Introduction to Chemical Dependency Counseling

by Levin, Jerome D.; Culkin, Joseph; Perrotto, Richard S.

• ISBN13: 9780765702890
• ISBN10: 0765702894
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-03-01
• Publisher: Jason Aronson, Inc.
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

This book is a basic resource of knowledge about alcoholism and drug addiction. The authors cover the scientific and clinical aspects of chemical dependency in a balanced way with case vignettes to illustrate clinical issues. Chemical dependency counseling must deal with and absorb a complex and intriguing web of fact and theory drawn from sciences, medicine, and other fields. This book offers a whole set of specific techniques that will help clinicians develop into artful practitioners.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction to Chemical Dependency Counseling	1	(18)
The Scope of Chemical Dependency Counseling	2	(5)
What Is Chemical Dependency Counseling?	2	(3)
Chemical Dependency Counseling and Other Health Professions	5	(2)
History of Chemical Dependency Counseling	7	(8)
Early Figures and Movements	8	(1)
Alcoholics Anonymous and the Twelve-Step Movement	9	(3)
The Peer Counseling Movement and Professionalization	12	(1)
Employee Assistance Programs	13	(1)
Therapeutic Communities	14	(1)
Professional Counseling and Chemical Dependency	15	(4)
Education and Certification	15	(1)
Employment Opportunities	16	(3)
Psychoactive Drugs	19	(18)
Psychoactive Drugs and the Nervous System	20	(3)
Electrical and Chemical Events in Neurons	21	(1)
How Psychoactive Drugs Affect Neurons and the Synapse	21	(1)
Types of Neurotransmitters	22	(1)
Depressants	23	(3)
Alcohol	23	(2)
Barbiturates And Other Sedative-Hypnotics	25	(1)
Benzodiazepines	25	(1)
Mechanisms of Action	26	(1)
Opioids	26	(2)
Morphine and Other Prescription Opioids	26	(1)
Heroin	26	(1)
Methadone	27	(1)
Mechanisms of Action	28	(1)
Stimulants	28	(2)
Cocaine	28	(1)
Amphetamines	29	(1)
Mechanisms of Action	30	(1)
Hallucinogens	30	(2)
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide	31	(1)
Phencyclidine	31	(1)
Mechanisms of Action	32	(1)
Cannabinoids	32	(2)
Marijuana and Hashish	32	(1)
Mechanisms of Action	33	(1)
Inhalants	34	(3)
Types of Inhalants	34	(1)
Psychoactive Effects and Mechanisms of Action	34	(3)
The Assessment of Chemical Dependency	37	(20)
The Clinical Interview	38	(4)
Underreporting of Drug Use	38	(1)
Types of Interviews	38	(1)
Interview Strategies	39	(3)
Substance Abuse Assessment Instruments	42	(5)
Screening Instruments	42	(2)
Structured Interview Schedules	44	(2)
Assessment of Motivation for Change	46	(1)
Psychological Testing	47	(4)
Characteristics of Psychological Tests	47	(1)
Self-Report Inventories	48	(1)
Projective Tests	49	(1)
Intelligence and Neuropsychological Tests	50	(1)
Laboratory Analysis	51	(6)
History and Rationale of Drug Testing	51	(1)
Drugs Tested and Characteristics of Drug-Testing Methods	52	(1)
Types of Biological Specimens Analyzed	53	(4)
Diagnosis and Types of Chemical Dependency	57	(20)
The Scope of Psychoactive Drug Use	58	(3)
Epidemiology of Psychoactive Drug Use	58	(1)
The National Household Survey	58	(1)
The Monitoring the Future Study	59	(2)
The Diagnosis of Substance-Related Disorders	61	(7)
Substance-Related Disorders and the DSM-IV	61	(1)
Substance Abuse	62	(2)
Substance Dependence	64	(2)
Substance Withdrawal	66	(2)
The Course of Substance Abuse and Dependence	68	(2)
General Trends	68	(1)
The Course of Alcohol and Drug Dependence	69	(1)
Types of Alcoholism	70	(7)
Early Views of Alcoholism Types	70	(1)
The Type 1-Type 2 Model	71	(1)
A Biopsychosocial Model	72	(1)
The Type A-Type B Model	73	(1)
Alcoholism Types: An Integration	73	(4)
Development and Chemical Dependency	77	(20)
Principles of Human Development	78	(5)
The Developmental Perspective	78	(3)
Developmental Models and Chemical Dependency	81	(2)
Developmental Research	83	(4)
Retrospective Research	83	(1)
The Longitudinal Method	83	(1)
Vulnerability, Risk, and Protection	83	(4)
Drug Use Across the Life Span	87	(10)
Childhood	87	(2)
Adolescence	89	(3)
Adulthood	92	(5)
Causes of Chemical Dependency	97	(24)
Biology of Chemical Dependency	98	(5)
The Disease Model of Chemical Dependency	98	(1)
Hereditary Influences	99	(2)
Neurophysiology of Addiction	101	(2)
Personality and Chemical Dependency	103	(3)
Psychodynamic Views	103	(1)
Personality Traits	104	(2)
Learning and Chemical Dependency	106	(3)
Classical Conditioning	107	(1)
Operant Conditioning	107	(2)
Cognitive Influences on Chemical Dependency	109	(3)
Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theory	109	(2)
Expectancy Theory	111	(1)
Motivation and Emotion	112	(2)
Tension and Stress Reduction	112	(2)
Sociocultural Influences	114	(7)
The Family	114	(2)
Social Factors	116	(5)
Chemical Dependency and Physical Health	121	(18)
General health Risks	122	(2)
Complications Due to Route of Administration	122	(1)
Overdose and Withdrawal	123	(1)
Cardiovascular Disorders	124	(2)
The Heart and Cardiovascular Function	124	(1)
Alcohol and the Cardiovascular System	124	(2)
Cocaine and the Cardiovascular System	126	(1)
Neurological Disorders	126	(2)
Alcohol and Neurological Damage	126	(1)
Cocaine and Neurological Damage	127	(1)
Liver, Gastrointestinal, and Pancreatic Disorders	128	(2)
Liver Disease	128	(1)
Gastrointestinal Disorders	129	(1)
Pancreatic Disorders	130	(1)
Immune System Disorders	130	(5)
The Immune System	130	(1)
AIDS and HIV Infection	131	(1)
Drug Use and AIDS	131	(1)
Sexual Behavior and AIDS	132	(2)
Drug Use, HIV/AIDS, and Tuberculosis	134	(1)
Prenatal Exposure to Drugs	135	(4)
Mechanisms of Prenatal Exposure	135	(1)
Alcohol	136	(1)
Cocaine and Opioids	136	(3)
Chemical Dependency and Mental Health	139	(24)
What is Mental Health?	140	(4)
Concepts of Mental Health	140	(2)
Drug Use and Mental Disorders	142	(2)
Cognitive and Perceptual Disorders	144	(2)
Delirium	144	(1)
Dementia and Amnesia	145	(1)
Flashbacks	146	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	146	(3)
Types of Anxiety Disorders	146	(2)
Substance Use and Anxiety Disorders	148	(1)
Mood Disorders	149	(3)
Types of Mood Disorders	149	(1)
Substance Use and Mood Disorders	150	(2)
Psychotic Disorders	152	(2)
Schizophrenia	152	(1)
Substance Use and Psychotic Disorders	153	(1)
Personality Disorders	154	(4)
Types of Personality Disorders	154	(2)
Substance Use and Personality Disorders	156	(2)
Impulse Control and Eating Disorders	158	(5)
Impulse Control Disorders	158	(1)
Eating Disorders	159	(4)
Chemical Dependency and the Family	163	(38)
Substance Abuse as a Family Disease?	164	(5)
Homeostasis	165	(1)
General Systems Theory	166	(1)
The Addicted Family	167	(2)
Major Family Therapy Approaches	169	(10)
Strategic Family Therapy	169	(3)
Structural Family Therapy	172	(1)
Experiential Family Therapy	173	(2)
Intergenerational Systems Therapy	175	(2)
Behavioral Family Therapy	177	(1)
Psychodynamic Family Therapy	177	(2)
Family Counseling Illustrated: The Baker Family	179	(22)
Meeting the Baker Family: Initial Session	179	(3)
Asking Questions and Sorting Issues	182	(2)
Strategic Approach with the Bakers	184	(1)
Structural Approach with the Bakers	185	(2)
Experiential Approach with the Bakers	187	(1)
Intergenerational Systems Approach with the Bakers	188	(4)
Behavioral Approach with the Bakers	192	(1)
Psychodynamic Approach with the Bakers	193	(3)
Substance Abuse Approach with the Bakers	196	(5)
Chemical Dependency and Society	201	(18)
Social History of Drugs	202	(3)
The Ancient World	202	(1)
The Early Modern World	203	(1)
Eighteenth-and Nineteenth-Century America	204	(1)
The Twentieth Century	205	(1)
The Sociocultural Context of Drug Use	205	(3)
Drugs and Culture	205	(2)
Sociological Perspective on Drug Problems	207	(1)
Economic Impact of Chemical Dependency on Society	208	(3)
The Cost-of-Illness Method	209	(1)
The External Social Cost Model	210	(1)
Educational Attainment	211	(1)
Aggression, Crime, and Chemical Dependency	211	(2)
Aggression, Violence, and Drugs	211	(1)
Chemical Dependency and Crime	212	(1)
Societal Response to Chemical Dependency	213	(6)
Legal and Political Responses	213	(1)
Educational Responses	214	(1)
Health Profession Responses	214	(5)
Principles of Chemical Dependency Counseling	219	(16)
The Disease Model in Chemical Dependency Counseling	219	(4)
The Course of Chemical Dependency	220	(1)
Phases in Chemical Dependency Treatment	221	(2)
The Professional Counselor's Role and Tasks	223	(5)
Who Is the Chemical Dependency Counselor?	223	(2)
Basic Tasks of Chemical Dependency Counselors	225	(3)
The Counselor's Responsibilities	228	(7)
Therapeutic Responsibilities	229	(2)
Ethical Responsibilities	231	(1)
Professional Development	232	(3)
Planning, Selecting, and Implementing Treatment	235	(26)
Treatment Goals and General Principles of Treatment	236	(4)
Treatment Goals and Planning Treatment	236	(1)
General Principles of Effective Treatment	237	(2)
Motivation: Treatment Compliance and Involvement	239	(1)
Treatment Settings	240	(4)
Factors That Determine the Choice of Setting	240	(1)
Types of Treatment Settings	241	(2)
Treatment Setting and Effectiveness	243	(1)
Detoxification	244	(2)
General Principles	244	(1)
Medications for Detoxification	244	(1)
Outpatient and Inpatient Detoxification	245	(1)
Pharmacotherapy	246	(4)
Rationale for Pharmacotherapy	246	(1)
Drugs to Decrease the Reinforcing Effects of Abused Substances	246	(1)
Drugs That Discourage the Use of Abused Substances	247	(1)
Agonist Substitution Drugs	248	(1)
Medications to Treat Comorbid Mental Disorders	249	(1)
Self-Help Groups and Psychosocial Treatments	250	(3)
Self-Help Groups	250	(1)
Individual, Group, and Family Therapies	251	(1)
An Evaluation of Individual, Group, and Family Therapies	252	(1)
Manual-Guided and Other Treatment Modalities	253	(8)
Treatments to Enhance Motivation	253	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy	254	(1)
Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy	255	(1)
Matching Treatments to Patient Needs	255	(6)
Counseling Schools and Techniques	261	(30)
Schools of Counseling	262	(11)
Behavioral Counseling	263	(1)
Client-Centered Counseling	264	(1)
Cognitive Counseling	264	(1)
Existential Counseling	265	(2)
Gestalt Counseling	267	(1)
Psychodynamic Counseling	268	(3)
Substance Abuse-Specific Counseling	271	(2)
Counseling Schools and Counseling Techniques	273	(1)
Relationship-Focused Techniques	273	(3)
Establishing Rapport	274	(1)
Active Listening	274	(1)
Confrontation	275	(1)
Emotion-Focused Techniques	276	(2)
Reflection	276	(1)
Affect Labeling	276	(1)
Relaxation Training	277	(1)
Cognition-Focused Techniques	278	(6)
Education	279	(2)
Interpretation	281	(2)
Exploration and Clarification	283	(1)
Making Drink/Drug Signals Conscious	283	(1)
Behavior-Focused Techniques	284	(7)
Direct Guidance	284	(1)
Modeling	285	(1)
Reinforcement	285	(2)
Assertiveness Training	287	(4)
Understanding, Preventing, and Managing Relapse	291	(18)
Understanding Relapse	292	(2)
What Is Relapse?	292	(1)
Conceptualizing Relapse	293	(1)
What Causes Relapse?	294	(5)
Biological Influences on Relapse	295	(1)
Learning Mechanisms and Relapse	295	(1)
Personality and Relapse Vulnerability	296	(1)
Cognitive and Affective Factors in Relapse	297	(2)
Social Factors in Relapse	299	(1)
Preventing Relapse	299	(10)
Identifying and Dealing with High-Risk Situations	300	(2)
Coping with Cravings	302	(2)
Utilizing Social Supports	304	(2)
Developing a Healthy Lifestyle	306	(3)
Counseling Special Populations	309	(22)
Chemically Dependent Women	311	(5)
Alcoholism in Women	311	(1)
Origins of Alcoholism in Women	312	(1)
Issues in Counseling Alcoholic Women	313	(1)
Other Addictions in Women	314	(2)
Special Age Groups	316	(4)
Substance Abuse in Children	316	(1)
Substance Abuse in Adolescents	316	(2)
Substance Abuse in the Elderly	318	(2)
Substance Abuse In Minority Groups	320	(3)
Substance Abuse in African Americans	320	(1)
Substance Abuse in Hispanic/Latino Americans	321	(1)
Substance Abuse in Gays, Lesbians, And Bisexuals	322	(1)
Other Special Populations	323	(8)
Mentally Ill Chemical Abusers	323	(2)
Physically and Cognitively Disabled Substance Abusers	325	(6)
Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling	331	(14)
Chemical Dependency Counselor Competencies	333	(2)
Transdisciplinary Foundations	333	(1)
Professional Practice	333	(2)
Confidentiality	335	(5)
The Scope of Confidentiality	336	(1)
Common Exceptions to Nondisclosure	337	(2)
The Duty to Protect	339	(1)
The Rights of Clients	340	(5)
Client Rights: Basic Principles	340	(1)
Safeguarding Your Client's Welfare	341	(4)
References	345	(26)
Glossary	371	(9)
Index	380