Drawing on mainstream and critical theoretical approaches, International Organizationsoffers a comprehensive examination of international organizations#x19; political and structural role in world politics. Surveying key issues from international security to the environment, International Organizationslooks at present and future possibilities for global governance from a broad range of perspectives.

Kelly-Kate S. Pease is Associate Professor of Politics, History, and International Relations at Webster University.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
What Is an International Organization?	p. 2
Organization of the Text	p. 6
International Organizations: Nuts and Bolts	p. 15
Global Intergovernmental Organizations	p. 15
Regional Intergovernmental Organizations	p. 25
Nongovernmental Organizations	p. 35
Multinational Corporations	p. 39
Conclusion	p. 41
Mainstream Theories	p. 43
Realism	p. 43
Realism and International Law	p. 57
Liberalism	p. 59
Liberalism and International Law	p. 72
Critical Theories and Approaches	p. 76
Marxism	p. 76
Feminism	p. 92
Constructivism	p. 106
Security	p. 111
The United Nations	p. 112
Iraq	p. 120
The Security Council and Iraq after the Gulf War	p. 132
Security Council and Related Reforms	p. 137
Nuclear Proliferation	p. 140
Iran	p. 144
Conclusion	p. 155
Trade	p. 157
The History of International Trade	p. 157
The World Trade Organization (WTO)	p. 162
Multinational Corporations (MNCs)	p. 164
The U.S. Clean Air Act	p. 166
Challenges for the WTO	p. 173
Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms	p. 176
Development	p. 185
What is Development?	p. 185
Debt	p. 188
The World Bank	p. 190
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)	p. 193
The UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)	p. 195
The UN Development Program (UNDP)	p. 198
Financial Crises of the Nineties	p. 199
Millennium Development Goals	p. 217
Conclusion	p. 225
The Environment	p. 227
The Tragedy of the Commons	p. 227
Environmental Problems	p. 230
The Stockholm Conference (1972)	p. 232
The UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)	p. 233
Efforts to Protect Biodiversity	p. 234
The Vienna Convention of the Protection of the Ozone and the Montreal Protocol	p. 235
The Rio Conference	p. 236
Climate Change	p. 239
Whaling	p. 254
Conclusion	p. 262
Human Rights and Humanitarian Issues	p. 263
Refugees	p. 263
Major Human Rights Agreements	p. 267
UN Agencies and Human Rights	p. 269
Regional Human Rights Accords and Agencies	p. 272
NGOs and Human Rights	p. 273
Humanitarian Intervention	p. 275
Rwanda	p. 279
International Criminal Law	p. 288
The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia	p. 290
Conclusion	p. 300
Global Governance in 2025	p. 302
A Realist Cut	p. 302
A Liberal Cut	p. 307
A Marxist Cut	p. 310
A Feminist Cut	p. 313
A Constructivist Cut	p. 314
Conclusion	p. 315
Appendix. Finding Employment in International Organizations	p. 316
Bibliography	p. 319
Index	p. 341
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