International Review of Cell & Molecular Biology presents current advances and comprehensive reviews in cell biology-both plant and animal. Articles address structure and control of gene expression, nucleocytoplasmic interactions, control of cell development and differentiation, and cell transformation and growth. * Authored by some of the foremost scientists in the field * Provides up-to-date information and directions for future research * Valuable reference material for advanced undergraduates, graduate students and professional scientists

Contributors	p. vii
Roles of Caldesmon in Cell Motility and Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Organization and Regulation of Caldesmon (CALD1) Gene	p. 3
Structure and Function Study of CaD	p. 7
CaD and Regulation of Smooth Muscle Contraction	p. 24
CaD and Regulation of Nonmuscle Cell Motility and Cytoskeleton Dynamics	p. 27
CaD, Podosomes, and Diseases	p. 41
Concluding Remarks	p. 44
References	p. 51
Hypothalamic Neural Systems Controlling the Female Reproductive Life Cycle: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Glutamate, and GABA	p. 69
Introduction	p. 70
The HPG Axis	p. 71
The Reproductive Life Cycle in Females	p. 71
Glutamate and the HPG Axis	p. 75
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and the HPG Axis	p. 90
Glutamate/GABA Interactions	p. 108
Conclusion	p. 113
References	p. 113
Acquisition of Membrane Polarity in Epithelial Tube Formation: Patterns, Signaling Pathways, Molecular Mechanisms, and Disease	p. 129
Introduction	p. 130
Architecture of Polarized Cells in Epithelial Organs	p. 131
Epithelial Morphogenesis into Tubes	p. 141
De Novo Formation of Tubes: Conserved Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms	p. 144
Epithelial Polarity and Disease	p. 152
Concluding Remarks	p. 165
References	p. 166
Functions of RAB and SNARE Proteins in Plant Life	p. 183
Introduction	p. 184
General Features of Membrane Trafficking and Functions of RABs and SNAREs	p. 187
Molecular/Cellular Research on Plant RABs and SNAREs	p. 200
RABs and SNAREs in Higher Order Plant Functions	p. 215
A Unique Regulatory System in Plants for Endocytic/Vacuolar Transport	p. 222
Concluding Remarks and Future Issues	p. 223
References	p. 224
Rab Proteins and Their Interaction Partners	p. 235
Introduction	p. 236
Rab Proteins	p. 242
Small GTPases Rab1, Rab6, and Their Effectors	p. 257
Concluding Remarks	p. 265
References	p. 265
Cubic Membranes: The Missing Dimension of Cell Membrane Organization	p. 275
Introduction	p. 276
Cell Membrane Architecture	p. 278
Cubic Membranes in Nature	p. 306
Biogenesis of Cubic Membranes	p. 312
Cubic Membranes: Indicators of Cellular Stress and Disease?	p. 319
Cubic Membranes: Specific Functions or Innocent Bystanders?	p. 321
Applications of Cubic Membranes	p. 324
Concluding Remarks	p. 326
References	p. 327
Index	p. 343
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