Introduction to Clinical Psychology

by Wierzbicki, Michael

• ISBN13: 9780205155170
• ISBN10: 0205155170
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1998-09-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Clinical psychology is a complex field that is often studied in a piecemeal way. Most books on the subject simply enumerate the many roles of the clinical psychologist, such as the most commonly used approaches to assessment and treatment. This book, however, provides a central, coherent theme -- the philosophy of science-- around which to study the subject matter.This book serves as an excellent reference to introductory clinical psychology. It is "accessible" to the reader with little background in clinical psychology, and it integrates the material around a central theme, the philosophy of science. Within this theme, the author integrates theoretical and applied materials, chronicles the historical development of the field, and presents empirical evidence. The book also address practical matters like therapy techniques and the training and employment of clinical psychologists. Topics include the history of clinical psychology, psychological treatment, and clinical assessment, amongst others.New clinical psychologists.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
CHAPTER 1 Clinical Psychology: A Historical Introduction	1	(14)
HISTORY OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY	2	(10)
Ancient Views of Abnormal Behavior	3	(1)
Rise of Modern Views of Abnormal Behavior	4	(3)
Modern Developments in Clinical Psychology	7	(5)
SUMMARY	12	(1)
STUDY QUESTIONS	13	(2)
CHAPTER 2 Scientific Foundations of Clinical Psychology	15	(28)
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE	15	(10)
Assumptions of Science	16	(1)
Stages of Science	17	(3)
Scientific Theories	20	(1)
Scientific Progress	21	(4)
RESEARCH METHODS IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY	25	(11)
Single-Subject Designs	26	(1)
Correlational versus Experimental Research	27	(4)
Other Important Designs in Clinical Psychology	31	(5)
THE SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONER MODEL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY	36	(3)
SUMMARY	39	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	41	(2)
CHAPTER 3 Theories of Personality and Psychopathology	43	(38)
PSYCHOANALYSIS	45	(9)
Structure of Personality	45	(1)
Development of Personality	46	(2)
Dynamics of Personality	48	(2)
Psychopathology	50	(1)
Treatment	51	(1)
Evaluation	52	(2)
BEHAVIORISM	54	(7)
Structure of Personality	55	(1)
Development of Personality	56	(2)
Dynamics of Personality	58	(1)
Psychopathology	58	(2)
Treatment	60	(1)
Evaluation	60	(1)
HUMANISM	61	(4)
Structure of Personality	62	(1)
Development of Personality	62	(1)
Dynamics of Personality	62	(1)
Psychopathology	63	(1)
Treatment	63	(1)
Evaluation	64	(1)
COGNITIVE THEORIES	65	(5)
Structure of Personality	67	(1)
Development of Personality	68	(1)
Dynamics of Personality	68	(1)
Psychopathology	69	(1)
Treatment	69	(1)
Evaluation	69	(1)
BIOLOGICAL THEORIES	70	(7)
Structure of Personality	72	(2)
Development of Personality	74	(1)
Dynamics of Personality	75	(1)
Psychopathology	75	(1)
Treatment	76	(1)
Evaluation	76	(1)
SUMMARY	77	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	79	(2)
CHAPTER 4 Clinical Assessment: An Introduction	81	(16)
BRIEF HISTORY	81	(1)
ROLE AND TYPES OF ASSESSMENT IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY	82	(2)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	84	(5)
Criteria for Evaluating Tests	84	(4)
Test Theory	88	(1)
APPLIED ISSUES	89	(6)
Standardized Test Administration and Interpretation	89	(2)
Test Construction	91	(2)
Ethical Issues	93	(2)
SUMMARY	95	(1)
STUDY QUESTIONS	96	(1)
CHAPTER 5 Assessment of Psychological Ability	97	(34)
HISTORY OF ABILITY TESTING	98	(1)
INTELLECTUAL ASSESSMENT	99	(7)
Intelligence Tests	101	(5)
ACADEMIC ASSESSMENT	106	(4)
Achievement Tests	108	(2)
Aptitude Tests	110	(1)
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT	110	(7)
Neuropsychological Tests	114	(3)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	117	(3)
Reliability of Intelligence Tests	117	(1)
Validity of Intelligence Tests	118	(2)
APPLIED ISSUES	120	(9)
Ability Testing in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning	120	(2)
Labeling	122	(1)
Test Bias	122	(7)
SUMMARY	129	(1)
STUDY QUESTIONS	129	(2)
CHAPTER 6 Behavioral Assessment	131	(30)
HISTORY	131	(1)
THEORY	132	(1)
THE INTERVIEW	133	(8)
The Clinical Interview	134	(5)
The Structured Interview	139	(2)
BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION	141	(8)
Naturalistic Observation	143	(1)
Standardized Behavioral Assessment	143	(1)
Behavior Checklists	144	(2)
Self-Monitoring	146	(3)
COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT	149	(3)
Think Aloud	149	(1)
Cognitive Skills Assessment	149	(1)
Cognitive Self-Assessment	150	(2)
APPLIED ISSUES	152	(3)
Reactivity to Measurement	152	(1)
Selection and Training of Observers	153	(2)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	155	(2)
Assumptions of Behavioral Assessment	155	(1)
Reliability and Validity of Behavioral Assessment	155	(2)
SUMMARY	157	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	159	(2)
CHAPTER 7 Personality Assessment	161	(32)
MEANING OF PERSONALITY	161	(1)
USES OF PERSONALITY TESTING	162	(1)
HISTORY OF PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT	163	(2)
Classical Approaches	163	(2)
Pre-Modern Approaches	165	(1)
PROJECTIVE PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT	165	(7)
Projective Tests	166	(6)
STRUCTURED PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT	172	(6)
Structured Personality Inventories	173	(5)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	178	(6)
Evaluation of Projective Tests	178	(4)
Evaluation of Structured Tests	182	(2)
APPLIED ISSUES	184	(7)
Detection of Faking	184	(2)
Response Sets	186	(2)
Use of Computerized Interpretations	188	(3)
SUMMARY	191	(1)
STUDY QUESTIONS	192	(1)
CHAPTER 8 Psychological Treatment: An Introduction	193	(22)
BRIEF HISTORY	193	(2)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	195	(9)
Psychotherapy Process	195	(2)
Psychotherapy Outcome	197	(7)
APPLIED ISSUES	204	(8)
Ethical Issues	204	(6)
Case Management	210	(2)
SUMMARY	212	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	214	(1)
CHAPTER 9 Psychoanalytic Therapy	215	(20)
FREUDIAN APPROACHES TO PSYCHOTHERAPY	216	(10)
Psychoanalysis	216	(4)
Freudian Contemporaries	220	(3)
Neo-Freudian Therapies	223	(2)
Contemporary Variants	225	(1)
APPLIED ISSUES	226	(3)
How Long/Expensive Is Psychoanalysis?	226	(1)
Who Benefits from Psychoanalysis?	227	(1)
Who Should Provide Psychoanalysis?	228	(1)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	229	(4)
Difficulty Evaluating Psychoanalytic Treatment	229	(2)
Empirical Evaluation of Psychoanalysis	231	(2)
SUMMARY	233	(1)
STUDY QUESTIONS	234	(1)
CHAPTER 10 Humanistic Therapy	235	(22)
HUMANISTIC APPROACHES TO PSYCHOTHERAPY	236	(12)
Theory of Psychopathology	236	(1)
Goal of Psychotherapy	236	(1)
Techniques of Psychotherapy	237	(3)
Variants of Humanistic Therapy	240	(8)
APPLIED ISSUES	248	(3)
Selection and Training of Psychotherapists	248	(2)
Providing Psychotherapy to the Healthy	250	(1)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	251	(3)
Effectiveness of Humanistic Psychotherapy	252	(1)
Influence of Rogerian Therapeutic Qualities	252	(2)
SUMMARY	254	(1)
STUDY QUESTIONS	255	(2)
CHAPTER 11 Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies	257	(28)
BEHAVIOR THERAPY	257	(9)
Theory of Pathology and Nature of Behavior Therapy	258	(1)
Techniques of Behavior Therapy	259	(7)
COGNITIVE THERAPY	266	(8)
Nature of Psychopathology	267	(1)
Techniques of Cognitive Therapy	268	(6)
APPLIED ISSUES	274	(6)
Symptom Substitution	274	(2)
Problem Relapse	276	(1)
Use of Analogue Subjects	277	(1)
Ethical Problems	278	(2)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	280	(2)
Early Reviews of the Effectiveness of Behavior Therapy	281	(1)
Meta-Analytic Reviews	281	(1)
SUMMARY	282	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	284	(1)
CHAPTER 12 Biological Treatment	285	(26)
MEDICAL TREATMENTS	286	(9)
Psychiatric Medication	286	(8)
Electroconvulsive Therapy	294	(1)
Psychosurgery	295	(1)
PHYSIOLOGICALLY ORIENTED TREATMENTS	295	(7)
Introduction to Stress-Related Disorders	296	(2)
Treatment of Stress-Related Disorders	298	(4)
BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE	302	(2)
Behavioral Medicine Programs	303	(1)
APPLIED ISSUES	304	(2)
Psychologists and Prescription Privileges	304	(1)
Social Consequences of the Rise of Psychiatric Drugs	305	(1)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	306	(1)
SUMMARY	307	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	309	(2)
CHAPTER 13 Child, Family, and Group Therapy	311	(30)
CHILD THERAPY	312	(7)
Historical Introduction	312	(1)
Theoretical Approaches	312	(4)
Applied Issues	316	(3)
Scientific Issues	319	(1)
FAMILY THERAPY	319	(7)
Historical Introduction	319	(1)
Theoretical Approaches	320	(3)
Applied Issues	323	(2)
Scientific Issues	325	(1)
GROUP THERAPY	326	(10)
Historical Introduction	326	(1)
Theoretical Approaches	327	(5)
Applied Issues	332	(1)
Scientific Issues	333	(3)
SUMMARY	336	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	338	(3)
CHAPTER 14 Training and Professional Roles of Clinical Psychologists	341	(20)
GRADUATE SCHOOL TRAINING	342	(4)
History	342	(2)
Current Programs	344	(2)
PROFESSIONAL ROLES	346	(3)
History	346	(1)
Work Settings and Activities	347	(1)
Recent Trends	348	(1)
APPLIED ISSUES	349	(4)
Selecting Clinical Psychology versus Other Mental Health Fields	349	(2)
Applying to Graduate School in Clinical Psychology	351	(2)
SCIENTIFIC ISSUES	353	(4)
Evaluation of Graduate Training and Career Choice	353	(1)
Evaluation of the Boulder and Vail Models of Training	354	(3)
SUMMARY	357	(2)
STUDY QUESTIONS	359	(2)
Glossary	361	(16)
References	377	(32)
Name Index	409	(9)
Subject Index	418