International Human Rights And Comparative Mental Disability Law

by Perlin, Michael L.; Kanter, Arlene S.; Treuthart, Mary Pat; Szeli, Eva; Gledhill, Kris

• ISBN13: 9781594602108
• ISBN10: 1594602107
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-08-01
• Publisher: Carolina Academic Press

Summary

The issue of the human rights of people with mental disabilities has been ignored for decades by the international agencies vested with the protection of human rights on a global scale. It is only within the past several years that society has begun to understand that violations of persons' mental disability rights are violations of human rights. This is the first and only casebook that considers the intersection between international human rights law and comparative mental disability law; it provides a systematic investigation of all of the relevant issues. Topics covered include a comparison of civil and common law systems, an overview of international human rights law, an overview of regional human rights tribunals, an overview of U.S. constitutional mental disability law, mental disability law in an international human rights context, comparative mental disability law (civil and common, scholarly articles and case law), the use of institutional psychiatry as a means of suppressing political dissension, the "universal factors" in this area of law, and the globalization of disability law.

Author Biography

Michael L. Perlin is a professor of law at New York Law School.

Table of Contents

Table of Cases	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxiii
Introduction	3	(10)
About the Authors	10	(1)
Conclusion	11	(2)
Constitutional Mental Disability Law	13	(218)
Involuntary Civil Commitment	13	(110)
Substantive and Procedural Standards	13	(1)
Theon Jackson v. State of Indiana	13	(9)
J.B. O'Connor v. Kenneth Donaldson	22	(6)
Alberta Lessard et al. v. Wilbur Schmidt et al.	28	(10)
Questions	38	(1)
Frank O'Neal Addington v. State of Texas	39	(6)
Questions	45	(1)
Special Populations	45	(1)
Juveniles	45	(1)
James Parham v. J.R. et al.	45	(13)
Voluntary Patients	58	(1)
Marlus C. Zinermon, et al. v. Darrell E. Burch	58	(7)
Mental Retardation	65	(1)
Leonard Heller v. Samuel Doe, by His Mother and Next Friend, Mary Doe	65	(13)
Questions	78	(1)
Insanity Acquitees	79	(1)
Michael Jones v. United States	79	(8)
Terry Foucha v. Louisiana	87	(11)
Questions	98	(1)
Assisted Outpatient Commitment	98	(1)
Kendra's Law	98	(7)
Note	105	(1)
Question	105	(1)
Inter-Institutional Transfers	106	(1)
Joseph Vitek, etc., et al. v. Larry D. Jones	106	(7)
Questions	113	(1)
Right to Counsel	113	(1)
Lessard v. Schmidt	113	(1)
In the Matter of the Mental Health of K.G.F.	113	(8)
The Right to Expert Assistance in Civil Cases	121	(1)
In re Joseph Gannon	121	(1)
Questions	122	(1)
Institutional Rights	123	(76)
The Right to Treatment	123	(1)
Wyatt v. Stickney (1971)	123	(3)
Wyatt v. Stickney (1972)	126	(11)
Questions	137	(2)
Duane Youngberg v. Nicholas Romeo	139	(9)
Questions	148	(1)
Note	149	(1)
The Right to Refuse Treatment	149	(1)
Mark J. Mills et al. v. Rubie Rogers et al.	149	(3)
John E. Rennie v. Ann Klein (Rennie IV)	152	(6)
Questions	158	(1)
Mark Rivers v. Stephen Katz	159	(4)
Questions	163	(1)
Washington v. Walter Harper	164	(16)
David Riggins v. Nevada	180	(11)
Questions	191	(1)
Charles Sell v. United States	191	(8)
Questions	199	(1)
Post-Institutional Rights	199	(32)
William Dixon v. Caspar Weinberger	199	(4)
Discrimination against Persons with Mental Disabilities	203	(1)
City of Cleburne, Texas v. Cleburne Living Center	203	(10)
Questions	213	(1)
The Americans with Disabilities Act	214	(1)
Tommy Olmstead v. L.C., by Jonathan Zimring	214	(8)
Access to Justice	222	(1)
Tennessee v. George Lane	222	(5)
Questions	227	(4)
Overview of International Human Rights Law	231	(52)
Introduction	231	(2)
Human Rights before World War II	231	(1)
David Weissbrodt, An Introduction to the Sources of International Law	231	(1)
Questions	232	(1)
Human Rights in the Modern Era	233	(9)
Introduction	233	(1)
Micheline R. Ishay, History of Human Rights	233	(1)
Questions	234	(1)
Note	234	(1)
Conceptual Dichotomies	235	(1)
Universalism vs. Cultural Relativism	235	(1)
Mahmood Monshipouri, Promoting Universal Human Rights: Dilemmas of Integrating Developing Countries	235	(2)
Rosalyn Higgins, Problems and Process: International Law and How We Use It	237	(1)
Questions	237	(1)
Hard vs. Soft Law	237	(1)
Jose Alvarez, The New Dispute Settlers: (Half) Truths and Consequences	237	(2)
Questions	239	(1)
Peremptory Norms and Derogable vs. Non-Derogable Rights	239	(1)
Sara Stapleton, Ensuring a Fair Trial in the International Criminal Court: Statutory Interpretation and the Impermissibility of Derogation	239	(1)
Questions	240	(1)
Negative vs. Positive Rights	240	(1)
Henry J. Steiner & Philip Alston, International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, and Morality	240	(1)
Questions	241	(1)
Civil and Political Rights vs. Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights	241	(1)
Javaid Rehman, International Human Rights Law: A Practical Approach	242	(1)
Questions	242	(1)
The U.N. and Its Mechanisms for Protecting Human Rights	242	(7)
The Work of U.N. Bodies	242	(1)
Questions	243	(1)
Instruments	244	(1)
The Charter of the United Nations	244	(1)
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights	244	(1)
The International Covenants	245	(1)
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)	246	(1)
First Optional Protocol to the ICCPR	247	(1)
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)	247	(1)
Specialized Conventions	248	(1)
Questions	248	(1)
Regional Human Rights Courts and Commissions	249	(34)
Introduction	249	(1)
Gabriel M. Wilner, Reflections on Regional Human Rights Law	249	(1)
The European System	250	(1)
Council of Europe, Registrar of the Eur. Ct. of Human Rights	250	(4)
Council of Europe, What Is the European Social Charter?	254	(2)
Council of Europe, European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT)	256	(1)
The Inter-American System	257	(1)
W. Michael Reisman, Practical Matters for Consideration in the Establishment of a Regional Human Rights Mechanism: Lessons from the Inter-American Experience	257	(3)
Christina Cerna, International Law and the Protection of Human Rights in the Inter-American System	260	(5)
The African System	265	(1)
Gabriel M. Wilner, Reflections on Regional Human Rights Law	265	(1)
Christof Heyns, The African Regional Human Rights System: The African Charter	265	(8)
Note	273	(1)
Asia	274	(1)
Seth R. Harris, Asian Human Rights: Forming a Regional Covenant	274	(5)
Conclusion	279	(1)
Melissa Robbins, Powerful States, Customary Law and the Erosion of Human Rights Through Regional Enforcement	279	(2)
Questions	281	(2)
On Sanism and Pretextuality	283	(36)
Some Other Jurisprudential Considerations: Heuristics and ``Ordinary Common Sense'' (OCS)	283	(7)
Heuristics	283	(6)
``Ordinary Common Sense'' (OCS)	289	(1)
On Sanism	290	(17)
Introduction	290	(3)
Sanist Myths	293	(1)
Michael L. Perlin, ``Where the Winds Hit Heavy on the Borderline'': Mental Disability Law, Theory and Practice, ``Us'' and ``Them''	293	(3)
Sanist Judges	296	(1)
Michael L. Perlin, ``Half-Wracked Prejudice Leaped Forth'': Sanism, Pretextuality, and Why and How Mental Disability Law Developed as It Did	296	(2)
Sanism and Legal Representation	298	(1)
Michael L. Perlin, ``You Have Discussed Lepers and Crooks'': Sanism in Clinical Teaching	298	(1)
Distrust of the Client	299	(1)
Trivialization of the Client's Complaints	300	(1)
Effects on the Lawyer-Client Relationship	301	(1)
Role of Counsel	302	(1)
Counsel's Role	302	(1)
Rights Are Not Self-Executing	303	(1)
The Myth of Adequate Counsel	304	(1)
Counsel's Educative Function	305	(1)
Implementation of Collateral Rights	306	(1)
Other Moral, Social and Political Issues	306	(1)
On Pretextuality	307	(12)
Introduction	307	(3)
Pretextuality and Morality	310	(1)
Michael L. Perlin, Pretexts and Mental Disability Law: The Case of Competency	310	(6)
Questions	316	(3)
Mental Disability Law in a Socio-Political Context: The Role of Institutional Psychiatry in the Suppression of Political Dissent	319	(36)
Overview	319	(4)
George Alexander, International Human Rights Protection against Political Abuses	319	(1)
Note	320	(1)
Michel Foucault, Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason	320	(3)
In the USSR	323	(14)
Sidney Bloch & Peter Reddaway, Psychiatrists and Dissenters in the Soviet Union	323	(6)
Richard J. Bonnie & Svetlana v. Polubinskaya, Unraveling Soviet Psychiatry	329	(8)
Note	337	(1)
In China	337	(8)
Robin Munro, Judicial Psychiatry in China and Its Political Abuses	337	(8)
In the USSR & China	345	(4)
Richard Bonnie, Political Abuse of Psychiatry in the Soviet Union and in China: Complexities and Controversies	345	(4)
In Eastern Europe	349	(3)
Sana Loue, The Involuntary Civil Commitment of Mentally III Persons in the United States and Romania: A Comparative Analysis	349	(2)
In Bulgaria	351	(1)
Krassimir Kanev, State, Human Rights, and Mental Health in Bulgaria	351	(1)
Following the Revelations	352	(3)
Angelika C. Moncada, Involuntary Commitment and the Use of Seclusion and Restraint in Uruguay: A Comparison with the United Nations Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness	352	(1)
Lawrence Gostin & Lance Gable, The Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Global Perspective on the Application of Human Rights Principles to Mental Health	353	(1)
Questions	353	(2)
Mental Disability Law in an International Human Rights Context	355	(64)
Human Rights Issues Faced by Persons with Mental Disabilities	355	(4)
Introduction	355	(1)
Lawrence Gostin and Lance Gable, The Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Global Perspective on the Application of Human Rights Principles to Mental Health	355	(1)
Available Protections	356	(3)
The Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons (MR Declaration)	359	(1)
Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons	360	(1)
World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons	360	(1)
Questions	361	(1)
The U.N. Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness and the Improvement of Mental Health Care (MI Principles)	361	(9)
Eric Rosenthal & Leonard S. Rubenstein, International Human Rights Advocacy under the Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness	361	(9)
Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities (Standard Rules)	370	(3)
Lawrence Gostin & Lance Gable, The Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Global Perspective on the Application of Human Rights Principles to Mental Health	371	(1)
Questions	372	(1)
ICESCR General Comments 5 and 14	373	(3)
Lawrence Gostin & Lance Gable, The Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Global Perspective on the Application of Human Rights Principles to Mental Health	373	(3)
Questions	376	(1)
The Intersection of Protections	376	(22)
Eric Rosenthal & Clarence Sundram, International Human Rights in Mental Health Legislation	376	(22)
Special Rapporteur on Health: Report on Mental Disability	398	(1)
Questions	398	(1)
Proposed Disability Convention: U.N. Resolutions 2000/51 and 56/168	399	(2)
Summary of the Work of the Ad Hoc Committee	399	(2)
Conclusion	401	(18)
Melinda Jones, Can International Law Improve Mental Health? Some Thoughts on the Proposed Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities	401	(1)
Enforcement of International Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities	401	(1)
Excerpts from Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)	401	(1)
Questions	402	(1)
Advocacy and Education	403	(1)
Advocacy and Other Activities: The U.N. Organizations	403	(1)
Excerpt taken from http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/dismsre3.htm#A	404	(1)
The WHO Resource Book on Mental Health, Human Rights, and Legislation	405	(1)
World Health Organization, WHO Resource Book on Mental Health, Human Rights and Legislation	405	(9)
The Work of NGOs	414	(1)
Hurst Hannum, Implementing Human Rights: An Overview of NGO Strategies and Available Procedures	415	(2)
Note	417	(1)
Questions	417	(2)
Comparative Mental Disability Law	419	(424)
Introduction	419	(3)
Larry Gostin, Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: The European Convention of Human Rights	419	(3)
Europe As a Case Example	422	(367)
Note	422	(1)
The Scholarly Literature	423	(1)
Lawrence O. Gostin & Lance Gable, The Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Global Perspective on the Application of Human Rights Principles to Mental Health	423	(4)
David Kingdon et al, Protecting the Human Rights of People with Mental Disorder: New Recommendations Emerging from the Council of Europe	427	(5)
David Hewitt, Do Human Rights Impact on Mental Health Law?	432	(2)
Gerard Quinn, Civil Commitment and the Right to Treatment under the European Convention on Human Rights	434	(6)
Bruce J. Winick, Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Treatment of People with Mental Illness in Eastern Europe: Construing International Human Rights Law	440	(6)
Note	446	(1)
Nicola Ferencz & James McGuire, Mental Health Review Tribunals in the UK: Applying a Therapeutic Jurisprudence Perspective	446	(5)
Note	451	(1)
The Case Law	451	(1)
Introduction to the European Convention Cases	451	(4)
Civil Commitment and Release	455	(1)
Procedural Commitment Issues	455	(1)
Necessity for Procedures; Adherence to Procedures	455	(1)
Winterwerp v. Netherlands	455	(14)
Wassink v. Netherlands	469	(6)
Sean Croke v. Ireland	475	(12)
HL v. UK	487	(12)
Right to Hearing	499	(1)
Van der Leer v. Netherlands	499	(4)
Rakevich v. Russia	503	(7)
R (MH) v. (1) Secretary of State for Health (2) Mental Health Review Tribunal (Court of Appeal)	510	(8)
R (MH) v. (1) Secretary of State for Health (2) Mental Health Review Tribunal (House of Lords)	518	(4)
Jurisdictional Limits	522	(1)
Aerts v. Belgium	522	(5)
R (A) v. Harrow Crown Court	527	(2)
Time Limits	529	(1)
E v. Norway	529	(10)
R (RA) v. Home Secretary	539	(3)
Burden of Proof	542	(1)
R (H) v. Mental Health Review Tribunal, North and East London Region	542	(3)
Transfer Issues	545	(1)
R (LH) v. (1) Mental Health Review Tribunal (2) Secretary of State for Health	545	(2)
Right to Appeal; habeas corpus	547	(1)
X v. UK	547	(13)
Varbanov v. Bulgaria	560	(4)
Vodenicarov v. Slovakia	564	(3)
Substantive Commitment Issues	567	(1)
Anderson, Reid and Doherty v. Scottish Ministers and Advocate General for Scotland	567	(15)
Reid v. UK	582	(6)
Questions of Discharge	588	(1)
Johnson v. UK	588	(7)
R (H) v. Ashworth Hospital Authority	595	(6)
R (IH) v. (1) Home Secretary (2) Secretary of State for Health	601	(8)
R (Home Secretary) v. Mental Health Review Tribunal	609	(1)
R (SC) v. (1) Mental Health Review Tribunal (2) Secretary of State for Health (3) Home Secretary	610	(5)
Review of Detention	615	(1)
Luberti v. Italy	615	(6)
W v. Sweden	621	(2)
R (K) v. Camden and Islington Health Authority	623	(7)
R (T) v. Mental Health Review Tribunal	630	(1)
Rutten v. Netherlands	631	(5)
R (Home Secretary) v. Mental Health Review Tribunal	636	(3)
R (Von B) v. (1) East London and the City Mental Health NHS Trust and (2) Snazell	639	(5)
Kolanis v. UK	644	(5)
Access to Counsel	649	(1)
Megyeri v. Germany	649	(3)
Aerts v. Belgium	652	(1)
DN v. Switzerland	652	(5)
R (S) v. Mental Health Review Tribunal	657	(2)
Institutional Care Issues	659	(1)
Security; Institutional Conditions	659	(1)
Ashingdane v. UK	659	(13)
Herczegfalvy v. Austria	672	(13)
Right to Refuse Treatment	685	(1)
Petition of WM	685	(9)
R (Munjaz) v. Mersey Care NHS Trust; R (S) v. Airedale NHS Trust	694	(7)
R (PS) v. (1) Dr G (RMO) (2) Dr W (SOAD)	701	(11)
R (Wilkinson) v. (1) The RMO, Broadmoor Hospital (2) The SOAD, Mental Health Act Commission (3) Secretary of State for Health	712	(10)
Other Institutional Rights	722	(1)
Herczegfalvy v. Austria	722	(1)
Valle v. Finland	722	(1)
R (N) v. Ashworth Hospital and Secretary of State for Health	723	(1)
R (RH) v. Ashworth Hospital Authority	724	(13)
R (E) v. Ashworth Hospital Authority	737	(4)
Nowicka v. Poland	741	(4)
Institutional Resources	745	(1)
R (F) v. (1) Oxfordshire Mental Healthcare NHS Trust (2) Oxfordshire NHS Health Authority	745	(2)
R (KB and Others) v. Mental Health Review Tribunal	747	(8)
Closure of Facilities	755	(1)
R (C) v. Lincolnshire Health Authority	755	(1)
R (C and Others) v. Brent, Kensington and Chelsea and Westminster Health NHS Trust	756	(2)
R (H and another) v. The Leonard Cheshire Foundation	758	(2)
Right to Bring Civil Action	760	(1)
Forensic Cases	760	(1)
Kudla v. Poland	760	(5)
Benjamin and Wilson v. UK	765	(3)
R (M) v. Nottinghamshire Health Care NHS Trust, 2. Home Secretary, 3. Governor HMP Full Sutton	768	(2)
R (IR) v. (1) Dr G Shetty (2) Home Secretary	770	(10)
R (IR) v. (1) Dr G Shetty (2) Home Secretary (No 2)	780	(2)
Other Issues	782	(1)
Bensaid v. UK	782	(7)
Latin America As a Case Example	789	(34)
Note	789	(1)
On the Inter-American System	789	(1)
Christina Cerna, The Inter-American System for the Protection of Human Rights	789	(3)
Note	792	(1)
Disability Law Policies	793	(1)
Christian Courtis, Disability Rights in Latin America and International Cooperation	793	(9)
On the Need for Legislative Reform	802	(1)
Angelika C. Moncada, Involuntary Commitment and the Use of Seclusion and Restraint in Uruguay: A Comparison with the United Nations Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness	802	(1)
Note	803	(1)
More Recent Developments	803	(1)
Alison A. Hillman, Protecting Mental Disability Rights: A Success Story in the Inter-American Human Rights System	803	(6)
The Role of Litigation	809	(1)
In the Matter of Victor Rosario Congo	809	(14)
Asia as a Case Example	823	(15)
Note	823	(1)
Political Background	823	(1)
China	823	(1)
Robin Munro, Judicial Psychiatry in China and Its Political Abuses	823	(4)
Randall Peerenboom, Assessing Human Rights in China: Why the Double Standard?	827	(1)
Note	827	(1)
Japan	828	(1)
Arlene S. Kanter, R. Blake Chisam & Christopher Nugent, The Right to Asylum and Need for Legal Representation of People with Mental Disabilities in Immigration Proceedings	828	(1)
Pamela Schwartz Cohen, Psychiatric Commitment in Japan: International Concern and Domestic Reform	828	(10)
Note	838	(1)
India	838	(1)
Africa as a Case Example	838	(5)
Mashood A. Baderin, Recent Developments in the African Regional Human Rights System	838	(3)
Note	841	(2)
Universal Factors	843	(44)
Introduction	843	(1)
An Overview	844	(5)
Bruce Winick, Therapeutic Jurisprudence and the Treatment of People with Mental Illness in Eastern Europe: Construing International Human Rights Law	844	(2)
Press Release: Shaky Mental Health Rules Fuel Abuse of Patients' Rights: WHO	846	(1)
Jennifer Fischer, A Comparative Look at the Right-to-Refuse Treatment for Involuntarily Hospitalized Persons with a Mental Illness	846	(3)
The Core Factors	849	(38)
Lack of Comprehensive Legislation to Govern the Commitment and Treatment of Persons with Mental Disabilities, and Failure to Adhere to Legislative Mandates	849	(1)
Joanna Rymaszewska & Stanislaw Dabrowski, Rules and Regulations for Involuntary Placement or Treatment of Mentally III Persons---Results from a Structured Survey Instrument in 12 European Countries, and Results from a Quality Assurance Project on Involuntary Placement/Treatment in Poland	849	(1)
Amnesty International, Romania: Memorandum to the Government Concerning Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment	849	(6)
Note	855	(1)
Mental Disability Advocacy Center, Mental Health Law of the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Implementation (2004) (report prepared by Dr. Arman Vardanyan, Deborah A. Dorfman and Craig Awmiller)	855	(1)
Jose Miguel Caldas de Almeida & Javier Vasquez, The Pan-American Health Organization's (PAHO) Advocacy Strategies for the Promotion and Protection of the Human Righs of Persons with Mental Disabilities and Their Family Members (2002)	856	(1)
Angelika C. Moncada, Involuntary Commitment and the Use of Seclusion and Restraint in Uruguay: A Comparison with the United Nations Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness	857	(1)
Oliver Lewis, ``Mental Disability Law in Central and Eastern Europe: Paper, Practice, Promise''	857	(1)
Note	858	(1)
Lack of Independent Counsel and Lack of Consistent Judicial Review Mechanisms Made Available to Persons Facing Commitment and Those Institutionalized	859	(1)
Mental Disability Advocacy Center, Mental Health Law of the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Implementation (2004) (report prepared by Dr. Arman Vardanyan, Deborah A. Dorfman and Craig Awmiller)	859	(3)
Oliver Lewis, Mental Disability Law in Central and Eastern Europe: Paper, Practice, Promise	862	(1)
Note	863	(1)
Larry Gostin, Human Rights in Mental Health: A Proposal for Five International Standards Based upon the Japanese Experience	864	(1)
Oliver Lewis, Protecting the Rights of People with Mental Disabilities: The European Convention on Human Rights	865	(1)
Questions	866	(1)
A Failure to Provide Humane Care to Institutionalized Persons	867	(1)
Mental Disability Advocacy Center: Press Release	867	(1)
Mental Disability Rights International (MDRI)	868	(1)
Mental Disability Rights International, Human Rights and Mental Health: Mexico (2000)	868	(2)
Oliver Lewis, Mental Disability Law in Central and Eastern Europe: Paper, Practice, Promise	870	(1)
Questions and Notes	871	(1)
Lack of Coherent and Integrated Community Programs As an Alternative to Institutional Care	872	(1)
Mental Disability Rights International (MDRI)	872	(1)
Mental Disability Advocacy Center, Mental Health Law of the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Implementation (report prepared by Dr. Arman Vardanyan, Deborah A. Dorfman and Craig Awmiller)	872	(1)
Angelika C. Moncada, Involuntary Commitment and the Use of Seclusion and Restraint in Uruguay: A Comparison with the United Nations Principles for the Protection of Persons with Mental Illness	872	(1)
Oliver Lewis, Mental Disability Law in Central and Eastern Europe: Paper, Practice, Promise	873	(1)
Eric Rosenthal & Eva Szeli, Not on the Agenda: Human Rights of People with Mental Disabilities in Kosovo	874	(1)
Eric Rosenthal and Arlene S. Kanter, The Right to Community Integration: Protections under United States and International Law	875	(6)
Failure to Provide Humane Services to Forensic Patients	881	(1)
Press Release	881	(1)
Harvey Weinstein, Ira Burnim and Robert Okin, Protecting the Mentally Disabled	882	(1)
Amnesty International, Romania: Memorandum to the Government Concerning Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment	883	(1)
Mental Disability Advocacy Center, Mental Health Law of the Kyrgyz Republic and Its Implementation (2004) (report prepared by Dr. Arman Vardanyan, Deborah A. Dorfman and Craig Awmiller)	884	(1)
Oliver Lewis, Mental Disability Law in Central and Eastern Europe: Paper, Practice, Promise	885	(1)
Questions	885	(2)
Trends in Comparative Mental Health Legislation	887	(30)
Introduction	887	(2)
WHO Comparative Mental Health Legislation Research	889	(2)
Note	890	(1)
Criticism of the Manual	891	(3)
The Role of International Human Rights in Domestic Mental Health Legislation	894	(4)
Note	897	(1)
Compulsory Community Treatment-Outpatient Commitment	898	(19)
Lawrence O. Gostin & Lance Gable, The Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Global Perspective on the Application of Human Rights Principles to Mental Health	898	(1)
Arlene Kanter & Uri Aviram, Israel's Involuntary Outpatient Commitment Law: Lessons from the American Experience	899	(16)
Note	915	(2)
A Global Perspective on Mental Disability Rights	917	(40)
Introduction	917	(1)
Arlene Kanter, The Globalization of Disability Rights Law	918	(21)
Lee Ann Basser, The Globalization of Disability Rights Law: The Impact in Australia	939	(13)
Note	952	(1)
Recent U.N. Developments	952	(1)
Lawrence Gostin & Lance Gable, The Human Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities: A Global Perspective on the Application of Human Rights Principles to Mental Health	952	(5)
Note	955	(2)
Other Disability Rights Issues	957	(56)
Specialized Populations	957	(8)
Women	957	(1)
Women in General	957	(1)
Louis Henkin et al. (eds.), Human Rights	957	(3)
Women with Disabilities Specifically	960	(1)
Eva Szeli and Dea Pallaska, Violence against Women with Mental Disabilities: The Invisible Victims in CEE/NIS Countries	960	(2)
Children	962	(1)
Generally	962	(1)
Alison Brysk, Human Rights and Private Wrongs	962	(2)
Children with Mental Disabilities Specifically	964	(1)
United Nations Press Release SG/SM/8919 OBV/379	964	(1)
Questions	964	(1)
Note	965	(1)
Selected Mental Disability Rights Issues: Death Penalty, Asylum and Sterilization	965	(48)
Death Penalty	965	(1)
Harold Hongju Koh, Different but Equal, The Human Rights of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities	965	(7)
Questions and Problems	972	(1)
Asylum for People with Disabilities	972	(1)
Introduction	972	(1)
Arlene Kanter & Kristin Dadey, The Right to Asylum for People with Disabilities	973	(17)
More Recent Developments	990	(1)
Victoria Tchoukhrova, Dmitri Tchoukhrova, and Evgueni Tchoukhrova v. Alberto R. Gonzales	990	(9)
Question	999	(1)
Note	999	(1)
Sterilization	999	(1)
Buck v. Bell	999	(2)
In re Eve	1001	(7)
Other Developments: India and the U.S.	1008	(2)
Some Concluding Thoughts	1010	(1)
Stanley S. Herr, The International Significance of Disability Rights	1010	(3)
Index	1013