Introduction to Criminal Justice (with CD-ROM and InfoTrac)

by Siegel, Larry J.; Senna, Joseph J.

• ISBN13: 9780534629465
• ISBN10: 0534629466
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-02-25
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This best-selling text presents criminal justice as a dynamic, ever-changing field, emphasizing how the concepts and processes of criminal justice are constantly evolving. Authors Siegel and Senna emphasize a comprehensive and balanced approach to the three major areas of criminal justice (police, courts, and corrections) and to theory, research, and policy issues, with a focus on generating students' interest in the criminal justice field. This text is the ultimate tool for complete student preparation and provides all of the up-to-date coverage of structural and procedural changes in the criminal justice system that instructors require, ultimately helping students understand the critical issues in the field, and the impact they have on the system.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
1 The Nature of Crime, Law, and Criminal Justice	1	(144)
Chapter 1 Crime and Criminal Justice	3	(38)
Is Crime a Recent Development?	4	(2)
Crime in the Old West	4	(1)
Crime in the Cities	5	(1)
Images of Justice: Gangs of New York	6	(20)
Creating Criminal Justice	7	(1)
The Modern Era of Justice	7	(1)
Federal Involvement in Criminal Justice	8	(1)
The Criminal Justice System Today	8	(4)
Scope of the System	10	(2)
The Formal Criminal Justice Process	12	(7)
The Criminal Justice Assembly Line	16	(3)
The Informal Criminal Justice System	19	(3)
The "Wedding Cake" Model of Justice	20	(2)
Perspectives on Justice	22	(4)
Crime Control Perspective	23	(2)
Rehabilitation Perspective	25	(1)
Due Process Perspective	25	(1)
Law in Review: Board of Education of Independent School District No, 92 of Pottawatomie County et al. v. Earls et al.	26	(8)
Nonintervention Perspective	28	(1)
Justice Perspective	28	(1)
Restorative Justice Perspective	29	(1)
Perspectives in Action: Controlling the Drug Trade	29	(5)
Crime Control Strategies	30	(1)
Justice Model Strategies	31	(1)
Rehabilitation Strategies	31	(2)
Restorative Justice Strategies	33	(1)
Nonintervention Strategies	33	(1)
Due Process Strategies	33	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Should Drugs Be Legalized?	34	(7)
Perspectives in Perspective	35	(1)
Summary	36	(1)
Key Terms	37	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	37	(1)
Discussion Questions	38	(1)
Notes	38	(3)
Chapter 2 The Nature and Extent of Crime	41	(34)
Measuring Crime	42	(7)
Official Data: Uniform Crime Reports	42	(3)
Victim Surveys: National Criminal Victimization Survey	45	(1)
Self-Report Surveys	45	(2)
Compatibility of Crime Statistics Sources	47	(2)
Official Crime Trends 48
Trends in Violent Crime	49	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Explaining Crime Trends	50	(6)
Trends in Property Crime	52	(1)
Victimization Trends	53	(1)
Self-Report Findings	53	(1)
What the Future Holds	54	(1)
Crime Patterns	54	(4)
The Ecology of Crime	55	(1)
International Justice: Why Is Crime Booming around the World?	56	(2)
Firearms and Crime	57	(1)
Social Class and Crime	57	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: should Guns Be Controlled?	58	(17)
Age and Crime	62	(1)
Gender and Crime	63	(2)
Race and Crime	65	(3)
Careers and Crime	68	(2)
Summary	70	(1)
Key Terms	70	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	71	(1)
Discussion Questions	71	(1)
Notes	71	(4)
Chapter 3 Understanding Crime and Victimization	75	(44)
Crime in the United States	76	(4)
Violent Crime	76	(3)
Substance Abuse	79	(1)
Economic Crimes	79	(1)
The Cause of Crime	80	(1)
Because They Want To: Choice Theory	81	(4)
Rational Criminals	81	(1)
Rational Crimes	81	(1)
Make 'Em Afraid I: The Concept of General Deterrence	82	(1)
Make 'Em Afraid II: Specific Deterrence	83	(1)
Make It Difficult: Situational Crime Prevention	84	(1)
Because They Are Different: Biological Theories	85	(2)
In the Blood: Biochemical Factors	85	(1)
The Abnormal Brain: Neurological Problems	86	(1)
The Bad Seed: Genetic Factors	87	(1)
In Their Heads: Psychological Theories	87	(5)
The Disturbed Mind: Psychodynamic Theory	87	(1)
Learning to Commit Crime: Behavioral Theory	88	(1)
Developing Criminal Ideas: Cognitive Theory	89	(1)
Personality and Crime: The Psychopath	89	(1)
Images of Justice: The Media and Violence	90	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Emerge	92	(6)
IQ and Crime	93	(1)
Blame Society: Sociological Theories	93	(5)
Because They Are Poor: Social Structure Theory	94	(1)
The Disorganized Neighborhood	95	(3)
Race Gender, and Ethnicity in Criminal Justice: Building a Bridge over the Racial Divide	98	(21)
Socialized to Crime: Social Process Theories	100	(5)
It's All about the Benjamins: Conflict Theory	105	(1)
The Path to Crime: Developmental Theories	106	(3)
Latent Trait Theory	106	(1)
Life Course Theory	107	(2)
It's How You Live: Theories of Victimization	109	(2)
Victim Precipitation	109	(1)
Lifestyle Theory	109	(1)
Routine Activities Theory	110	(1)
Summary	111	(2)
Key Terms	113	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	113	(1)
Discussion Questions	113	(1)
Notes	113	(6)
Chapter 4 Criminal Law: Substance and Procedure	119	(26)
The Substantive Criminal Law	120	(4)
The Historical Development of Criminal Law	120	(1)
Development of Common Law	121	(2)
Criminal Law and Civil Law	123	(1)
Sources of the Criminal Law	124	(2)
Common Law, Statutes, and Case Decisions	124	(1)
Administrative Rule Making	124	(1)
Constitutional Law and Its Limits	125	(1)
Law in Review: Ex Post Facto Laws	126	(2)
Classifying Crimes	127	(1)
Law in Review: Chicago v. Morales (1999)	128	(7)
Felonies and Misdemeanors	128	(1)
The Legal Definition of a Crime	129	(3)
Criminal Defenses	132	(3)
Ignorance or Mistake	133	(1)
Insanity	133	(1)
Intoxication	133	(1)
Age	134	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: The Insanity Defense	135	(5)
Justification and Excuse	136	(1)
Reforming the Criminal Law	137	(2)
Creating New Penalties	138	(1)
Constitutional Criminal Procedure	139	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: The Criminal Law and Terrorism	140	(7)
Due Process of Law	141	(1)
The Meaning of Due Process	142	(1)
Summary	143	(1)
Key Terms	143	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	143	(1)
Discussion Questions	144	(1)
Notes	144	(1)
2 The Police and Law Enforcement	145	(126)
Chapter 5 Police in Society: History and Organization	147	(28)
The History of Police	148	(5)
Eighteenth-Century Developments	149	(1)
Law Enforcement in Colonial America	150	(1)
Early Police Agencies	150	(2)
Twentieth-Century Reform	152	(1)
The Emergence of Professionalism	152	(1)
The Modern Era of Policing: 1960 to the Present Day	153	(2)
Policing in the 1960's	153	(1)
Policing in the 1970's	153	(1)
Policing in the 1980's	154	(1)
Policing in the 1990's	154	(1)
Policing and Law Enforcement Today	155	(6)
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies	156	(4)
State Law Enforcement Agencies	160	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Operation X-Out	161	(7)
County Law Enforcement Agencies	162	(1)
Metropolitan Law Enforcement Agencies	162	(2)
Technology and Law Enforcement	164	(5)
Using Computer Software	164	(1)
Information Technology	164	(1)
Criminal Identification	165	(3)
Criminal Justice and Technology: Crime Mapping and the ICAM Program 166
Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems	168	(1)
Criminal Justice and Technology: Added Security: Biometric Technology	169	(6)
DNA Testing	169	(1)
Communications	170	(1)
Summary	171	(1)
Key Terms	172	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	172	(1)
Discussion Questions	172	(1)
Notes	173	(2)
Chapter 6 The Police: Organization, Role, Function	175	(32)
The Police Organization	176	(1)
The Police Role	177	(2)
The Patrol Function	179	(3)
Patrol Activities	179	(1)
Does Patrol Deter Crime?	180	(1)
Improving Patrol	180	(2)
The Investigation Function	182	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Amber Alert	183	(4)
Sting Operations	185	(1)
Undercover Work	186	(1)
Evaluating Investigations	186	(1)
Improving Investigations	186	(1)
Images of Justice: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation	187	(7)
Using Technology	188	(1)
Community Policing	189	(3)
Implementing Community Policing	190	(1)
Neighborhood Policing	191	(1)
Changing the Police Role	191	(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing	192	(1)
Criminal Acts, Criminal Places	192	(1)
The Challenges of Community Policing	193	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Boston Gun Project: Operation Ceasefire	194	(4)
Overcoming Obstacles	196	(1)
Support Functions	196	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Citizen Oversight of Police: Civilian Review Boards	198	(4)
Improving Police Productivity	200	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Community Mapping, Planning, and Analysis for Safety Strategies (COMPASS)	202	(5)
Summary	203	(1)
Key Terms	203	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	203	(1)
Discussion Questions	204	(1)
Notes	204	(3)
Chapter 7 Issues in Policing	207	(38)
The Police Profession	208	(4)
Police Culture	208	(2)
Police Personality	210	(1)
Police Style	210	(2)
Police Discretion	212	(4)
Legal Factors	212	(1)
Victim Factors	212	(1)
Environmental Factors	213	(1)
Departmental Factors	213	(1)
Supervisory Factors	214	(1)
Peer Factors	214	(1)
Situational Factors	214	(1)
Extralegal Factors	215	(1)
Race, Gender, and Ethnicity in Criminal: Justice Racial Profiling: Does Race Influence the Police Use of Discretion?	216	(11)
Who Are the Police?	216	(7)
Police Education	217	(2)
Minorities in Policing	219	(1)
Minority Police Officers	219	(2)
Women in Policing	221	(2)
Problems of Policing	223	(10)
Job Stress	223	(2)
Violence	225	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Working with Problem Cops: Early Intervention Programs	227	(6)
Deadly Force	228	(1)
Factors Related to Police Shootings	229	(4)
Criminal Justice and Technology: Less Than Lethal Weapons	233	(12)
Corruption	234	(11)
Chapter 8 Police and the Rule of Law	245	(26)
Police and the Courts	246	(1)
Search and Seizure	246	(4)
Search Warrant Requirements	246	(2)
Obtaining a Warrant	248	(1)
Anonymous Tips	249	(1)
Warrantless Searches	250	(9)
Field Interrogation: Stop and Frisk	251	(1)
Searches Incident to a Lawful Arrest	252	(1)
Automobile Searches	252	(2)
Consent Searches	254	(1)
Plain View	255	(2)
Electronic Surveillance	257	(2)
Arrest	259	(1)
Arrest in Noncriminal Acts	259	(1)
Custodial Interrogation	260	(2)
The Miranda Warning	260	(1)
The Miranda Rule Today	261	(1)
The Impact of Miranda	262	(1)
Pretrial Identification	262	(2)
Law in Review: United States v. Bin Laden	264	(3)
The Exclusionary Rule	264	(3)
Current Status	266	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: The Future of the Exclusionary Rule	267	(6)
Summary	268	(1)
Key Terms	268	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	268	(1)
Discussion Questions	269	(1)
Notes	269	(2)
3 Courts and Adjudication	271	(158)
Chapter 9 The Courts and the Judiciary	273	(26)
The Criminal Court Process	275	(1)
State Courts	275	(3)
Courts of Limited Jurisdiction	276	(1)
Courts of General Jurisdiction	276	(1)
Appellate Courts	277	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Specialized Courts: Drugs and Mental Health	278	(12)
Model State Court Structure	280	(3)
Federal Courts	283	(3)
District Courts	283	(1)
Federal Appeals Courts	284	(1)
The U.S. Supreme Court	285	(1)
Court Congestion	286	(2)
The Judiciary	288	(2)
Other Judicial Functions	288	(1)
Judicial Qualifications	289	(1)
Images of Justice: Commonwealth v. Louise Woodward	290	(4)
Judicial Alternatives	290	(2)
Selecting Judges	292	(1)
Judicial Overload	293	(1)
Court Administration	293	(1)
Criminal Justice and Technology: Technology and Court Management	294	(5)
Summary	296	(1)
Key Terms	296	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	296	(1)
Discussion Questions	296	(1)
Notes	297	(2)
Chapter 10 The Prosecution and the Defense	299	(30)
The Prosecutor	300	(7)
The Duties of the Prosecutor	302	(1)
Priority Prosecution	302	(3)
Types of Prosecutors	305	(1)
The Prosecutor within Society	305	(2)
Prosecutorial Discretion	307	(4)
The Exercise of Discretion	308	(2)
Disposition Factors	310	(1)
Political Factors	311	(1)
The Role of Prosecutorial Discretion	311	(1)
The Defense Attorney	311	(3)
The Role of the Criminal Defense Attorney	312	(1)
Ethical Issues	313	(1)
The Right to Counsel	314	(1)
Law in Review: The Danielle Van Dam Case: Should Defense Lawyers Tell the Truth?	315	(9)
The Private Bar	316	(1)
Legal Services for the Indigent	317	(4)
Public versus Private Attorney	321	(1)
The Defense Lawyer as a Professional Advocate	321	(3)
The Informal Justice System	322	(1)
The Competence of Defense Lawyers	323	(1)
Law in Review: Wiggins v. Smith, Warden et al. (2002)	324	(5)
Relations between Prosecutor and Defense Attorney	324	(1)
Summary	325	(1)
Key Terms	326	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	326	(1)
Discussion Questions	326	(1)
Notes	327	(2)
Chapter 11 Pretrial Procedures	329	(28)
Procedures Following Arrest	330	(1)
Pretrial Services	331	(1)
Bail	331	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Pretrial Services Programs	332	(7)
Bail Today	332	(1)
Receiving Bail	333	(1)
The Legal Right to Bail	334	(1)
Making Bail	335	(2)
Preventive Detention	337	(2)
Law in Review: United States v. Salerno (1987)	339	(18)
Pretrial Detention	339	(1)
Charging the Defendant	340	(5)
The Indictment Process-The Grand Jury	341	(1)
The Indictment Process-The Preliminary Hearing	342	(1)
Arraignment	343	(1)
The Plea	343	(2)
Plea Bargaining	345	(8)
The Nature of the Bargain	346	(1)
Pros and Cons of Plea Bargaining	346	(2)
Legal Issues in Plea Bargaining	348	(1)
The Role of the Prosecutor in Plea Bargaining	349	(1)
The Role of the Defense Counsel in Plea Bargaining	350	(1)
The Role of the Judge in Plea Bargaining	351	(1)
The Victim and Plea Bargaining	351	(1)
Plea-Bargaining Reform	352	(1)
Pretrial Diversion	353	(1)
Summary	353
Key Terms	54	(300)
Doing Research on the Web	354	(1)
Discussion Questions	354	(1)
Notes	354	(3)
Chapter 12 The Criminal Trial	357	(32)
Legal Rights during Trial	358	(7)
The Right to Be Competent at Trial	358	(1)
The Right to Confront Witnesses	359	(1)
The Right to a Jury Trial	360	(2)
The Right to Counsel at Trial	362	(1)
The Right to Self-Representation	363	(1)
The Right to a Speedy Trial	364	(1)
Fair Trial versus Free Press	365	(4)
The Law of Fair Trial	366	(1)
The Right to a Public Trial	367	(1)
Televising Criminal Trials	367	(2)
The Trial Process	369	(7)
Jury Selection	369	(1)
Images of Justice: TV or Not TV? Should Criminal Trials Be Televised?	370	(3)
Law in Review: Batson v. Kentucky (1986)	373	(3)
Opening Statements	375	(1)
Race Gender and Ethnicity in Criminal Justice: Jury Selection and Peremptory Challenges	376	(13)
Presentation of the Prosecutor's Evidence	376	(1)
Types of Evidence at a Criminal Trial	377	(1)
Motion for a Directed Verdict	378	(1)
Presentation of Evidence by the Defense Counsel	378	(1)
Closing Arguments	378	(1)
Instructions to the Jury	379	(1)
The Verdict	380	(1)
The Sentence	380	(1)
The Appeal	381	(1)
Evidentiary Standards	382	(1)
Trial Reform in the Twenty-first Century	383	(2)
Summary	385	(1)
Key Terms	385	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	385	(1)
Discussion Questions	385	(1)
Notes	386	(3)
Chapter 13 Punishment and Sentencing	389	(40)
The History of Punishment	390	(3)
From Exile to Fines, Torture to Forfeiture	391	(1)
Public Work and Transportation to the Colonies	392	(1)
The Rise of the Prison	392	(1)
The Goals of Modern Sentencing	393	(5)
General Deterrence	393	(1)
Incapacitation	394	(1)
Specific Deterrence	395	(1)
Retribution/Just Desert	395	(1)
Rehabilitation	395	(1)
Equity/Restitution	396	(1)
Imposing the Sentence	397	(1)
Sentencing Models	398	(8)
Indeterminate Sentences	398	(1)
Determinate Sentences	399	(1)
Structural Sentences	399	(5)
Mandatory Sentences	404	(1)
Truth-in-Sentencing	404	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Getting Tough: Three Strikes Laws	406	(6)
What Factors Affect Sentencing?	406	(4)
Capital Punishment	410	(8)
Arguments for the Death Penalty	411	(1)
Race, Gender, and Ethnicity in Criminal Justice: Race and Sentencing	412	(2)
International Justice: The Death Penalty Abroad	414	(4)
Arguments against the Death Penalty	416	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: The Capital Jury Project	418	(13)
Legal Issues in the Death Penalty	421	(2)
Jury Issues	423	(1)
Does the Death Penalty Deter Murder?	424	(1)
Summary	425	(1)
Key Terms	425	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	425	(1)
Discussion Questions	426	(1)
Notes	426	(3)
4 Corrections	429	(116)
Chapter 14 Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate Sanctions, and Restorative Justice	431	(38)
History of Probation	432	(1)
Probation Today	433	(11)
Why Probation?	433	(1)
Awarding Probation	434	(1)
The Extent of Probation	435	(1)
Eligibility for Probation	435	(1)
Conditions of Probation	436	(1)
Administration of Probation Services	437	(1)
Duties of Probation Officers	438	(1)
Treatment Supervision	439	(1)
How Successful Is Probation?	439	(3)
Legal Rights of Probationers	442	(1)
The Future of Probation	443	(1)
Intermediate Sanctions	444	(1)
Race, Gender, and Ethnicity in Criminal Justice: Alternatives to Incarceration Abroad	445	(10)
Advantages of Intermediate Sanctions	446	(1)
Fines	447	(1)
Forfeiture	447	(1)
Restitution	448	(1)
Shock Probation and Split Sentencing	449	(1)
Intensive Probation Supervision	449	(2)
House Arrest	451	(1)
Electronic Monitoring	452	(1)
Residential Community Corrections	453	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: DTAP: Drug Treatment Alternative-to-Prison	455	(4)
Can Intermediate Sanctions Work?	456	(1)
Restorative Justice	457	(5)
The Concept of Restoration	458	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Reintegrative Shaming	459	(3)
The Process of Restoration	460	(1)
Restorative Programs	461	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Restorative Justice in the Community	462	(7)
The Challenge of Restorative Justice	463	(1)
Summary	464	(1)
Key Terms	464	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	465	(1)
Discussion Questions	465	(1)
Notes	465	(4)
Chapter 15 Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations	469	(32)
History of Correctional Institutions	471	(9)
The Origins of Corrections in the United States	472	(1)
The Pennsylvania System	473	(1)
The Auburn System	473	(1)
Developing Prisons	474	(1)
The Late Nineteenth Century	475	(1)
Prisons in the Twentieth Century	476	(1)
International justice: The Development of Parole	477	(3)
The Modern Era	478	(2)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Penal Harm: The No-Frills Movement	480	(6)
Jails	480	(4)
Jail Populations	482	(1)
Who Are Jail Inmates?	483	(1)
Jail Conditions	483	(1)
New Generation Jails	484	(1)
Prisons	484	(4)
Types of Prisons	484	(2)
Criminal Justice and Technology: You've Got Mail?	486	(2)
Prison Inmate Characteristics	487	(1)
Criminal Justice and Technology: Ultramaximum-Security Prisons	488	(13)
Alternative Correctional Institutions	489	(6)
Prison Farms and Camps	490	(1)
Shock Incarceration in Boot Camps	490	(3)
Community Correctional Facilities	493	(1)
Private Prisons	493	(2)
Correctional Populations	495	(2)
Going to Prison during Your Lifetime	495	(1)
Explaining Prison Population Trends	496	(1)
Summary	497	(1)
Key Terms	497	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	497	(1)
Discussion Questions	498	(1)
Notes	498	(3)
Chapter 16 Prison Life: Living in and Leaving Prison	501	(44)
Men Imprisoned	502	(5)
Living in Prison	502	(1)
Adjusting to Prison	503	(2)
Prison Culture	505	(2)
Women Imprisoned	507	(3)
Female Institutions	508	(1)
Female Inmates	508	(2)
Adapting to the Female Prison	510	(1)
Correctional Treatment Methods	510	(4)
Counseling and Treatment	511	(1)
Treating the Special-Needs Inmate	512	(1)
Educational and Vocational Programs	513	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Girl Scouts Beyond Bars	514	(8)
Vocational Services	515	(2)
Inmate Self-Help	517	(1)
Can Rehabilitation Work?	518	(2)
Guarding the Institution	520	(2)
Female Correctional Officers	521	(1)
Images of Justice: Newjack	522	(4)
Prison Violence	522	(3)
Individual Violence	524	(1)
Collective Violence	524	(1)
Prisoners' Rights	525	(1)
Criminal Justice and Technology: Technocorrections: Contemporary Correctional Technology	526	(5)
Substantive Rights	528	(3)
Law in Review: Hope v. Pelzer et al.	531	(5)
Leaving Prison	532	(7)
Parole	532	(1)
The Parole Board	532	(1)
Parole Hearings	533	(1)
The Parolee in the Community	533	(1)
The Effectiveness of Parole	534	(1)
The Problems of Reentry	535	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: The Problems of Reentry	536	(3)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Residential Substance Abuse Treatment	539	(8)
Summary	541	(1)
Key Terms	541	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	541	(1)
Discussion Questions	542	(1)
Notes	542	(3)
5 The History and Nature of the Juvenile Justice Systems	545	(33)
Chapter 17 The Juvenile Justice System	547	(31)
The History of Juvenile Justice	548	(4)
Care of Children in Early America	549	(1)
The Child-Saving Movement	549	(1)
The Reform Movement Spreads	550	(1)
Establishment of the Juvenile Court	550	(1)
The Development of Juvenile Justice	551	(1)
Juvenile Justice Today	552	(3)
Police Processing of the Juvenile Offender	555	(3)
Use of Discretion	556	(1)
Legal Rights	556	(1)
Policing in Schools	557	(1)
The Juvenile Court Process	558	(7)
The Intake Process	558	(1)
The Detention Process	558	(2)
Bail	560	(1)
Plea Bargaining	560	(1)
Waiver of Jurisdiction	561	(2)
The Trial	563	(1)
Law in Review: In re Gault	564	(1)
Alternatives to the Juvenile Trial	564	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Teen Courts	565	(8)
Disposition and Treatment	566	(1)
Juvenile Sentencing	567	(1)
The Juvenile Correctional Process	567	(3)
Probation	568	(1)
Institutionalization	568	(1)
Deinstitutionalization	569	(1)
Aftercare	570	(1)
Preventing Delinquency	570	(3)
Community Strategies	571	(1)
Enforcement Strategies	572	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: The Juvenile Mentoring Program (JUMP)	573	(1)
Keep the Juvenile Court?	573	(1)
Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues: Should the Juvenile Court Be Abolished?	574	(4)
Summary	575	(1)
Key Terms	575	(1)
Doing Research on the Web	575	(1)
Discussion Questions	576	(1)
Notes	576	(2)
Appendix A Careers in Criminal Justice	578	(9)
Appendix B The Constitution of the United States	587	(10)
Glossary	597	(8)
Table of Cases	605	(9)
Name Index
Subject Index	614