Interplay The Process of Interpersonal Communication

by Adler, Ronald B.; Rosenfeld, Lawrence B.; Proctor II, Russell F.

• ISBN13: 9780195167078
• ISBN10: 0195167074
• Additional ISBN(s): 9780195155181, 9780195309928
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-07-31
• Publisher: Oxford Univ Pr (Txt)
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Now in a new edition, Interplay: The Process of Interpersonal Communication provides a comprehensive and engaging introduction to communication in interpersonal relationships. Based on an extensive body of scholarship, interplay cites more than 1,000 sources--30% of which are new to the ninth edition--and provides a variety of thought-provoking photos, sidebars, and cartoons that illustrate key points in the text and connect them to everyday life and popular culture. The ninth edition is updated and revised throughout to help make material more clear and useful to students. It provides new information on how people manage their identities on the Internet, how people interpret language in everyday situations, reasons for defensiveness, the role of physical appearance in relational communication, and how technology and gender affect different types of interaction. In addition, the text expands coverage of emotional expression, and extends its balance treatment of gender influences, self-disclosure, and methods of managing privacy in personal relationships. FEATURES OF THE NINTH EDITION · New-Part IV: Contexts of Interpersonal Communication focuses on some of the most important circumstances that surround human interaction. Dedicated chapters focus on culture (Chapter 12), and work and family (all-new Chapter 13). Each chapter provides context-specific guidelines for communicating effectively. · New-Self-Assessment Instruments in each chapter allow students to analyze their current communication behavior and its consequences. The behaviors discussed include listening styles, expressing emotions, self-disclosure, and ways to handle aggression. · Updated- Film Clips at the end of each chapter profile recent feature films-including About a Boy (intimacy and self-disclosure), Ghost World (defensiveness), and Life as a House (the role of touch in relationships)-that illustrate communication concepts from the text. · Updated- Focus on Research sidebars highlight scholarship that students will find interesting and useful. New profiles address a diverse array of topics, such as the many interpretations of "flaming" in e-mail messages and expressions of intimacy between fathers and sons. · Updated-The Interplay website: www.oup.com/us/highered/interplay features a wealth of resources on theories, concepts, and skills addressed in the text. The website includes a section titled "Now Playing" that contains reviews of recent films that illustrate communication concepts covered in the text. Other ancillaries include an updated and expanded instructor's manual and a computerized test bank. Interplay: The Process of Interpersonal Communication, 9/e is ideal for freshman and sophomore courses in communication, speech communication, and interpersonal communication.

Table of Contents

Preface	xii
PART ONE FOUNDATIONS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Interpersonal Process	1	(26)
Why We Communicate	2	(4)
Physical Needs	3	(1)
Identity Needs	4	(1)
Social Needs	4	(1)
Practical Needs	5	(1)
The Communication Process	6	(8)
A Model of Communication	6	(1)
Insights from the Communication Model	6	(3)
Communication Principles	9	(4)
Communication Misconceptions	13	(1)
Interpersonal Communication Defined	14	(5)
Quantitative and Qualitative Definitions	14	(2)
Personal and Impersonal Communication: A Matter of Balance	16	(1)
Interpersonal Communication and Technology	17	(2)
Communication Competence	19	(4)
Communication Competence Defined	19	(2)
Characteristics of Competent Communication	21	(2)
Summary	23	(1)
Activities	24	(3)
Communication and the Self	27	(26)
Communication and the Self-Concept	28	(13)
How the Self-Concept Develops	29	(3)
Characteristics of the Self-Concept	32	(5)
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy and Communication	37	(3)
Changing Your Self-Concept	40	(1)
Presenting the Self: Communication as Identity Management	41	(9)
Public and Private Selves	41	(1)
Characteristics of Identity Management	42	(3)
Why Manage Impressions?	45	(1)
How Do We Manage Impressions?	46	(2)
Identity Management and Honesty	48	(2)
Summary	50	(1)
Activities	50	(3)
Perceiving Others	53	(28)
The Perception Process	54	(6)
Selection	55	(1)
Organization	55	(3)
Interpretation	58	(1)
Negotiation	59	(1)
Influences on Perception	60	(7)
Physiological Influences	60	(2)
Psychological Influences	62	(1)
Social Influences	63	(3)
Cultural Influences	66	(1)
Common Tendencies in Perception	67	(4)
We Judge Ourselves More Charitably than We Do Others	68	(1)
We Are Influenced by Our Expectations	68	(1)
We Are Influenced by the Obvious	69	(1)
We Cling to First Impressions	69	(1)
We Assume Others Are Like Us	70	(1)
We Favor Negative Impressions	70	(1)
Perceiving Others More Accurately	71	(6)
Perception Checking	71	(1)
Building Empathy	72	(5)
Summary	77	(1)
Activities	77	(4)
PART TWO CREATING AND RESPONDING TO MESSAGES
Language	81	(30)
The Nature of Language	82	(5)
Language Is Symbolic	82	(1)
Language Is Rule-Governed	83	(1)
Language Is Subjective	84	(3)
The Impact of Language	87	(6)
Naming and Identity	87	(1)
Credibility and Status	88	(1)
Affiliation, Attraction, and Interest	89	(1)
Power	90	(1)
Sexism and Racism	91	(2)
Uses (and Abuses) of Language	93	(9)
Precision and Vagueness	93	(5)
The Language of Responsibility	98	(3)
Disruptive Language	101	(1)
Male and Female Language Use	102	(9)
Content	103	(1)
Reasons for Communicating	103	(1)
Conversational Style	104	(1)
Non-Sex Variables	105	(2)
Summary	107	(1)
Activities	108	(3)
Nonverbal Communication	111	(30)
Nonverbal Communication Defined	112	(1)
Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication	113	(5)
All Behavior Has Communicative Value	113	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Is Primarily Relational	114	(2)
Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous	116	(1)
Nonverbal Communication Is Influenced by Culture	117	(1)
Functions of Nonverbal Communication	118	(4)
Repeating	118	(1)
Substituting	118	(1)
Complementing and Accenting	119	(1)
Regulating	119	(1)
Contradicting	119	(1)
Deceiving	120	(2)
Types of Nonverbal Communication	122	(15)
Face and Eyes	122	(1)
Body Movement	123	(1)
Touch	124	(2)
Voice	126	(2)
Proxemics and Territoriality	128	(3)
Time	131	(1)
Physical Attractiveness	132	(1)
Clothing	132	(4)
Physical Environment	136	(1)
Summary	137	(1)
Activities	137	(4)
Listening	141	(30)
The Importance of Listening	142	(1)
Reasons for Listening	143	(1)
The Challenge of Listening	144	(3)
Hearing Is Not Listening	144	(1)
Listening Is Not Easy	144	(2)
All Listeners Do Not Receive the Same Message	146	(1)
Poor Listening Habits	146	(1)
Components of Listening	147	(2)
Hearing	147	(1)
Attending	148	(1)
Understanding	148	(1)
Remembering	149	(1)
Responding	149	(1)
Types of Listening Responses	149	(16)
Silent Listening	150	(1)
Questioning	151	(3)
Paraphrasing	154	(3)
Empathizing	157	(1)
Supporting	158	(2)
Analyzing	160	(2)
Evaluating	162	(2)
Advising	164	(1)
Which Style to Use?	165	(1)
Summary	165	(2)
Activities	167	(4)
Emotions	171	(28)
What Are Emotions?	172	(3)
Physiological Changes	172	(1)
Nonverbal Reactions	173	(1)
Cognitive Interpretations	173	(1)
Verbal Expression	174	(1)
Types of Emotions	175	(1)
First-Order and Second-Order Emotions	175	(1)
Primary and Mixed Emotions	175	(1)
Intense and Mild Emotions	176	(1)
Influences on Emotional Expression	176	(5)
Personality	176	(1)
Culture	177	(1)
Biological Sex and Gender	178	(1)
Social Conventions	179	(1)
Social Roles	180	(1)
Fear of Self-Disclosure	180	(1)
Emotional Contagion	181	(1)
Guidelines for Expressing Emotions	181	(5)
Recognize Your Feelings	182	(1)
Choose the Best Language	182	(1)
Share Multiple Feelings	182	(2)
Recognize the Difference between Feeling and Acting	184	(1)
Accept Responsibility for Your Feelings	185	(1)
Choose the Best Time and Place to Express Your Feelings	185	(1)
Managing Difficult Emotions	186	(9)
Facilitative and Debilitative Emotions	186	(1)
1
Thoughts Cause Feelings	187	(2)
Irrational Thinking and Debilitative Emotions	189	(5)
Minimizing Debilitative Emotions	194	(1)
Summary	195	(1)
Activities	196	(3)
PART THREE DIMENSIONS OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Dynamics of Interpersonal Relationships	199	(32)
Why We Form Relationships	201	(4)
Appearance	201	(1)
Similarity	201	(2)
Complementarity	203	(1)
Rewards	203	(1)
Competency	204	(1)
Proximity	205	(1)
Disclosure	205	(1)
Communication and Relational Dynamics	205	(14)
Developmental Models of Interpersonal Relationships	205	(8)
Dialectical Perspectives on Relational Dynamics	213	(5)
Characteristics of Relational Development	218	(1)
Communicating about Relationships	219	(1)
Content and Relational Messages	219	(1)
Expression of Relational Messages	220	(1)
Compliance Gaining in Interpersonal Relationships	220	(7)
Types of Compliance-Gaining Strategies	221	(4)
Which Strategy to Choose?	225	(2)
Summary	227	(1)
Activities	228	(3)
Intimacy and Distance in Relationships	231	(34)
Intimacy and Distance: Striking a Balance	232	(3)
Dimensions of Intimacy	232	(1)
Dimensions of Distance	233	(1)
The Dialectics of Intimacy and Distance	234	(1)
Influences on Intimacy and Distance	235	(4)
Male and Female Intimacy Styles	236	(2)
Cultural Influences on Intimacy	238	(1)
Self-Disclosure in Relationships	239	(12)
A Definition of Self-Disclosure	240	(2)
Degrees of Self-Disclosure	242	(2)
A Model of Self-Disclosure	244	(2)
Risks and Benefits of Self-Disclosure	246	(5)
Alternatives to Self-Disclosure	251	(7)
Lying	252	(3)
Equivocation	255	(2)
Hinting	257	(1)
The Ethics of Evasion	257	(1)
Guidelines for Self-Disclosure	258	(2)
Is the Other Person Important to You?	258	(1)
Is the Risk of Disclosing Reasonable?	258	(1)
Is the Self-Disclosure Appropriate?	258	(1)
Is the Disclosure Relevant to the Situation at Hand?	259	(1)
Is the Disclosure Reciprocated?	259	(1)
Will the Effect Be Constructive?	260	(1)
Is the Self-Disclosure Clear and Understandable?	260	(1)
Summary	260	(1)
Activities	261	(4)
Communication Climate	265	(30)
What Is Communication Climate?	266	(1)
How Communication Climates Develop	266	(10)
Levels of Message Confirmation	267	(6)
Defensiveness	273	(2)
Climate Patterns	275	(1)
Creating Positive Climates	276	(7)
Evaluation versus Description	277	(2)
Control versus Problem Orientation	279	(1)
Strategy versus Spontaneity	279	(1)
Neutrality versus Empathy	280	(1)
Superiority versus Equality	281	(1)
Certainty versus Provisionalism	282	(1)
Transforming Negative Climates	283	(8)
Seek More Information	283	(4)
Agree with the Critic	287	(4)
Summary	291	(1)
Activities	291	(4)
Managing Conflict	295	(32)
What Is Conflict?	296	(2)
Expressed Struggle	296	(1)
Perceived Incompatible Goals	297	(1)
Perceived Scarce Rewards	297	(1)
Interdependence	297	(1)
Inevitability	297	(1)
Functional and Dysfunctional Conflicts	298	(4)
Integration versus Polarization	299	(1)
Cooperation versus Opposition	299	(1)
Confirmation versus Disconfirmation	300	(1)
Agreement versus Coercion	300	(1)
De-escalation versus Escalation	300	(1)
Focusing versus Drifting	301	(1)
Foresight versus Shortsightedness	301	(1)
Positive versus Negative Results	301	(1)
Individual Conflict Styles	302	(6)
Nonassertion	303	(1)
Indirect Communication	304	(1)
Passive Aggression	305	(1)
Direct Aggression	305	(1)
Assertion	306	(1)
Which Style to Use?	307	(1)
Conflict in Relational Systems	308	(3)
Complementary, Symmetrical, and Parallel Styles	308	(2)
Intimate and Aggressive Styles	310	(1)
Conflict Rituals	310	(1)
Variables in Conflict Styles	311	(4)
Biological Sex and Gender	312	(1)
Culture	313	(2)
Methods of Conflict Resolution	315	(9)
Win-Lose	315	(2)
Lose-Lose	317	(1)
Compromise	318	(1)
Win-Win	319	(5)
Summary	324	(1)
Activities	325	(2)
PART FOUR CONTEXTS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
Culture and Communication	327	(26)
Fundamental Concepts	329	(3)
Culture	329	(1)
Intercultural Communication	329	(1)
Interpersonal and Intercultural Communication	330	(2)
Cultural Values and Norms	332	(6)
High- versus Low-Context	332	(1)
Individualism versus Collectivism	333	(1)
Power Distance	334	(2)
Uncertainty Avoidance	336	(1)
Achievement versus Nurturing	337	(1)
Codes and Culture	338	(8)
Verbal Codes	338	(4)
Nonverbal Codes	342	(1)
Decoding Messages	343	(3)
Developing Intercultural Communication Competence	346	(4)
Motivation and Attitude	346	(2)
Tolerance for Ambiguity	348	(1)
Open-mindedness	348	(1)
Knowledge and Skill	349	(1)
Summary	350	(1)
Activities	351	(2)
Communicating with Family and at Work	353	(24)
Communication in Families	354	(10)
Types of Family Communication	354	(2)
Elements of Family Communication	356	(4)
Effective Communication in Families	360	(4)
Relationships at Work	364	(9)
Communicating in Organizations	364	(3)
Relationships in Work Groups	367	(3)
Interviewing	370	(3)
Summary	373	(2)
Activities	375	(2)
Glossary	377	(7)
References	384	(34)
Name Index	418	(11)
Subject Index	429	(12)
Credits	441