International Relations since 1945 A Global History

by Young, John W.; Kent, John

• ISBN13: 9780198781646
• ISBN10: 0198781644
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-02-26
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

International Relations Since 1945: A Global History is an authoritative and historical analysis of international relations during the Cold War and its aftermath. In one volume, it both describes and interprets events since 1945 for an undergraduate audience. Exploring how the Cold War affected world politics as a whole, the book also deals with such important regional problems as the Middle East wars, the development of European integration, and the end of the European empires in Africa and Asia. While focusing on political change, the authors pay careful attention to the evolution of the global economy and the interplay between international and domestic developments, as well as to the growth of 'interdependence.' They also look at the role of the United States, particularly in the 1990s, when it became the world's only "superpower."

Table of Contents

Preface	v
List of Abbreviations	xvii
Introduction	1	(18)
Part I: The Origins and Development of the Cold War, 1945-1953
Introduction	19	(140)
1. Tensions in the Grand Alliance and the Growing Confrontation, 1945-1947	51	(22)
A. The Yalta Conference	51	(8)
B. From Yalta to Potsdam	59	(3)
C. Atomic Diplomacy and the Councils of Foreign Ministers, 1945	62	(4)
D. Growing Confrontation: The Near East and the Mediterranean	66	(2)
E. Containment, Confrontation, and the Truman Doctrine, 1946-1947	68	(5)
2. Two Worlds East and West, 1945-1948	73	(25)
A. The Marshall Plan and the Western Economic System	74	(4)
B. The Soviet Takeover of Eastern and Central Europe	78	(5)
C. The Struggle For Influence in East Asia	83	(5)
D. The Division of Germany	88	(10)
3. Empire, Cold War, and Decolonization, 1945-1953	98	(23)
A. Asia	98	(6)
B. Africa	104	(7)
C. The Middle East	111	(10)
4. The Cold War Intensifies: Containment Superseded, 1948-1953	121	(38)
A. Covert Operations and the Origins of Cold War Fighting	121	(5)
B. Armaments and Militarization	126	(8)
C. The Cold War and Integration in Europe	134	(4)
D. Developing a Strategy for Fighting the Cold War: NSC 68, Rearmament, and the Cold War Offensive Controversy	138	(8)
E. The Growing Importance of Communist China and the Conflict in Korea	146	(13)
Part II: Cold War: Crises and Change, 1953-1963
Introduction	159	(124)
5. Soviet-American Relations: Avoiding Hot War and the Search for Stability	177	(16)
A. The German Question	178	(3)
B. The Progress of Arms Control and Peace Efforts	181	(6)
C. Cold War, Armaments, and Preparations for Hot War	187	(6)
6. Maintaining the Spheres of Influence	193	(21)
A. Eastern Europe	193	(6)
B. Western Europe	199	(7)
C. Latin America	206	(8)
7. Fighting the Cold War: The Offensive Strategies	214	(31)
A. US Covert Operations and the Revised National Security Strategy	214	(7)
B. The Berlin Crises	221	(8)
C. The Offshore Islands Crises	229	(7)
D. The Cuban Missile Crisis	236	(9)
8. Collapsing Empires: The Cold War Battle for Hearts and Minds, 1953-1963	245	(38)
A. The End of the French Empire	245	(9)
B. The Crises in the Congo and Angola	254	(5)
C. Crises in the Middle East	259	(11)
D. The End of the British Empire in Africa	270	(13)
Part III: The Cold War of Peaceful Coexistence and the Rise of Multipolarity, 1963-1971
Introduction	283	(49)
9. The Eastern and Western Blocs in the 1960's	300	(32)
A. US-Soviet Relations from the Missile Crisis to Détente, 1963-1971	300	(9)
B. The Superpowers and the Emergence of an Independent China	309	(4)
C. Unity and Division in Eastern Europe: The 'Prague Spring'	313	(5)
D. Unity and Division in the Western Bloc	318	(6)
E. The Rise of European Deténte	324	(8)
10. The Vietnam War	332	(26)
A. The Escalation of US Involvement, 1963-1965	332	(4)
B. America versus North Vietnam, 1965-1967	336	(10)
C. 'Tet' and its Implications, 1968	346	(7)
D. Nixon's War in Vietnam, 1969-1971	353	(5)
11. Other Regional Conflicts	358	(31)
A. Latin America: US Intervention in the Dominican Republic	358	(4)
B. South-East Asia: The Malaysia-Indonesia 'Confrontation' of 1963-1966	362	(4)
C. South Asia: The Indo-Pakistan Wars of 1965 and 1971	366	(4)
D. The Middle East: The Arab-Israeli Six-Day War	370	(10)
E. Sub-Saharan Africa: The Nigerian Civil War	380	(9)
Part IV: The Détente Era, 1972-1980
Introduction	389	(17)
12. An Era of Negotiations, 1972-1973	406	(17)
A. 'Triangular Diplomacy' and the East Asian Balance	406	(5)
B. The Moscow Summit and SALT I	411	(4)
C. The Vietnam Settlement, 1972-1973	415	(8)
13. 'Stagflation' and the Trials of Detente, 1973-1976	423	(31)
A. The October 1973 Middle East War	423	(7)
B. The Era of 'Stagflation'	430	(4)
C. Political Problems in Europe	434	(7)
D. European Detente at its High Point	441	(4)
E. Crises in the Less Developed World	445	(9)
14. Detente in Decline, 1977-1979	454	(28)
A. Detente and the Carter Presidency	454	(5)
B. The Egyptian-Israeli Peace Process	459	(9)
C. The Ogaden War	468	(3)
D. Sino-US 'Normalization' and the Sino-Vietnamese War	471	(4)
E. The SALT II Treaty	475	(7)
15. The Return to Confrontation, 1979-1980	482	(19)
A. NATO's 'Dual Track' Decision	482	(3)
B. The Iranian Revolution	485	(4)
C. Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan	489	(4)
D. The Revival of Cold War	493	(8)
Part V: From Confrontation to Communist Collapse, 1981-1989
Introduction	501	(14)
16. The 'Second' Cold War, 1981-1985	515	(23)
A. US-Soviet Relations and the New Cold War	515	(9)
B. The Polish Crisis of 1980-1982	524	(3)
C. Nuclear Arms Control and the 'Year of the Missile'	527	(4)
D. The War in Afghanistan to 1985	531	(7)
17. Middle East Conflicts in the 1980's	538	(20)
A. Lebanon and the Israeli Invasion	538	(6)
B. The Arab-Israeli Dispute and the Palestinian Question	544	(4)
C. The Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988	548	(5)
D. Libya and 'International Terrorism'	553	(5)
18. Instability in Latin America	558	(20)
A. The Reagan Doctrine and El Salvador	558	(5)
B. Nicaragua and the 'Contragate' Scandal	563	(6)
C. Two American Invasions: Grenada and Panama	569	(4)
D. The 'Lost Decade': Latin America's 'Debt Crisis'	573	(5)
19. The Decline of the Cold War, 1985-1989	578	(27)
A. The Impact of Gorbachev, 1985-1987	578	(5)
B. Is the Cold War Over? 1987-1989	583	(6)
C. Ending the Cold War in the Less Developed World: Afghanistan, Angola, Cambodia	589	(6)
D. The Demise of Soviet Communism in Eastern Europe	595	(10)
Part VI: The Post-Cold War World, 1990-2000
Introduction	605	(18)
20. Europe and the Former Soviet Union	623	(30)
A. German Reunification	623	(5)
B. The Break-Up of the USSR and the Wars of Succession	628	(7)
C. Yugoslavia's Break-Up and the Bosnian War	635	(8)
D. NATO and European Security	643	(4)
E. From European Community to European Union	647	(6)
21. US Predominance and the Search for a Post-Cold War Order	653	(35)
A. US Foreign Policy in the 1990's: the Search for Direction	653	(10)
B. Enforcing Order: the Gulf War of 1990-1991	663	(6)
C. Washington and Moscow in the 1990's	669	(7)
D. The Clinton Administration and 'Rogue States'	676	(5)
E. 'Humanitarian Intervention' in Somalia and Haiti	681	(7)
22. Stability and Instability in the Developing World	688	(31)
A. Southern Africa: The End of Apartheid	688	(4)
B. Central Africa: Rwanda and Zaire	692	(7)
C. The Middle East: Progress and Retreat on Palestine	699	(6)
D. East Asia's Changing Balance	705	(7)
E. ASEAN, the 'Tigers' and the Post-1997 Economic Crisis	712	(7)
Bibliography	719	(10)
Index	729