	(1)
Architectural Works	30	(1)
Musical Works	31	(1)
Sound Recordings	31	(2)
Derivative Works and Compilations	33	(3)
Derivative Works	33	(2)
When Fictional Characters Merge with Real People	35	(1)
Compilations and Collective Works	35	(1)
What is not Protectible Under Copyright Law?	36	(9)
Ideas	36	(2)
Useful Articles	38	(1)
Inventions, Methods, and Processes	39	(1)
Facts	39	(1)
Names, Titles, or Short Phrases	39	(1)
Typefaces	40	(1)
The Public Domain	40	(1)
Summary	41	(1)
Notes	42	(3)
Copyrights: Rights and Limitations	45	(34)
Commentary	46	(1)
Objectives	46	(1)
Grant of Exclusive Rights	47	(7)
Right to Reproduce the Work	47	(1)
Right to Distribute the Work to the Public	48	(1)
The First Sale Doctrine: Limitations on the Distribution Right	48	(1)
Right to Adapt the Work: Right to Prepare Derivative Works	49	(2)
Right of Public Performance	51	(2)
Right to Display the Work Publicly	53	(1)
Works of Visual Arts: Moral Rights	53	(1)
Fair Use	54	(9)
Purpose and Character of the Use	56	(1)
Nature of the Copyrighted Work	56	(1)
Amount and Substantiality of Portion Used	57	(1)
Effect of the Use on the Potential Market	57	(1)
Effect of Acknowledgment of Source Material	57	(1)
Fair Use Cases	58	(1)
Parody as Fair Use	59	(1)
Parody Cases	60	(2)
Fair Use Guidelines	62	(1)
Educational Fair Use Guidelines	62	(1)
Music: Limitations on Musical Works and Sound Recordings	63	(5)
Limits on Exclusive Rights in Sound Recordings	63	(1)
No Right to Rent Phonorecords	63	(1)
Performance in Conjunction with Retail Sale of Phonorecords	64	(1)
Ephemeral Recordings	64	(1)
Recording Musical Works: Compulsory License for Phonorecords	64	(1)
Coin-Operated Phonorecord Players: Jukebox Compulsory License	65	(1)
Broadcasting and Downloading over the Internet	65	(1)
Record Companies' and Performer's Rights---Antibootlegging	66	(1)
Sampling	66	(1)
Other Limitations Regarding Musical Works and Sound Recordings	66	(2)
Software Protection	68	(3)
The Shrink-Wrap Agreement	68	(1)
Limited Right to Make Copies of Computer Programs	69	(1)
Right of Computer Repair Person to Make a Copy	69	(1)
Are Shareware and Freeware Protected under Copyright Law?	69	(1)
Can a Purchaser Modify a Software Program for a Particular Purpose?	70	(1)
Is It Permissible to Share a Software Program over a Network?	70	(1)
Is It Permissible to Rent a Computer Program?	70	(1)
Semiconductor Chip Protection	70	(1)
The Internet: New Issues for Copyright Protection	71	(8)
Is It a Violation of Copyright Law to Download an Image or Text from the Internet?	71	(1)
Giving It Away---Liability for Free Downloads	71	(1)
Framed Links as Infringing Works	72	(1)
Method for Internet Service Providers to Avoid Liability	72	(1)
How Will Copyright Owners Protect Rights on the Internet?	72	(1)
Obtaining Permission to Use or Display Copyrighted Material?	73	(1)
Summary	73	(1)
Notes	74	(5)
Copyright Ownership	79	(38)
Commentary	80	(1)
Objectives	80	(1)
Ownership of Copyright	80	(1)
Registration Does Not Prove Ownership	81	(1)
Ownership of a Copy Does Not Establish Rights	81	(1)
Joint Authorship and Co-Ownership	81	(4)
Determining the Value of Each Author's Contribution	82	(1)
Other Forms of Co-Ownership of Copyright	82	(1)
Co-Owners Are Tenants in Common	83	(1)
All Co-Owners Must Consent: Exclusive License	83	(1)
Death of a Co-Owner	84	(1)
Ownership of Copyright in Collective Works	85	(1)
Contribution to a Collective Work	85	(1)
Distinguishing Between a Contribution to a Collective Work and Joint Authorship	85	(1)
Works Made for Hire	85	(9)
Works Prepared by an Employee Within the Scope of Employment	87	(3)
Commissioned Works	90	(4)
Duration of Copyright	94	(5)
The Copyright Act of 1909	94	(2)
The Copyright Act of 1976	96	(3)
Transfer of Ownership	99	(5)
Transfer by Written Agreement	99	(3)
Transfers Other Than by Written Agreement	102	(1)
Recording Transfers of Copyright Ownership	103	(1)
Terminating Transfers	104	(5)
Grants Made on or after January 1, 1978	104	(2)
Terminating Grants for Works Registered under the Copyright Act of 1909	106	(3)
Researching Copyright Status	109	(8)
Obtaining Copies of Copyright Office Records	109	(1)
Obtaining Copies of Deposits	110	(1)
Investigating Copyright Status	111	(1)
Summary	112	(1)
Notes	113	(4)
Copyright Formalities and Registration	117	(56)
Commentary	118	(1)
Objectives	118	(1)
Notice of Copyright	119	(7)
Notice Required on Visually Perceptible Copies	119	(1)
Form of Copyright Notice	119	(2)
Derivative Works	121	(1)
Collective Works and Contributions to Collective Works	122	(1)
Sound Recordings	122	(1)
Works Using U.S. Government Publications	123	(1)
Unpublished Works	123	(1)
Placement of Copyright Notice	124	(2)
Omission of Copyright Notice	126	(3)
Works Published under the Copyright Act of 1909	126	(1)
Works Published Between January 1, 1978, and March 1, 1989	127	(1)
Works Published on or after March 1, 1989	128	(1)
Registration of Copyright	129	(4)
The Basic Registration	129	(1)
Registration Creates Presumption of Ownership and Validity	130	(1)
Registration as Prerequisite to Filing an Infringement Lawsuit	130	(2)
Registration as Prerequisite to Recovery of Statutory Damages and Attorney Fees	132	(1)
When Registration Is Required: Correction of Notice Omission	132	(1)
Expediting Registration	133	(1)
Preparing the Copyright Application	133	(18)
Choosing the Correct Application Form	135	(2)
Space 1: Title of the Work; Previous or Alternate Titles	137	(1)
Space 2: Author	138	(2)
Space 3: Creation and Publication	140	(2)
Space 4: The Copyright Claimant	142	(1)
Space 5: Previous Registration	143	(1)
Space 6: Derivative Work or Compilation	144	(2)
Space 7: Deposit Account	146	(3)
Correspondence	149	(1)
Certification	149	(1)
Mailing Information	150	(1)
Fee	150	(1)
Application Cover Letter	150	(1)
Responding to the Copyright Office	150	(1)
Effective Date of Registration	150	(1)
Certificate of Registration	151	(1)
Duplicate Certificates	151	(1)
Special Situations	151	(11)
Websites	152	(1)
Multimedia Works	153	(2)
Computer Programs	155	(2)
Sound Recordings	157	(2)
Motion Pictures and Video Recordings	159	(2)
Architectural Works	161	(1)
Secure Tests	162	(1)
Deposit Requirements	162	(2)
Complete Copies	163	(1)
Best Edition	163	(1)
Determining the Number of Copies to Deposit	164	(1)
Special Relief	164	(1)
Motion Pictures	164	(1)
Correcting or Supplementing the Copyright Registration	164	(2)
Cancellation of Completed Registrations	166	(1)
Recordation of Transfers and Other Documents	167	(6)
Fee and Cover Letter	167	(1)
Unacceptable Documents	168	(1)
Summary	168	(2)
Notes	170	(3)
Copyright Disputes and International Copyright Law	173	(50)
Commentary	174	(1)
Objectives	174	(1)
Elements of Infringement	175	(7)
Ownership of Copyright	175	(1)
Access to the Copyrighted Work	175	(1)
Substantial Similarity	176	(3)
Special Issues in Infringement Cases	179	(2)
Myths Regarding Infringement	181	(1)
Liability for Infringement	182	(3)
Infringer's Intent	183	(1)
Contributory Infringement	183	(2)
Defenses to Infringement	185	(4)
Attacking Ownership and Validity of Copyright	185	(1)
Attacking Access	186	(1)
Attacking Substantial Similarity	186	(1)
Fair Use	187	(1)
Merger Doctrine	188	(1)
Copying Is De Minimis	188	(1)
Estoppel	188	(1)
Unclean Hands	188	(1)
Laches	189	(1)
Statute of Limitations	189	(1)
Defendant Believes Author Has Been Dead More Than 70 Years	189	(1)
Remedies for Copyright Infringement	189	(6)
Writ of Seizure	190	(1)
Injunctions	190	(2)
Damages	192	(1)
Impoundment and Destruction of Infringing Articles	193	(1)
Attorney Fees	193	(1)
Criminal Prosecution	194	(1)
Resolving the Infringement Dispute Prior to Litigation	195	(3)
Registration	195	(1)
The Cease and Desist Letter	195	(3)
Alternative Dispute Resolution	198	(1)
Settlement	198	(1)
Copyright Litigation	198	(17)
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Local Rules	200	(1)
Exclusive Federal Jurisdiction	200	(1)
Venue	200	(1)
The Copyright Complaint	201	(5)
Additional Claims	206	(1)
Declaratory Relief	206	(3)
Answer	209	(1)
Counterclaims	209	(1)
Discovery	210	(1)
Motions	211	(1)
Expert Witnesses	211	(1)
Trial	211	(1)
Appeal	212	(1)
Litigation Checklists	213	(2)
International Copyright Laws	215	(8)
Berne Convention	216	(1)
Universal Copyright Convention	216	(1)
Buenos Aires Convention of 1910	217	(1)
GATT	217	(1)
Where Can a U.S. Copyright Owner Sue Foreign Infringers?	217	(1)
Summary	218	(2)
Notes	220	(3)
Trade Secrets	223	(36)
Commentary	224	(1)
Objectives	224	(1)
What is Protectible as a Trade Secret?	224	(7)
Statutes and Contract Law	225	(1)
Sources of Trade Secret Law	226	(1)
Examples of Trade Secrets	227	(1)
Information Not Generally Known or Ascertainable	228	(1)
Information Has Economic Value	228	(1)
Trade Secrets and Copyright	229	(1)
Trade Secrets and Patents	229	(1)
What Is Not Protected under Trade Secret Law?	230	(1)
The Clean Room	230	(1)
Reverse Engineering	231	(1)
Maintaining Trade Secrets	231	(9)
Physical Security	232	(1)
Employee Limitations	233	(1)
Employee Confidentiality Agreements	233	(1)
The Departing Employee	234	(2)
Third-Party or Independent Contractor Confidentiality	236	(1)
Disclosure by U.S. Government	236	(2)
Noncompetition Provisions (Covenants Not to Compete)	238	(1)
Customer Lists	239	(1)
Protecting a Submission (Protecting and Idea)	240	(3)
Trade Secret Litigation	243	(16)
Misappropriation and Improper Means	243	(1)
Breach of Contract	244	(1)
Jurisdiction	244	(1)
Applying State Law	245	(1)
Rules of Civil Procedure	245	(1)
The Trade Secret Complaint	246	(1)
Statute of Limitations	246	(1)
Injunctive Relief	246	(1)
Damages and Attorney Fees	247	(1)
Disclosure of Trade Secrets During Litigation	247	(3)
Declaratory Relief	250	(1)
Discovery	250	(1)
Pretrial Preparation	250	(2)
Litigation Checklists	252	(3)
Summary	255	(1)
Notes	256	(3)
Principles of Trademarks	259	(26)
Commentary	260	(1)
Objectives	260	(1)
Trademarks and Unfair Competition	261	(8)
Unfair Competition	261	(1)
Trademarks and Service Marks	261	(1)
Goodwill	262	(1)
Trade Names	262	(1)
Domain Names	263	(1)
Trade Dress	264	(1)
Product Shapes (Product Configurations)	264	(1)
Trademark Infringement	264	(1)
Dilution	265	(1)
Federal Trademark Law and the Lanham Act	265	(1)
Trademark Law Revision Act of 1988	266	(1)
TRIPS Amendments	267	(1)
Federal Trademark Dilution Act	267	(1)
Trademark Law Treaty Implementation Act of 1998 (TLTIA)	267	(1)
Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act of 1999	267	(1)
State Trademark Law and the Model Trademark Act	268	(1)
The Patent and Trademark Office	268	(1)
Acquiring Trademark Rights	269	(3)
Goods and Services	269	(1)
Date of First Use in Commerce	270	(1)
Abandonment	271	(1)
Types of Marks	272	(4)
Names, Words, Numbers, and Domain Names	272	(1)
Logos, Symbols, and Devices	273	(1)
Colors and Scents	273	(1)
Characters	274	(1)
Trademarks: Using the Mark with Goods	274	(1)
Service Marks: Using the Mark in Conjunction with a Service	274	(1)
Collective Marks	275	(1)
Certification Marks	275	(1)
Multiple Marks	275	(1)
Strong Marks Versus Weak Marks	276	(4)
Inherently Distinctive Marks: Strong Marks	277	(1)
Descriptive Marks: Weak Marks	278	(2)
What is Not Protectible as a Trademark?	280	(5)
Generic Terms	280	(1)
Literary and Movie Titles	281	(1)
Functional Features	281	(1)
Descriptive Marks	282	(1)
Summary	282	(1)
Notes	283	(2)
Trademarks: Selection, Evaluation, and Registration	285	(74)
Commentary	286	(1)
Objectives	286	(1)
Selecting and Evaluating a Trademark	287	(13)
Eliminate the Generic	288	(1)
Analyze the Competition	288	(1)
Review Multi-Language Marks	288	(1)
Avoid Marks Protected by Federal Statute	289	(1)
Trademark Evaluation Form	289	(2)
Identification of Elements of Mark	291	(1)
Strength or Weakness of Proposed Mark	291	(1)
Trademark Owner's Duty to Search	291	(1)
Two Levels of Searching: Preliminary Searching and Professional Searching	292	(1)
PTO Web Trademark Database	292	(1)
Fee-Based Online Trademark Databases	293	(1)
Advantages of Fee-Based Search Engines Over the PTO Database	294	(1)
Preliminary Searches of Common-Law Marks	295	(1)
Trade Publications, Directories, and Online Databases	295	(1)
International Considerations	296	(1)
Domain Name Searching	296	(1)
Trademark Search Reports	296	(1)
Analyzing Trademark Research Reports	297	(1)
Informing Client of Results	297	(1)
Resolving Potential Conflicts	298	(2)
Federal Registration	300	(6)
State or Federal Registration?	300	(1)
Benefits of Federal Registration	301	(1)
Statutory Bars to Registration	302	(2)
Supplemental Register	304	(1)
Actual Use and Bona Fide Intent to Use	305	(1)
Application for Federal Registration	306	(53)
TEAS: The Next Generation of Trademark Applications	306	(1)
Federal Trademark Application	307	(6)
Identification of the Mark	313	(1)
Identification of Class	314	(7)
The Applicant	321	(2)
Identification of Goods and Services	323	(2)
Bases for Application	325	(1)
Use in Commerce: Dates of First Use and Type of Commerce	326	(2)
Foreign Meanings	328	(1)
Disclaimers	328	(1)
Surnames	329	(1)
Proof of Secondary Meaning; Distinctiveness	330	(1)
Declaration	330	(2)
Intent-to-Use Declarations	332	(1)
Power of Attorney	332	(1)
Domestic Representative	333	(1)
Intent-to-Use Application	333	(3)
Drawing	336	(2)
Specimen	338	(1)
Applications for Collective Marks	339	(1)
Applications for Certification Marks	340	(1)
Section 44 Applications	340	(2)
Applications on the Supplemental Register	342	(2)
Fee	344	(1)
Filing Receipt	344	(2)
Application Process	346	(1)
Monitoring Trademark Status	346	(1)
Examination Process	346	(2)
Responding to an Office Objection	348	(1)
Publication	349	(1)
Certificate of Registration	350	(1)
Additional Requirements for Intent-to-Use Applicants	351	(3)
State Registration	354	(1)
Summary	354	(1)
Notes	355	(4)
Trademark: Administration, Protection, and International Law	359	(62)
Commentary	360	(1)
Objectives	360	(1)
Trademark Protection and Maintenance	361	(17)
Maintaining Trademark Files	361	(1)
Proper Trademark Usage: The Company Handbook	362	(1)
Notice Provisions	362	(2)
Calendaring	364	(1)
Section 8 Declaration: Continued Use	365	(2)
Section 15 Declaration: Incontestability	367	(2)
Section 9 Application for Renewal	369	(1)
Abandonment	369	(3)
Genericide	372	(1)
Using Other Trademarks	373	(1)
Using Other Trademarks in a Website	374	(1)
Domain Name Disputes	375	(2)
Policing the Mark	377	(1)
Ownership of Trademarks	378	(5)
Trademark Licensing	378	(4)
Trademark Assignment	382	(1)
Recording Assignments	383	(1)
Inter Partes Proceedings	383	(7)
Opposition	385	(2)
Petition to Cancel	387	(1)
Answering the Notice or Petition	388	(1)
Inter Partes Proceeding: Discovery, Motions, and Trial	389	(1)
Interference Proceedings	390	(1)
Concurrent Use Proceedings	390	(1)
Likelihood of Confusion	390	(3)
Strength of the Mark	391	(1)
Similarity of the Marks	391	(1)
Similarity of the Goods	391	(1)
Degree of Care Exercised by the Consumer	392	(1)
Defendant's Intent	393	(1)
Actual Confusion	393	(1)
Related Trademark Claims	393	(3)
Dilution	394	(1)
Section 43(a) False Advertising (Unfair Competition)	395	(1)
Common-Law Unfair Competition Claims	396	(1)
Defenses to Infringement	396	(2)
Use of Generic Terms	396	(1)
Abandonment	397	(1)
Lack of Secondary Meaning	397	(1)
Fraud in Obtaining Trademark Registration	397	(1)
Estoppel	397	(1)
Unclean Hands	397	(1)
Laches	398	(1)
Remedies for Trademark Infringement	398	(2)
Injunctions	398	(1)
Damages	399	(1)
Impoundment and Destruction of Infringing Articles	400	(1)
Fraudulent Representation in a Trademark Registration	400	(1)
Resolving the Infringement Dispute Prior to Litigation	400	(3)
The Cease and Desist Letter	401	(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution	401	(1)
Settlement	402	(1)
Trademark Litigation	403	(11)
The Gallo Case	403	(1)
Rules of Civil Procedure	404	(1)
Jurisdiction	405	(1)
Venue	405	(1)
The Trademark Infringement Complaint	405	(1)
Declaratory Relief	406	(1)
The Answer	406	(4)
Counterclaims	410	(1)
Discovery	410	(1)
Motion for Preliminary Injunction	410	(1)
Motion for Summary Judgment	411	(1)
Expert Witnesses	411	(1)
Pretrial Activities	411	(1)
The Trial	411	(1)
Litigation Checklists	411	(3)
International Trademark Laws	414	(7)
Differences in Foreign Protection	414	(1)
Paris Convention	415	(1)
European Community Treaty	415	(1)
Madrid Agreement and Madrid Protocol	416	(1)
Foreign Trademark Licensing	416	(1)
Summary	417	(1)
Notes	418	(3)
Patents: Rights and Limitations	421	(44)
Commentary	422	(1)
Objectives	422	(1)
Sources of Patent Law	422	(3)
Federal Law and Preemption	423	(1)
The Patent and Trademark Office	424	(1)
Registered Attorneys and Agents	424	(1)
Subject Matter of Patents	425	(9)
Utility Patents	425	(2)
Plant Patents	427	(2)
Design Patents	429	(2)
Computer Software, Business Methods, and Patent Protection	431	(3)
Rights Under Patent Law	434	(4)
Patent Term: Length of Patent Protection	434	(1)
First to Invent (Priority of Invention)	435	(1)
Disclosure Document Program	436	(1)
Patent Claims	436	(1)
Doctrine of Equivalents	437	(1)
Patent Suppression	438	(1)
Patent Requirements	438	(4)
Statutory Classes	438	(1)
Usefulness	439	(1)
Novelty and Prior Art	439	(1)
Nonobviousness	440	(2)
Limitations on Patent Rights	442	(8)
One-Year Grace Period/On-Sale Bar	442	(3)
Patent Misuse	445	(1)
Exhaustion Doctrine	446	(1)
File Wrapper/Prosection History Estoppel	447	(1)
Regulatory Testing	448	(1)
Reverse Doctrine of Equivalents	448	(1)
Inequitable Conduct/Fraud on Patent Office	449	(1)
Duration of Patent Rights	449	(1)
Patent Ownership	450	(15)
Joint Ownership	450	(1)
University Employees	451	(1)
Government Ownership	451	(1)
Employee Inventions	451	(3)
Commissioned Inventions	454	(1)
Assignments and Licenses	454	(7)
Summary	461	(1)
Notes	462	(3)
Patents: Research, Applications, Disputes, and International Considerations	465	(52)
Commentary	466	(1)
Objectives	466	(1)
Patent Search Process	467	(5)
Novelty Search	467	(1)
Search Request	467	(2)
Independent Patent Searching	469	(1)
Computer Searching	470	(2)
Patent Application Process	472	(16)
Specification	473	(1)
Cross-References	473	(1)
Background	473	(1)
Summary of Invention	474	(1)
Claims	475	(1)
Drawings	476	(1)
Declaration	477	(1)
Power of Attorney	477	(1)
Information Disclosure Statement	477	(1)
Provisional Patent Application	478	(1)
Small Entity Declaration Form	479	(1)
Assignment	479	(1)
Transmittal Letter and Mailing	480	(2)
Petition to Make Special	482	(1)
Filing Fees	482	(1)
Checklist for Patent Application	482	(1)
Prosecution of the Patent Application	483	(1)
Publication of Pending Applications	484	(1)
Continuation and Divisional Applications	484	(1)
Reissue Patent	485	(1)
Patent Interference	485	(1)
Maintenance Fees	486	(1)
Patent Notice	487	(1)
Design Patent Applications	487	(1)
Reexamination	487	(1)
Patent Infringement	488	(5)
Literal Infringement	489	(1)
Doctrine of Equivalents	489	(1)
Improvement Infringement	489	(1)
Inducing Infringement and Contributory Infringement	490	(1)
Willful Infringement	490	(1)
Design Patent Infringement	491	(1)
Affirmative Defenses	491	(1)
Time Limit for Recovering Patent Infringement Damages	491	(1)
Burden of Proof	491	(1)
Damages and Attorney Fees	492	(1)
Patent Litigation	493	(17)
Cease and Desist Letter	494	(1)
Jurisdiction	494	(1)
Venue	494	(1)
The Patent Infringement Complaint	495	(1)
Drafting the Complaint	496	(2)
Additional Claims	498	(2)
Declaratory Relief	500	(1)
Answer	501	(2)
Counterclaims	503	(1)
Injunctions	503	(1)
Protective Orders	504	(1)
Expert Witnesses	504	(1)
Pretrial Activities	504	(2)
Trial	506	(1)
Appeal	507	(1)
Alternative Dispute Resolution	507	(2)
Litigation Checklists	509	(1)
International Patent Laws	510	(7)
Patent Treaties	511	(1)
International Patent Laws Compared to U.S. Law	512	(1)
Locating Foreign Patent Agents	513	(1)
Summary	513	(1)
Notes	513	(4)
Appendix A Copyright Office Circulars and Form Letters	517	(2)
U.S. Copyright Office, Information Circulars	517	(1)
Form Letters and SLs	518	(1)
Appendix B Copyright Search Report: Stephen King's The Shining	519	(7)
Appendix C Copyright Forms	526	(35)
Form TX	527	(2)
Form PA	529	(4)
Form VA	533	(4)
Form SR	537	(4)
Form SE	541	(4)
Form SE/Group	545	(2)
Form CA	547	(4)
Form GR/CP	551	(4)
Form RE	555	(4)
Continuation Sheet for Application Forms	559	(2)
Appendix D Trade Secrets	561	(3)
The Uniform Trade Secrets Act	561	(2)
States That Have Adopted Some Version of the UTSA	563	(1)
Appendix E Sample Trademark Search	564	(21)
Appendix F Trademarks	585	(49)
Federal Trademark Forms	585	(43)
Trademark/Service Mark Application	586	(8)
Collective Membership Mark Application	594	(2)
Certification Mark Application	596	(2)
Combined Declaration of Use and Incontestability under Sections 8 and 15	598	(5)
Allegation of Use	603	(3)
Opposition to Registration	606	(1)
Declaration of Use under Section 8	607	(5)
Declaration of Incontestability under Section 15	612	(5)
Application for Renewal under Section 9	617	(5)
Recordation Form Cover Sheet and Guidelines for Completing Recordation Cover Sheet	622	(6)
State Trademark and Antidilution Statutes	628	(2)
State Trademark Offices: Secretary of State	630	(4)
Appendix G Patent Directory Libraries	634	(4)
Appendix H Resources	638	(3)
Glossary	641	(11)
Index	652