Introduction to Animal Science

by Shapiro, Leland S.

• ISBN13: 9780139209925
• ISBN10: 0139209921
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-09-28
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

The book shifts the concentration of raising livestock from Husbandry to Animal Science. The author took the format of the Blakely and Blade's popularThe Science of Animal Husbandryand added an additional emphasis on more modern husbandry, science, and welfare concerns for the 21st Century.The Book covers animal reproduction, genetics, nutrition, breeds, health and general management of the various livestock. Including some additional species that have caught the interest of agriculture.For readers in the agriculture or dairy industry that need information on the modern day science of raising livestock.

Author Biography

Dr. Leland S. Shapiro is the director of the preveterinary science program at Los Angeles Pierce College.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
About the Author	xiii
Overview of animal Science: Statistics, History, and Future	1	(17)
Objectives	1	(1)
Key Terms	1	(1)
Introduction	1	(1)
The Beginning of Animal Science	2	(1)
The Introduction of Animals to North America	3	(1)
The Growth of Animals in the United States	3	(4)
Taxonomy	7	(1)
World Politics, Numbers, and Economics	8	(4)
Animal Science in the Twenty-First Century	12	(3)
Summary	15	(1)
Evaluation Questions	15	(2)
Discussion Questions	17	(1)
Animal Breeding and Genetics	18	(12)
Objectives	18	(1)
Key Terms	18	(1)
Introduction	19	(1)
The Cell: Carrier of Genetic Material	19	(1)
Mendel's Experiments	20	(2)
Incomplete, Partial, or Codominance	22	(1)
Sex Determination	23	(1)
Sex-Limited Genes	23	(1)
Sex-Linked Traits	23	(1)
Hereditary Defects	24	(1)
Systems of Mating	25	(2)
Summary	27	(1)
Evaluation Questions	27	(2)
Discussion Questions	29	(1)
Animal Reproduction	30	(35)
Objectives	30	(1)
Key Terms	30	(1)
Introduction	31	(1)
Anatomy	31	(11)
Estrous cycle	42	(2)
Fertilization	44	(2)
Gestation	46	(5)
Artificial Insemination	51	(9)
Summary	60	(1)
Evaluation Questions	61	(3)
Recommended Reading	64	(1)
Animal Nutrition	65	(32)
Objectives	65	(1)
Key Terms	65	(1)
Introduction	65	(3)
Anatomy of the Digestive System	68	(10)
Essential Nutrients	78	(9)
The Uses of Feed Nutrients	87	(5)
Summary	92	(1)
Evaluation Questions	92	(3)
Discussion Questions	95	(2)
Dairy Industry	97	(74)
Objectives	97	(1)
Key Terms	97	(1)
Introduction	98	(1)
History of the Dairy Industry	98	(3)
The Dairy Industry Today	101	(2)
Dairy Farm Income and Expenses	103	(1)
Dairy Breeds	104	(4)
Feeding and General Management of Dairy Cattle	108	(15)
Common Dairy Metabolic Disorders	123	(5)
Breeding, Selecting, and Judging Dairy Cattle	128	(9)
Milk Secretion and Milking Machines	137	(10)
Herd Health Disorders	147	(19)
Miscellaneous Dairy Cattle Housing	166	(1)
Summary	166	(1)
Evaluation Questions	167	(3)
Discussion Questions	170	(1)
Dairy and Meat Goat Industry	171	(18)
Objectives	171	(1)
Key Terms	171	(1)
Introduction	171	(7)
Dairy Goat Management	178	(1)
Characteristics of Goat Milk	179	(1)
Feeding Goats	180	(1)
Lactation	181	(1)
Reproduction in the Goat	181	(1)
Parturition (Kidding)	182	(1)
Management of Kids from Birth to Puberty	183	(1)
Herd Health	184	(3)
Summary	187	(1)
Evaluation Questions	187	(1)
Discussion Questions	188	(1)
Beef Production	189	(64)
Objectives	189	(1)
Key Terms	189	(1)
Introduction	190	(1)
U.S. Regions of Beef Production	190	(4)
Beef Breeds	194	(11)
The Beef Carcass	205	(12)
Stocker systems	217	(1)
Fattening Cattle	218	(4)
Beef Cattle Husbandry, Facilities, and Equipment	222	(14)
Selection of Beef Cattle	236	(13)
Summary	249	(1)
Evaluation Questions	249	(3)
Discussion Questions	252	(1)
Sheep Production	253	(61)
Objectives	253	(1)
Key Terms	253	(1)
Introduction	254	(2)
Breeds of Sheep	256	(22)
Sheep Nutrition	278	(8)
Sheep Reproduction	286	(4)
Tail Docking and Castration	290	(1)
Diseases of Sheep	290	(10)
Predators	300	(1)
Sheep Selection, Wool Care, and Marketing	301	(6)
Slaughtering Process of Sheep	307	(2)
Summary	309	(1)
Evaluation Questions	310	(2)
Discussion Questions	312	(1)
Recommended Reading	313	(1)
The Swine Industry	314	(65)
Objectives	314	(1)
Key Terms	314	(1)
Introduction	315	(1)
Brief History o Swine	315	(1)
Taxonomy	316	(1)
Breeds of Swine	316	(7)
Swine Selection	323	(7)
The Pork Carcass	330	(11)
Swine Management	341	(6)
Swine Reproduction	347	(2)
Swine Nutrition	349	(11)
Swine Health Management	360	(13)
Animal Welfare	373	(1)
Summary	374	(1)
Evaluation Questions	374	(3)
Discussion Questions	377	(1)
Swine Breed Associations	377	(1)
Sources of Boar Semen	378	(1)
The Poultry Industry	379	(48)
Objectives	379	(1)
Key Terms	380	(1)
Introduction	380	(2)
Taxonomy and Breeds	382	(6)
Anatomy and Physiology of the Chicken	388	(4)
Reproductive System and the Egg	392	(1)
Nutrition	393	(7)
Diseases and Parasites of Poultry	400	(10)
The Broiler and Layer Industry	410	(7)
Special Considerations for Turkeys, Ducks, and Geese	417	(6)
Summary	423	(1)
Evaluation Questions	423	(3)
Discussion Questions	426	(1)
Recommended Reading	426	(1)
The Equine Industry	427	(82)
Objective	427	(1)
Key Terms	427	(1)
Introductions	427	(5)
Taxonomy	432	(1)
Breeds of Horses	433	(24)
Donkeys: Jacks and Jennets	457	(1)
Mules	457	(1)
Horse Reproduction and Management	458	(9)
Horse Selection	467	(5)
Teething	472	(2)
Nutrition	474	(13)
Diseases of Horses	487	(18)
Injuries of Horses	505	(1)
Summary	505	(1)
Evaluation Question	505	(3)
Discussion Questions	508	(1)
Recommended Reading	508	(1)
The Rabbit Industry	509	(23)
Objectives	509	(1)
Key Terms	509	(1)
Introductions	509	(1)
Domestication and Breeds of Rabbits	510	(5)
Selection of Breeding Rabbits	515	(1)
Pet Rabbit Industry	516	(1)
Rabbit Meat Industry	516	(1)
Laboratory Rabbits	517	(1)
Reptile Feeder Market	517	(1)
Rabbitry Management	517	(3)
Feeding the Rabbit Herd	520	(3)
Reproductive Management	523	(2)
Rabbit Fur or Wool Industry	525	(1)
Rabbit Health Matters	526	(3)
Summary	529	(1)
Evaluation Questions	529	(2)
Discussion Questions	531	(1)
The Camelid (Lamoid) Industry	532	(12)
Objectives	532	(1)
Introduction	532	(2)
Llama Nutrition	534	(2)
Llama Reproduction	536	(1)
Male Berserk Syndrome	537	(1)
Herd Health	537	(3)
Uses of Llamas	540	(2)
Summary	542	(1)
Evaluation Questions	542	(1)
Discussion Questions	543	(1)
Recommended Reading	543	(1)
Ostriches	544	(9)
Objectives	544	(1)
Introduction	544	(1)
Reproduction	545	(1)
Meat, hide, and Feathers	546	(1)
Dangerous Birds	547	(1)
Nutrition	547	(2)
Diseases and Other Health-related Disorders	549	(1)
Summary	550	(1)
Evaluation Questions	551	(1)
Discussion Questions	551	(2)
Glossary	553	(16)
Index	569

Excerpts

PrefaceWhen I first came to L.A. Pierce College, almost 30 years ago, the introduction to livestock production course, as it was called back then, was being taught by Professor Lindsay Boggess. Its major emphasis was introducing animal, dairy, and equine science students, general agriculture students, and those pursuing careers in veterinary medicine to the basic terminology and management procedures associated with the various production animal agriculture enterprises in the United States. Most students taking the course were production oriented at that time and most came from families either directly or indirectly connected to animal agriculture.In the early 1970s, the field of animal husbandry taught theartof raising livestock in a healthy, humane, and profitable manner. Today, it is animalscienceand not husbandry that is the main focus of introductory courses in livestock raising. A tremendous advancement in the use of chemistry, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, and nutrition, along with animal welfare, has changed the emphasis and interests in production agriculture. Although the art of animal production is still extremely important and is absolutely necessary for profitable and humane livestock enterprises, this text will concentrate primarily on the science. We suggest that students take additional laboratory hands-on courses to learn the art. It takes thousands of hours working with livestock and a trained master to really learn the art of animal husbandry.In 1976, when I began teaching in the animal science department at Pierce College, we were using Blakely and Bade'sThe Science of Animal Husbandry.For more than two decades, it proved to be an excellent text to introduce students to this field. I was very fortunate in being asked to help rewrite and edit the sixth edition, published in 1994. Its use throughout the world at many colleges, universities, and high schools indicates its popularity.This first edition ofIntroduction to Animal Scienceuses much the same format, photographs, and material that we included in our last edition of Blakely and Bade's text but adds additional emphasis on more modern husbandry, science, and welfare concerns of the twenty-first century. I would like to acknowledge and thank Drs. James Blakely and David H. Bade for their contributions to this text. We have included in this text some additional species that seem to have caught the interest of many new agricultural entrepreneurs around the United States.Fourteen chapters covering introductory animal reproduction, genetics, nutrition, breeds, animal health, and general management of the various common livestock species are included. Some of the chapters are quite large and are not meant to be covered in one classroom setting but are simply divided into units based on animal species. At the end of each chapter an evaluation section will assist students in preparing for exams and quizzes. A glossary is found at the end of the text to enable students to comprehend new terms throughout their reading. Acknowledgements I am greatly indebted to Drs. James Blakely and David Bade for their contribution to this text. Their original work,The Science of Animal Husbandry,formed the basic outline of this text. My longstanding collaborative relationship with the agriculture faculty at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, the University of California-Davis, and Oregon State University-Corvallis provided me with a clear understanding of the educational needs of undergraduate agriculture and veterinary students. It was this understanding that enabled me to recreate this first edition ofIntroduction to Animal Science.In particular, I want to acknowledge my former professors, the late Professor Harmon Toone, Dr. Herman Rickard, Dr. Joe Sabol, Professor Lindsay Boggess, Professor John