Interior Design and Decoration

by Whiton, Sherrill; Abercrombie, Stanley

• ISBN13: 9780130307484
• ISBN10: 0130307483
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For undergraduate courses in Interior Design. Addressing interior design and decoration from the ancients to the moderns, this text describes the dominant influences of fashion design and focuses on the close relationship between interior design and the architecture of our times.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxv
PART 1 THE ANCIENT WORLD
Design Before History (before 3400 B.C.)	1	(10)
The Arts of Prehistory	2	(2)
Vocabulary Describing Dates	3	(1)
The Stone Ages	4	(5)
The Old Stone Age and Its Art	4	(2)
The New Stone Age, Its Art, and Its Architectural Forms	6	(1)
The Beginnings of the City	6	(1)
Timeline The Prehistoric Era	7	(2)
Summary: Prehistoric Design	9	(2)
Looking for Character	9	(1)
Looking for Quality	10	(1)
Making Comparisons	10	(1)
From Prehistory to History	10	(1)
Egypt (4500 B.C.-A.D. 30)	11	(23)
The Nature of Egypt and Its Influence on the Art of Egypt	12	(1)
The History of Egypt	13	(7)
Vocabulary Egyptian Names	13	(1)
Discovering Egyptian History	14	(1)
Measuring Egyptian History: Kingdoms, Dynasties, and Pharaohs	14	(1)
Beliefs Expressed in Stone: Egyptian Monumental Architecture	14	(1)
Timeline Egypt	15	(3)
Vocabulary ``Stylar'' Terms	18	(1)
Beliefs Expressed in Symbols: Egyptian Ornament	19	(1)
The Egyptian House	20	(1)
Egyptian Furniture	21	(6)
The Furniture of Queen Hetepheres	21	(1)
The Furniture of King Tutankhamun	22	(2)
Other Furniture	24	(3)
Egyptian Decorative Arts	27	(5)
Painting	27	(1)
Sculpture	28	(1)
Pottery	28	(1)
Woodworking	29	(1)
Weaving	30	(1)
Glass and Egyptian Faience	31	(1)
Vocabulary Egyptian Faience	31	(1)
Summary: The Design of Ancient Egypt	32	(2)
The Ancient Near East (2800-331 B.C.)	34	(12)
Determinants of the Near Eastern Culture and Its Art	36	(1)
Geography	36	(1)
Religion	36	(1)
Natural Assets	37	(1)
Four Players on the Near Eastern Stage	37	(3)
The Sumerians (c. 2800-c. 2003 B.C.)	37	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for the Ancient Near East	38	(1)
The Babylonians (c. 2003-c. 1171 B.C.)	38	(1)
The Assyrians (884-612 B.C.)	39	(1)
Timeline The Ancient Near East	39	(1)
The Persians (538-331 B.C.)	39	(1)
The Architecture of the Ancient Near East	40	(2)
The Royal Citadel at Persepolis (518-460 B.C.)	40	(2)
Furniture of the Ancient Near East	42	(1)
The Decorative Arts of the Ancient Near East	43	(2)
Wall Treatments	44	(1)
Rugs and Other Floor Treatments	44	(1)
Summary: Design Qualities of the Ancient Near East	45	(1)
PART 2 THE CLASSICAL WORLD
Greece (2800-146 B.C.)	46	(46)
The Determinants of Greek Art	47	(6)
Geography and Climate	47	(1)
Foreign Influeces, Heritage, and Identity	48	(1)
Crete	48	(2)
Mycenae	50	(1)
Other Peoples	51	(1)
Religion	52	(1)
Political and Military Factors	52	(1)
The Chronology of Greek Art	53	(5)
Timeline Greece	53	(1)
Three Formative Periods	53	(1)
Vocabulary Different Calendars	54	(2)
Three Mature Periods	56	(2)
Greek Architecture	58	(13)
The Temples of the Gods	58	(1)
The Acropolis and the Parthenon	59	(3)
The Greek Orders	62	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for the Greeks	63	(5)
The Greek House	68	(1)
Other Greek Building Types	69	(2)
Greek Sculpture	71	(4)
Archaic Sculpture	72	(1)
Hellenic Sculpture	72	(2)
Discovering the Past Roman Copies	74	(1)
Hellenistic Sculpture	74	(1)
Greek Furniture	75	(5)
Bedding and Seating	75	(4)
Tables	79	(1)
Furniture for Storage	80	(1)
Greek Decorative Arts	80	(8)
Greek Wall Decoration	80	(1)
Greek Ornament: Moldings	80	(1)
Greek Ornament: Patterns	81	(3)
The Greek Vase	84	(1)
Vocabulary Names for Greek Ornament	85	(3)
Summary: The Design of Ancient Greece	88	(2)
Looking for Character	88	(1)
Looking for Quality	89	(1)
Making Comparisons: Greece and Egypt	90	(1)
Making Comparisons: The Parthenon and Persepolis	90	(1)
Greece Succeeded by Rome	90	(2)
Rome (753 B.C.-A.D. 550)	92	(40)
Determinants of Roman Art	93	(2)
The Greek Heritage	94	(1)
The Etruscan Heritage	94	(1)
Vocabulary Greek and Roman Gods and Goddesses	94	(1)
The Chronology of Roman Art	95	(2)
Early Rome	96	(1)
Republican Rome	96	(1)
The Early Empire	96	(1)
Discovering the Past Secondary Evidence	96	(1)
The High Empire	97	(1)
The Decline of the Roman Empire	97	(1)
Timeline Rome	97	(1)
Roman Architecture	97	(16)
Vocabulary Terms Related to Concrete	98	(1)
Roman Construction: The Development of Concrete	98	(1)
Roman Construction: The Arch, the Vault, and the Dome	99	(1)
Roman Variations on the Greek Orders	100	(3)
Roman Temples	103	(1)
Roman Public Buildings	104	(2)
Roman Houses	106	(7)
Roman Interiors	113	(4)
Roman Rooms	113	(1)
The Legacy of Pompeii and Herculaneum	113	(1)
Roman Wall Treatments	114	(3)
Roman Furniture	117	(6)
Beds and Seats	117	(3)
Tables	120	(1)
Storage Furniture	121	(1)
Lighting	122	(1)
Soft Furnishings	122	(1)
Roman Decorative Arts and Ornament	123	(4)
Roman Sculpture	123	(1)
Variations on Greek Ornament	123	(2)
Roman Pottery	125	(1)
The Roman Development of Grass	125	(2)
Roman Mosaics	127	(2)
Summary: The Design of Ancient Rome	129	(3)
Looking for Character	129	(1)
Looking for Quality	130	(1)
Making Comparisons	130	(2)
PART 3 THE MIDDLE AGES
Early Christian and Byzantine Design (A.D. 330-800 and 330-1453)	132	(22)
The Early Christian Era (A.D. 330-800)	133	(5)
Old St. Peter's, Rome	135	(1)
Timeline Early Christian and Byzantine Design	135	(1)
Vocabulary The Definition of a Basilica	136	(1)
Other Early Basilicas	136	(1)
Vocabulary Names of Churches	137	(1)
Buildings with Centralized Plans	138	(2)
Other Early Christian Churches	139	(1)
Coptic Design	139	(1)
Celtic Design	139	(1)
The Move from Rome and the End of the Early Christian Era	139	(1)
The Byzantine Period (A.D. 330-1453)	140	(12)
Vocabulary Other Names for Hagia Sophia	142	(1)
Hagia Sophia	142	(1)
The Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna (420)	143	(1)
Baptistry of the Orthodox, Ravenna (449-452)	144	(1)
S. Vitale, Ravenna (526-547)	145	(1)
St. Mark's, Venice (1042-85)	146	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Crosses	147	(2)
Secular Architecture	149	(1)
The End of the Byzantine Empire	149	(1)
A Postscript to the Byzantine Era: St. Basil's, Moscow (Sixteenth Century)	149	(1)
Byzantine Decorative Arts	149	(1)
Byzantine Ivories	150	(1)
Byzantine Mosaics	151	(1)
Summary: Early Christian and Byzantine Styles	152	(2)
Looking for Character	153	(1)
Looking for Quality	153	(1)
Making Comparisons	153	(1)
Romanesque and Norman Design (c. 800-c. 1200)	154	(15)
Vocabulary Terms for Arches	156	(1)
Romanesque Architecture	157	(4)
Timeline Romanesque Design	157	(1)
Abbey Chruch of Ste.-Madeleine, Vezelay, France (1089-1146)	158	(1)
Durham Cathedral, Durham, England (1093-1175)	159	(1)
The Cappella Palatina, Palermo, Sicily (1132-43)	159	(1)
The Cathedral, Baptistry, and Leaning Tower, Pisa, Italy (1172)	160	(1)
Romanesque Ornament: Instruction and Terror	161	(1)
Romanesque Furniture	162	(2)
Seating	162	(1)
Tables	163	(1)
Casegoods	163	(1)
Beds	163	(1)
Romanesque Decorative Arts	164	(2)
Textiles	164	(1)
Metalwork	165	(1)
Work of the Cosmati	165	(1)
Other Aspects of the Romanesque Experience	166	(1)
The Millennium Arrives	166	(1)
The End of the Romanesque	167	(1)
Summary: Romanesque Design	167	(2)
Looking for Character	167	(1)
Looking for Quality	167	(1)
Making Comparisons	167	(2)
The Gothic (1132-c. 1500)	169	(25)
Gothic Domestic Architecture and Interiors	170	(3)
The Great Hall	171	(1)
Timeline Gothic Culture	171	(1)
The Fireplace	172	(1)
Wall Paneling	172	(1)
The Gothic Cathedral	173	(10)
Vocabulary The Cathedral	173	(1)
Timeline Gothic Cathedrals	173	(2)
The Pointed Arch	175	(1)
The Flying Buttress	176	(1)
The Ribbed Vault	176	(2)
The Race for Height	178	(1)
Timeline The Race for Height in French Gothic Cathedrals	179	(1)
Vocabulary Divisions of the Gothic Style	180	(1)
The Spread of Gothic through Europe	180	(3)
Gothic Ornament and Decorative Arts	183	(8)
The Proportions of Gothic Ornament	183	(1)
The Subject Matter of Gothic Ornament	184	(1)
The Madonna and Her Influence in Art	185	(1)
Stained Glass: Colored Sunlight	185	(3)
Tapestries: Woven Stories	188	(2)
Gothic Furniture	190	(1)
The End of the Gothic	191	(1)
Summary: The Gothic Style	191	(3)
Looking for Character	192	(1)
Looking for Quality	192	(1)
Making Comparisons	193	(1)
Islamic Design (A.D. 622 to the Present)	194	(32)
Vocabulary Muslim Dates	196	(1)
Islam as a Determinant of Form	196	(3)
Vocabulary Islamic Terms	196	(1)
Vocabulary Arabic Spellings	197	(1)
Timeline Islamic Design	197	(2)
Islam as a Determinant of Ornament	199	(1)
Varieties of Islamic Architecture	200	(5)
The Influence of Hagia Sophia	201	(1)
The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem (692)	201	(1)
The Great Mosque, Kairouan, Tunisia (836 and Later)	202	(1)
Suleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul (1550-57)	203	(1)
Profile Sinan	203	(1)
Topkapi Palace, Istanbul (begun 1459)	204	(1)
Islamic Furnishings and Decorative Arts	205	(18)
Muqarnas	206	(1)
Woodwork	206	(1)
Stucco	206	(1)
Painting and Lacquer	207	(1)
Mosaics	208	(1)
Tile	208	(1)
Furniture	208	(2)
Ceramics	210	(2)
Metalwork	212	(1)
Glass and Rock Crystal	213	(1)
Calligraphy	214	(2)
Carpets	216	(1)
Vocabulary Carpets and Rugs	216	(7)
Other Textiles	223	(1)
Summary: Islamic Design	223	(3)
Looking for Character	223	(1)
Looking for Quality	224	(1)
Making Comparisons	225	(1)
PART 4 THE EAST
India (2500 B.C. to the Present)	226	(13)
India's Architecture and Its Interiors	226	(5)
The Palace and the House	228	(1)
The Temple and the Mosque	229	(1)
The Taj Mahal	229	(2)
India's Decorative Arts and Crafts	231	(6)
Timeline India	231	(1)
India's Furniture	232	(1)
India's Textiles	233	(2)
Vocabulary Textile Terms from India	235	(2)
Summary: The Design of India	237	(2)
China (4000 B.C.-A.D. 1912)	239	(28)
Chinese Architecture	239	(7)
Vocabulary English Versions of Chinese	241	(1)
The Chinese Temple, a Succession of Bays	241	(1)
The Forbidden City	242	(1)
Timeline China	243	(1)
Chinese Houses	244	(2)
``Friends of the House,'' Chinese Furniture	246	(5)
The K'ang	246	(1)
The K'ang Becomes a Table	247	(1)
Seating	248	(2)
Storage Furniture	250	(1)
Furniture Woods and Joinery	251	(1)
Furniture Placement	251	(1)
The ``Casual'' Art of Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism	251	(1)
The Arts of Carving and Molding	252	(1)
Jade, the Virtuous Stone	252	(1)
Lacquer, the Layered Art	252	(1)
Imitation Lacquerwork	253	(1)
The Fiery Arts	253	(5)
Bronzes	254	(1)
Terra-cottas	254	(1)
Enamels and Cloisonne	255	(1)
Foreign Variations on Chinese Enamel	256	(1)
Ceramics	257	(1)
The Secret Arts	258	(7)
Porcelain, the Most Precious Ceramic	258	(5)
Silk, the Most Precious Fabric	263	(2)
Summary: The Design of China	265	(2)
Looking for Character	265	(1)
Looking for Quality	266	(1)
Making Comparisons	266	(1)
Japan (A.D. 593-1867)	267	(15)
Determinants of Japanese Design	268	(1)
Geography	268	(1)
Religion	269	(1)
Japanese Architecture and Its Interiors	269	(5)
Timeline Japan	269	(2)
A Buddhist Temple Precinct: Horyu-ji	271	(1)
A Pavilion for Family Worship: The Hoo-do	271	(1)
A Country Villa: Katsura	271	(2)
A Teahouse: Shokin-tei	273	(1)
Japanese Furniture	274	(4)
Beds and Seating	275	(1)
Tables	276	(1)
Storage Furniture: The Tansu	276	(1)
Vocabulary Tansu	277	(1)
The Folding Screen	277	(1)
Accessories	278	(1)
Japanese Arts, Crafts, and Rituals	278	(3)
The Tokonoma and the Flower Arrangement	278	(1)
The Tea Ceremony	279	(1)
Japanese Painting	279	(1)
The Wood-Block Print	280	(1)
Japanese Lacquer	280	(1)
Summary: The Design of Japan	281	(1)
Looking for Character	281	(1)
Looking for Quality	281	(1)
Making Comparisons	281	(1)
PART 5 THE RENAISSANCE
The Italian Renaissance and Later Developments (Fourteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)	282	(30)
Italian Renaissance Buildings and Their Interiors	284	(9)
Timeline The Italian Renaissance	285	(1)
The Church	286	(3)
The Palazzo	289	(2)
The Villa	291	(2)
Interior Components of the Italian Renaissance	293	(4)
Type of Rooms and Their Distribution	293	(1)
Walls and Wall Treatments	294	(1)
Ceilings	294	(1)
Floors	295	(1)
Doors	295	(1)
Windows	296	(1)
Fireplaces and Mantels	296	(1)
Niches and Plaques	297	(1)
Color Schemes	297	(1)
Italian Renaissance Furniture and Furnishings	297	(4)
Seating	298	(1)
Beds and Cradles	299	(1)
Tables	299	(1)
Storage Furniture	299	(1)
Lighting	300	(1)
Fabric Hangings	301	(1)
Italian Renaissance Decorative Arts	301	(10)
Ceramics	302	(1)
Majolica	302	(1)
The Work of the della Robbias	303	(1)
Italian Porcelain	304	(1)
Metalwork	305	(1)
Glass and Mirrors	306	(1)
Intarsia	307	(1)
Mosaics, Pietra Dura and Scagliola	308	(1)
Frescoes	309	(1)
Textiles	309	(1)
Tapestry	309	(1)
Silks	310	(1)
Summary: The Design of the Italian Renaissance	311	(1)
Looking for Character	311	(1)
Looking for Quality	311	(1)
Making Comparisons	311	(1)
Spain (The Eighth to the Nineteenth Century)	312	(39)
Determinants of Spanish Design	312	(2)
The History of Spain	314	(1)
Spanish Architecture and Interiors	314	(25)
Hispano-Moorish Design (after 711)	314	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Moorish Design	315	(2)
Timeline Spain	317	(3)
The Gothic Style in Spain (Eight to Fifteenth Centuries)	320	(4)
New Riches and New Ornament: the Plateresco (First Half of the Sixteenth Century)	324	(1)
New Rulers and a New Austerity: The Desornamentado (Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries)	324	(4)
The Return of Ornament: The Churrigueresco (c. 1650-1750)	328	(1)
Italian, French, and English Influences (Eighteenth Century)	329	(4)
Spanish Furniture	333	(2)
Seating and Beds	335	(2)
Tables	337	(1)
Case Furniture	337	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Spanish Furniture	338	(1)
Portuguese Variations	339	(1)
Spanish Decorative Arts and Crafts	339	(9)
Tile and Other Ceramic Wares	339	(3)
Metalwork	342	(1)
Leather	343	(1)
Vocabulary Types of Iron	344	(1)
Cork	345	(1)
Textiles	346	(2)
Summary: Spanish Design	348	(3)
Looking for Character	348	(1)
Looking for Quality	349	(1)
Making Comparisons	350	(1)
The French Renaissance and Later Developments (Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)	351	(45)
Achievement, Decline, and Revolution	351	(13)
Vocabulary Terms for the French Styles	353	(1)
The Early Renaissance (1484-1547)	353	(1)
The Middle Renaissance (1547-1589)	353	(1)
The Late Renaissance (1589-1643)	353	(1)
The Baroque Style (1643-c. 1700)	354	(3)
The Regence Style (c. 1700-1730)	357	(1)
The Rococo Style (1730-60)	358	(1)
Timeline The French Renaissance and Later Developments	359	(1)
Rococo in the Country: French Provincial	360	(1)
Rococo beyond France: South German Churches	361	(1)
The Neoclassical Style (1760-89)	362	(1)
The French Revolution (1789) and the Directoire Style (1795-99)	363	(1)
French Architecture and Interiors	364	(10)
Chambord (begun in 1519)	364	(2)
Versailles (after 1660)	366	(4)
The Hotel Particulier (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)	370	(4)
French Furniture	374	(7)
The Furniture Types	374	(7)
The Division of Occupations	381	(4)
The Maitres or Masters	381	(2)
The Decorators	383	(2)
Materials and Techniques	385	(1)
French Decorative Arts	385	(10)
Marquetry	385	(1)
Lacquerwork	386	(1)
Gilt Bronze or Ormolu	386	(1)
Porcelain	387	(1)
Pottery	388	(1)
Glass	389	(1)
Wallpaper	389	(2)
Tapestry	391	(1)
Carpets	392	(1)
Other Textiles	393	(2)
Summary: The French Renaissance	395	(1)
Looking for Character	395	(1)
Looking for Quality	395	(1)
Making Comparisons	395	(1)
The English Renaissance and Later Developments (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)	396	(50)
English Architecture and Its Interiors	397	(1)
Buildings of the Early English Renaissance (1500-1620)	397	(16)
Timeline The English Renaissance	399	(2)
The Introduction of Palladian Influence (after 1619): Inigo Jones	401	(3)
The Restoration, William and Mary, Queen Anne, and Early Georgian Periods (1660-1762)	404	(4)
The Later Georgian Period (1762 to the End of the Century)	408	(5)
English Furniture Design	413	(20)
The Influence of French Furniture	413	(1)
Furniture Designers and Their Style Books	413	(9)
Furniture Woods, Techniques, and Finishes	422	(1)
The Development of English Furniture Types	423	(10)
English Decorative Arts	433	(11)
Ceramics	433	(2)
Profile Josiah Wedgwood	435	(2)
Wood Carving	437	(1)
Metalwork	438	(1)
Textiles	439	(1)
Vocabulary English Terms for Carpets	440	(1)
Wallpaper	441	(2)
Discovering the Past Old Wallpaper	443	(1)
Summary: English Renaissance Design	444	(2)
Looking for Character	445	(1)
Looking for Quality	445	(1)
Making Comparisons	445	(1)
PART 6 THE NEW WORLD
Pre-Columbian America (Before the Sixteenth Century)	446	(16)
Central and South American Civilizations	448	(9)
The Olmecs	448	(1)
Teotihuacan	449	(1)
Timeline Pre-Columbian America	449	(1)
Discovering the Past Exploring the Americas	450	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Pre-Columbian American Design	451	(1)
The Zapotecs and Mixtecs	451	(1)
The Mayas	452	(3)
The Incas	455	(2)
The Native North Americans	457	(4)
Native American Architecture and Its Interiors	457	(1)
Native American Crafts and Decorative Arts	458	(2)
Native American Art Today	460	(1)
Summary: Design in America before the Europeans	461	(1)
Looking for Quality	461	(1)
Making Comparisons	461	(1)
The Europeans in North America (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)	462	(39)
Periods of Early American Design	463	(5)
Early Colonial (before c. 1720)	463	(1)
Late Colonial or Georgian (c. 1720-87)	464	(1)
Timeline The Europeans in North America	465	(2)
Federal (after 1787)	467	(1)
Architecture and Interior Design	468	(7)
Discovering the Past Period Rooms	468	(4)
Westover, Charles City County, Virginia (c. 1730-34)	472	(1)
Monticello, Albemarle County, Virginia (1769-82 and 1796-1809)	473	(1)
The White House, Washington, D.C. (1792-1801)	474	(1)
Furniture	475	(12)
William Savery (c. 1721-87)	477	(1)
The Townsends and the Goddards	477	(1)
Samuel McIntire (1757-1811)	477	(1)
Duncan Phyfe (1768-1854)	478	(1)
Seating	479	(4)
Beds	483	(1)
Tables	483	(2)
Casegoods	485	(2)
Accessories and Decorative Arts	487	(10)
Clocks	488	(3)
Metalwork	491	(1)
Textiles	492	(1)
Profile Paul Revere	492	(2)
Ceramics	494	(1)
Glass and Mirrors	495	(2)
Stenciling, Wall Painting, and Wallpaper	497	(1)
Summary: Design in Colonized North America	497	(4)
Looking for Character	497	(2)
Looking for Quality	499	(1)
Making Comparisons	499	(2)
PART 7 THE MODERN WORLD
The Nineteenth Century	501	(55)
The Determinants of Nineteenth-Century Design	502	(5)
Technology as Catalyst	502	(3)
Publications as Stimulant	505	(1)
Vocabulary Color Terms	506	(1)
The Styles of the Nineteenth Century	507	(34)
The Classicist Styles	507	(11)
The Romance of the Long Ago	518	(4)
The Romance of the Far Away	522	(4)
The Arts and Crafts Movement	526	(3)
The Aesthetic Movement	529	(1)
Art Nouveau	530	(11)
Nineteenth-Century Furniture and Decorative Arts	541	(14)
New Furniture Types	542	(2)
New Furniture Techniques	544	(1)
New Synthetic Materials	545	(2)
Ceramics and Glass	547	(1)
Enamels and Lacquer	547	(1)
Metalwork	548	(1)
Textiles	549	(4)
Wallpaper	553	(2)
Summary: Nineteenth-Century Design	555	(1)
The Twentieth Century	556	(73)
The Determinants of Twentieth-Century Design	557	(1)
Technology	557	(1)
Publications and Publicity	557	(1)
Twentieth-Century Styles	557	(30)
The Continuation of the Arts and Crafts Movement	557	(4)
The Continuation of Art Nouveau	561	(1)
The Continuation of Revivalism	562	(2)
The Roots of Modernism	564	(7)
Art Deco	571	(1)
The Growth of Modernism and Other Postwar Developments	572	(5)
Scandinavian Modern	577	(3)
Italian Modern	580	(1)
Japanese Modern	581	(2)
Reactions against Modernism	583	(1)
The New Eclecticism	584	(1)
The Persistence of Modernism	585	(2)
The Specialization of Functional Types	587	(16)
Kitchen and Bathroom Design	588	(2)
Hospitality Design	590	(4)
Retail Design	594	(1)
Health Care Design	595	(1)
Resources Health Care Organizations	596	(1)
Office Design	596	(4)
Resources Noish and Osha	600	(1)
Transportation Design	600	(2)
Institutional Design	602	(1)
Universal Design	603	(1)
Interior Services	603	(10)
Lighting	604	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Lighting Equipment	604	(6)
Vocabulary Terms for Light Measurement	610	(1)
Mechanical Systems	610	(1)
Acoustics	611	(1)
Resources Acoustical Societies	612	(1)
Vocabulary Acoustical Terms	613	(1)
Interior Materials	613	(13)
Steel and Glass	613	(1)
Plastics	614	(1)
Carpets	615	(2)
Other Textiles	617	(2)
Upholstery and Bedding	619	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Mattress Sizes	619	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Leather	620	(1)
Leather	620	(1)
Wood, Wood Composites, and Wood Substitutes	621	(2)
A Plaster Substitute: Drywall	623	(1)
Asbestos and Asbestos Removal	624	(1)
New Metals: Aluminum and Stainless Steel	624	(1)
Paint	625	(1)
Vocabulary Terms for Paint	625	(1)
Resources Chief Professional Organizations	626	(1)
Professional Issues	626	(2)
Education	627	(1)
Professional Organizations	627	(1)
Designer Certification	628	(1)
Summary: Twentieth-Century Interior Design	628	(1)
Glossary	629	(48)
Bibliography	677	(32)
Index	709

Excerpts

Sherrill Whiton and his Book It has been said that the modern profession of interior design was established by Edith Wharton and Elsie de Wolfe. It might also be said that the modern discipline of interior design was established by Frank Alvah Parsons, for whom the Parsons School of Design was named, and Sherrill Whiton. (In both cases, admittedly, the claims oversimplify a complex history.) Augustus Sherrill Whiton, the author of the original text on which the present book is based, was the founder and first president of the New York School of Interior Design. One might imagine that his text had been developed for the school, but the genesis of the text actually preceded the school (and, by three years, Parsons's own textbook, now long out of print). Whiton was born in New York in 1887, the son of Louis Claude Whiton, a lawyer, and the former Harriet Bell. He earned a degree in architecture at Columbia University, then went to Paris for the study at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts that was every architecture students goal at the time. While in Paris, he married Claire Henriette Bouche. Her family was French, but had moved to New York in the 1870s, and Claire's father, Henri Bouche, was a designer employed by Tiffany & Co. Back in New York and finding the field of architecture in a slow period, Whiton conceived and wrote a series of Home Study Catalogues in the Decorative Arts. The first catalogue was published in 1916 and was followed by several others. During the next years, Whiton s home study readers frequently stopped at his office on East 40th Street, many of them hoping to find classes being taught there. Finally, in 1924, Whiton opened what was at first called the New York School of Interior Decoration. Its first home was in a building on the southwest corner of Madison Avenue and 57th Street, where the IBM headquarters now stands. The home study manuals were assembled in book form and published by Lippincott in 1937 asElements of Interior Decoration.The book was reissued in 1944. New editions in 1951, 1957, and 1963 were retitledElements of interior Design and Decoration,the last of these being published after Whiton's death in 1961. Whiton was succeeded as both the director of the school and the reviser of the textbook by his son, Sherrill ("Pete") Whiton, Jr. After the latter's early and sudden death in 1972, his revision, titled simplyInterior Design and Decoration,was also published posthumously. In the late 1980s, Arthur Satz, then president of the New York School of Interior Design, and design writer Nick Polites began a thorough revision, which was to be based on new chapters contributed by a variety of scholarly experts, but that work was never completed. Preparing the present revision has brought heightened respect for Sherrill Whiton's pioneering accomplishment, and it is presented with admiration and gratitude for his work. I also thank the late architect and author Paul Heyer, who, while president of the New York School of Interior Design, first suggested that I undertake the book's revision, and Inge Heckel, Paul's successor, who has been an enthusiastic advocate for the project. Among the many scholars whose ideas I have depended upon are Professor Jody Brotherston of Louisiana Tech University, who helped substantially with the chapter on Spanish design, and Dr. David G. De Long of the University of Pennsylvania, who suggested corrections and clarifications for the first five chapters. Later chapters were reviewed by Mary Ann Beecher, Iowa State University; Denise Bertoncino, University of Arkansas; Theodore Drab, University of Oklahoma; Victoria Brinn Feinberg, CSU at Northridge; Abe Kadushin, Eastern Michigan University; Nancy Kwallek, University of Texas, Austin; James Landis, International Academy of Merchandising Design; Maureen Mitton, University of Wisconsin at Stout; Christine Myers, University of Arkansas; Luann Nissen. Unive