Introduction to Animal Science

by Pond, Wilson G.; Pond, Kevin R.

• ISBN13: 9780471170945
• ISBN10: 0471170941
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-02-11
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Pond is for the mainstream introduction to animal science taught in every university that has a school of agriculture or animal science department. The result of years of teaching, the book provides students with a comprehensive and balanced overview of animal agriculture in contemporary society, taking into account the needs of students with highly varied cultural backgrounds and educational objectives.

Author Biography

Wilson G. Pond is the author of Introduction to Animal Science, published by Wiley. Kevin R. Pond is the author of Introduction to Animal Science, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Preface
SECTION ONE
Food Production	1	(19)
Historical Perspective	1	(1)
Human Population Growth	2	(2)
Role of Research and of Land, Water, Soil, and Energy Resources	4	(5)
Food Consumption	9	(7)
Who Produces the Food?	16	(2)
Summary	18	(2)
Domestic Animals	20	(13)
An Overview of the Contributions of Domestic Animals	20	(2)
Food from Animals	22	(1)
Animal Byproducts	23	(2)
Pharmaceuticals and Therapeutic Agents	25	(1)
Companionship and Pleasure	25	(2)
Faithful Stewards	27	(1)
Draft Power and Transportation	28	(1)
Manure, Crop Residues, and Food Processing Wastes	28	(3)
Biomedical Research	31	(1)
Summary	31	(2)
Animal Agriculture in the United States and the World	33	(19)
Historical Perspective	33	(1)
Animal and Crop Production Profiles in the World	34	(4)
Animal and Crop Production Profiles in the United States	38	(11)
The Place of the United States in World Animal Agriculture	49	(1)
Summary	50	(2)
SECTION TWO
Reproduction	52	(29)
Gonadotropic Hormones and Their Functions	53	(1)
Male Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions	54	(5)
Female Organs of Reproduction and Their Functions	59	(4)
The Estrous Cycle	63	(2)
Pregnancy	65	(2)
Parturition	67	(2)
Artificial Insemination	69	(3)
Estrus Detection	72	(1)
Estrus Synchronization	72	(1)
Fertilization	73	(1)
Embryo Transfer	74	(2)
Summary	76	(5)
Lactation	81	(18)
The Mammary Gland	81	(3)
Milk Synthesis and Secretion	84	(2)
Colostrum	86	(1)
Milk Composition	87	(3)
Milk Production	90	(5)
Metabolic Cost of Lactation	95	(1)
Summary	96	(3)
Genetics	99	(28)
Introduction	99	(1)
Genes and Chromosomes of the Cell	100	(6)
Mitosis	106	(1)
Meiosis	106	(1)
Fertilization and Growth	107	(2)
Dominant and Recessive Alleles for a Single Trait: Six Possible Outcomes	109	(1)
Types of Gene Action	110	(2)
Quantitatively Inherited Traits	112	(1)
Selection	113	(3)
Mating Systems	116	(3)
Molecular Genetics	119	(3)
Summary	122	(5)
Growth	127	(19)
Methods of Expressing Growth	128	(1)
Body Weight as a Measure of Growth	129	(2)
Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, and Differentiation	131	(3)
Growth of Brain, Skeleton, Muscle, and Adipose Tissue	134	(6)
Strategies for Regulating Growth	140	(1)
Growth of Placenta, Fetus, and Mammary Tissues in Mammals and Embryo in Birds	140	(4)
Summary	144	(2)
Nutrition and Feeding	146	(66)
Nutrients	147	(29)
The Gastrointestinal Tract: Structure, Digestion, and Absorption	176	(6)
Factors Affecting Feed Consumption	182	(1)
Feeds and Feeding	183	(13)
Summary	196	(16)
SECTION THREE
Animal Husbandry: Fulfilling Animal Needs	212	(20)
Space and Place	213	(1)
Thermal Environment	214	(5)
Light Environment	219	(3)
Environmental Effects on Animal Health	222	(2)
Air Pollution in Animal Houses	224	(1)
Effects of High Altitude	224	(1)
Animal-Human Interactions	225	(1)
Animal Accommodations	226	(3)
Assessing Environmental Quality	229	(1)
Summary	230	(2)
Animal States-of-Being	232	(19)
Domestication and Adaptability	232	(1)
Multifaceted Internal and External Environments	233	(3)
Environmental Adaptability	236	(2)
Animal Needs	238	(4)
Inevitable Compromises	242	(1)
A Public Issue: Farm-Animal Welfare	243	(4)
Summary	247	(4)
New and Emerging Issues	251	(24)
Plant-Animal Ecosystems	252	(1)
Ecological Balance and Environmental Quality	253	(4)
Animal Well-Being	257	(2)
Biological Diversity	259	(3)
Biotechnology	262	(3)
Food Safety	265	(3)
Economic Support for Agriculture	268	(2)
Challenges and Opportunities for Animal Science Graduates in the Twenty-first Century	270	(1)
Graduates in the Twenty-first Century	270	(1)
Summary	271	(4)
SECTION FOUR
Live Animal Evaluation: Beef Cattle, Sheep, and Swine	275	(26)
Live Animal Evaluation: Past and Present	276	(1)
Beef Cattle Evaluation	277	(9)
Sheep Evaluation	286	(6)
Swine Evaluation	292	(7)
Summary	299	(2)
Dairy Cattle	301	(34)
Changes and Trends in the Dairy Industry	302	(4)
Dairy Cattle Breeds	306	(1)
Milk Marketing	306	(2)
Genetic Improvement	308	(2)
Housing Systems	310	(6)
Herd Health	316	(1)
Nutrition and Feeding	316	(8)
Reproductive Management	324	(2)
Dairy Replacements	326	(3)
Economics	329	(3)
Summary	332	(3)
Beef Cattle	335	(38)
Historical Aspects	336	(1)
Cattle Statistics	336	(2)
Production Systems	338	(4)
Breeding and Genetic Considerations	342	(7)
Reproductive Management	349	(4)
Nutritional Management	353	(7)
Herd Health Concerns	360	(3)
General Management Considerations and Issues	363	(6)
Summary	369	(4)
Poultry and Egg Production	373	(27)
Integrated Production Systems	374	(1)
Reproduction	375	(2)
Breeding	377	(2)
Incubation	379	(1)
Brooding and Rearing	380	(2)
Feeding and Nutrition	382	(1)
Housing	383	(5)
Equipment	388	(1)
Lighting Poultry	389	(2)
Production Systems	391	(5)
Health Maintenance	396	(2)
Summary	398	(2)
Horses and the Horse Industry	400	(41)
History of the Horse and the Horse Industry in the United States	401	(13)
Horse Care and Health Programs	414	(5)
Nutrition	419	(6)
Housing and Containment	425	(1)
Raising Horses	426	(1)
Breeding Horses	427	(8)
Training Horses	435	(1)
Buying and/or Selling a Horse	436	(2)
Summary	438	(3)
Swine	441	(45)
Description and characteristics of Swine Production	442	(5)
Issues Facing the Pork Industry	447	(3)
Pork as Human Food	450	(2)
Life Cycle	452	(4)
Breeds	456	(1)
Applied Genetics	457	(5)
Nutrition and Feeding	462	(7)
Health	469	(1)
Types of Production	470	(3)
Husbandry and Management	473	(6)
Marketing	479	(4)
Emerging Technologies	483	(1)
Summary	483	(3)
Sheep and Goats	486	(24)
Number of Sheep and Goats	487	(1)
Breeds of Sheep and Goats	488	(2)
Production Systems	490	(3)
Breeding Management	493	(1)
Feeding and Nutrition	494	(5)
Gestational Concerns	499	(3)
Lambing and Kidding management	502	(3)
Growing and Finishing	505	(1)
Diseases and Parasites	505	(2)
Marketing	507	(1)
Summary	507	(3)
Aquatic Animals	510	(16)
Evolution of Aquaculture	511	(1)
Benefits of Aquaculture	511	(1)
Comparison of Feeding Fish versus Livestock	512	(1)
Feeding and Nutrition	513	(2)
Aquaculture and the Environment	515	(1)
Commercial Aquaculture	516	(8)
Summary	524	(2)
Dogs and Cats	526	(27)
Dogs and Cats in American Society	527	(2)
Careers in the Pet Industry	529	(1)
Nutritional Requirements of Dogs and Cats	530	(8)
Basic Health Care	538	(7)
Reproduction in the Kennel or Cattery	545	(3)
Development and Socialization of Puppies and Kittens	548	(1)
Summary	549	(4)
Other Animals, Other Uses, Other Opportunities	553	(31)
Animals for Food, Hides, and Fiber	554	(20)
Animals Raised for Fur	574	(1)
Animals in Research	575	(1)
Animals as Tissue and Organ Donors	576	(2)
Animals as Pets and Companions	578	(1)
Animals in Zoos and Aquariums	579	(1)
Summary	580	(4)
SECTION FIVE
Meat and Meat Products	584	(28)
Modern Methods of Processing Carcasses	585	(1)
Distribution of Meat and Meat products	586	(1)
Packaging of Retail Meat Cuts	587	(1)
The Diet/Health ``Scare'' for Red Meats and the Response by the Livestock Industry	588	(1)
Low Fat Meats	589	(1)
The Other White Meat	589	(2)
Slaughter Plant Size	591	(1)
Food Safety	592	(1)
U.S. Meat Production	593	(1)
Meat Inspection	593	(2)
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points	595	(1)
Carcass Composition	595	(2)
Composition of Muscle	597	(2)
Age, Sex, Weight, Fatness, Grade and Breed Effects on Meat Quality and Value	599	(6)
Effects of Fatness on Meat Palatability	605	(2)
Effects of Cooking	607	(1)
Why Meat Retail Cuts Differ in Price	608	(2)
Summary	610	(2)
Milk and Milk Products	612	(25)
Composition of Milk Dairy Foods	614	(2)
Milk Microbiology	616	(5)
Milk Processing	621	(6)
Processing of Cultured Byproducts	627	(2)
Other Products	629	(2)
Defects	631	(2)
Cleaning and Sanitation of Dairy Plant Systems	633	(2)
Operating Efficiencies	635	(1)
In-Plant Quality Audits	635	(1)
Summary	635	(2)
Poultry and Egg Processing and Products	637	(17)
Poultry Meat	637	(9)
Eggs	646	(4)
Liquid Eggs	650	(2)
Summary	652	(2)
Aquaculture Products	654	(9)
Importance of Aquaculture Products	654	(1)
Nutritional Value of Fish	655	(2)
Processing and marketing and Aquaculture Products	657	(1)
Quality	658	(2)
Future of Aquaculture Products	660	(1)
Summary	660	(3)
Wool, Mohair and Other Animal Fibers	663	(19)
Wool	663	(11)
Mohair	674	(1)
Other Animal Fibers	675	(1)
Pelts skins and Hides	676	(2)
Summary	678	(4)
The Future: Animals and Society in the 21st Century	682	(1)
Demand for Animal Products	683	(1)
Food Resources	684	(1)
Trends and Expectations on the Nature of U.S. Animal Agriculture	684	(2)
Opportunities in Animal Agriculture	686	(1)
Summary	687
Appendices	A-1
Index	I-1