Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction

by Hutchings, Michael T.

• ISBN13: 9780203402818
• ISBN10: 0203402812
• Copyright: 2005-02-28
• Publisher: Taylor & Francis

Summary

Since the 1980s, the field of neutron diffraction has grown significantly. Introduction to Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction offers a comprehensive overview that serves as a starting point for people gaining interest in the subject, whether for scientific or engineering applications. Written by experts in the field, this exceptional book includes descriptions of the basic scattering properties of neutrons and of quantities of direct relevance for a thorough understanding of matters that affect the recorded data. The book also covers the analysis and interpretation of measured data, the conversion of strains to stresses, and theoretical treatments of polycrystal deformation.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Residual Stress: Friend or Foe?

Historical Development of Stress Measurement by Diffraction

Special Characteristics of Neutron Strain Measurement

Nature and Origin of Residual Stress

Effects of Residual Stress

Fundamentals of Neutron Diffraction

Introduction

Scattering and Absorption of Neutrons and X-Rays by Atoms

Neutron Diffraction from Crystalline Solids

Penetration of Neutron Beams

Effects of Lattice Vibrations

Extinction, Texture, and Multiple Scattering

Diffraction Techniques and Instrument Design

Neutron Sources

Diffractometers for Strain Measurement

Neutron Detectors

The Instrumental Resolution

Instrument Gauge Volumes

Sampled Gauge Volume and Effective Measurement Position

Specialized Instruments for Strain Measurement

Practical Aspects of Strain Measurement Using Neutron Diffraction

Introduction

Measurement of Diffraction Bragg Peak Profile

Analyzing Bragg Peak Profiles

Accuracy of Diffraction Peak Center Determination

Analysis of Complete Diffraction Profiles for Strain

Strain-Free Reference

Reproducibility Tests

Interpretation and Analysis of Lattice Strain Data

Inferring Stresses from Lattice Strains

Introduction to Mechanics of Crystallite Deformation

Elastic Anisotropy of Single Crystals

The Bulk Elastic Response of Polycrystals

hkl-Specific Response in a Polycrystal Undergoing Elastic Deformation

hkl-Specific Response in a Polycrystal Undergoing Plastic Deformation

Applications to Problems in Materials Science and Engineering

Introduction

Welded Structures

Composites and Other Multiphase Materials

Plastically Deformed Components and Materials

Near-Surface Stresses

In Situ and Through-Process or Life Studies

The Future

Symbols and Abbreviations

Glossary

Appendices

Note on Reactor Flux Spectrum

Relation between the Centroid of Sampled Gauge Volume and Translator Reading

Points for Consideration When Making a Neutron Diffraction Stress Measurement

Macroscopic Scattering Cross-Sections of All Elements

Index

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