Interpretation Of Airphotos And Remotely Sensed Imagery

by Arnold, Robert H.

• ISBN13: 9781577663539
• ISBN10: 1577663535
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-06-30
• Publisher: Waveland Pr Inc

Table of Contents

Preface 2004	xl
Preface	xii
Overview: The Field of Remote Sensing	xiil
Concepts of Scale	1	(6)
Terminology	1	(1)
Background information	1	(1)
Methods of representing map and image scale	1	(2)
Determining scale by comparison	3	(2)
Resolution and detection factors	5	(1)
Exercise 1 Scale and image quality factors	6	(1)
Direct Measure of Linear Distance and Area	7	(7)
Terminology	7	(1)
Measurement on maps and images	7	(1)
Measuring linear distance	7	(2)
Measuring areas on maps and images	9	(3)
Exercise 2 Direct measurement on maps and images	12	(2)
Parameters of Image Signatures	14	(9)
Terminology	14	(1)
The signature concept in image interpretation	14	(1)
Electromagnetic radiation	14	(2)
Spectral signatures	16	(2)
Other signature characteristics	18	(1)
Topographic inversion	18	(1)
Color signatures	18	(2)
Exercise 3 Establishing signature characteristics	20	(3)
Photogrammetric Considerations	23	(13)
Terminology	23	(1)
Photogrammetry defined	23	(1)
Vertical vs. oblique airphotos	23	(1)
Components of the vertical airphoto	24	(1)
Camera-ground relationships	24	(1)
Typical overflight characteristics	25	(1)
Airphotos and stereovision	25	(2)
Camera-altitude-scale relationships	27	(1)
Direct determination of object heights	27	(3)
Construction and use of a stereogram file	30	(2)
Communicating image location	32	(1)
Exercise 4 Object heights/stereogram construction	32	(4)
Land Use and Land Cover Mapping	36	(8)
Terminology	36	(1)
Land use mapping as a goal of image interpretation	36	(1)
Antecedents of land use/land cover mapping	36	(1)
Soils mapping by the Soil Conservation Service	37	(2)
MacConnell's land use and vegetative cover mapping	39	(1)
The classification system of the USGS	39	(2)
Factors limiting land use/land cover mapping	41	(1)
Exercise 5 Creating a LU/LC Classification	42	(2)
Interpretation Log Exercise	44	(6)
Terminology	44	(1)
The documentation of signatures	44	(1)
The interpretation log as a tool	44	(1)
Creation of a comprehensive interpretation log file	45	(3)
Example log entry for Peoria, IL	48	(1)
Exercise 6 Other log interpretation questions	48	(2)
Color Infrared Photography	50	(9)
Terminology	50	(1)
False color photography	50	(1)
History and uses of CIR photography	51	(1)
Sensitivity and performance of CIR film	52	(1)
National High Altitude Photography (NHAP) Program	52	(1)
National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP)	52	(1)
Establishing CIR signatures	53	(2)
CIR Videography	55	(1)
Exercise 7 Information extraction from CIR images	55	(4)
Interpretation Mapping with Multiple Images	59	(19)
Terminology	59	(1)
Introduction	59	(1)
Airphoto mosaics	59	(1)
Guidelines for uncontrolled mosaic layout	60	(3)
Interpretation and mapping procedures	63	(3)
Image documentation of change through time	66	(9)
Exercise 8 Interpretive mapping of multiple images	75	(3)
Satellite Mapping of Earth Resources	78	(26)
Terminology	78	(1)
Historical perspective	78	(1)
The Landsat system of the United States	78	(5)
The Spot program	83	(7)
Space Transportation System (STS) photography	90	(5)
Exercise 9 Satellite mapping of Earth resources	95	(9)
Satellite Mapping of Earth's Atmosphere and Water Resources	104	(29)
Terminology	104	(1)
Background	104	(3)
Spectral bands utilized	107	(1)
Geostationary Weather Satellites	108	(5)
Polar Orbiter Satellites	113	(11)
Hand held photography from space	124	(1)
Exercise 10 Satellite mapping of Earth's atmosphere and water resources	124	(9)
Interpretation of Radar Imagery	133	(19)
Terminology	133	(1)
Historical perspective	133	(1)
System characteristics	134	(3)
Radar return and image signatures	137	(2)
Seasat radar imagery	139	(4)
Shuttle imaging radar	143	(1)
Exercise 11 Interpretation of radar imagery	143	(9)
Interpretation of Selected Earth Surface Phenomena	152	(43)
Terminology	152	(1)
Recognition/identification factors	152	(1)
Examples of strong environmental impact	153	(1)
Exercise 12.1 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong environmental impact---Phoenix, AZ	153	(5)
Exercise 12.2 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong environmental impact---Harrisburg, PA	158	(3)
Exercise 12.3 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong environmental impact---Orlando and Lake County, FL	161	(3)
Examples of strong environmental impact---other agriculture: four locations	164	(2)
Exercise 12.4 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong environmental impact---agriculture	166	(8)
Examples of strong human imprint on the land	174	(4)
Exercise 12.5 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong human imprint on the land---Haverstraw Bay	178	(1)
Exercise 12.6 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong human imprint on the land---J.F.K. Airport, NY	178	(4)
Exercise 12.7 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong human imprint on the land---Huntington, NY	182	(5)
Exercise 12.8 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: areas of strong human imprint on the land---Orange Co., CA	187	(1)
Examples of past landscapes---archaeology	187	(1)
Exercise 12.9 Interpretation of selected Earth surface phenomena: examples of past landscapes---archaeology	188	(4)
Declassified satellite photography---a ``new source'' of imagery in Earth surface investigation	192	(2)
Exercise 12.10 Declassified satellite photography---a ``new source'' of imagery in Earth surface investigation	194	(1)
Digital Image Processing of Remotely Sensed Data	195	(9)
Terminology	195	(1)
Background of digital imaging	195	(1)
The value of digital image processing	196	(1)
Digital image processing procedures	197	(4)
Getting started in digital image processing	201	(1)
Exercise 13 Digital image processing of remotely sensed data	202	(2)
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	204
Terminology	204	(1)
The scientific and political setting	204	(1)
Materials of assessment in every locality	204	(1)
The multi-sensor approach to monitoring and assessment	205	(1)
Developments in large scale multi-band sensing	205	(2)
Application of monitoring and assessment technology to a local study area in Essex County, MA	207	(7)
Exercise 14 Environmental monitoring and assessment	214	(2)
Appendixes
A Raisz Landform Map of the United States Image locations shown by chapter and figure numbers	216	(2)
B Reproducible Tools of Interpretation Measurement tools - coordinate scale (Roamer) and protractor; aerial photo scale; parallax wedge; random dot grid	218	(4)
C Stereogram card	222	(1)
D Land Use and Land Cover Classifications	223	(6)
E Selected Sources	229	(3)
F Glossary of Selected Terminology	232