Introduction to Criminology; A Text/Reader

by Anthony Walsh

• ISBN13: 9781412956833
• ISBN10: 1412956838
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-03-07
• Publisher: SAGE Publications, Inc

Summary

Combining the didactic approach of a textbook with well-edited critical research articles, Introduction to Criminology provides the best of both worlds, offering a unique new spin on the core textbook format. Organized like a more traditional introductory criminology text, this Text/Reader is divided into 14 sections that contain all the usual topics taught in an introduction to criminology course. After a comprehensive overview, each section has an introductory "mini-chapter" that provides engaging coverage of key concepts, developments, controversial issues, and research in the field. These authored introductions are followed by carefully selected and edited original research articles. The readings were written by criminology experts and often have a policy orientation that will help address student interest in the a??so what?a?? application of theory. Key Features and Benefits Features the unique a??How to Read a Research Articlea??a?? tied to the first reading in the booka??to guide students in understanding and learning from the edited articles that appear throughout the text Boasts extensive and innovative coverage of the field of criminology, with special emphasis on the modern psychosocial and biosocial theories and concepts and integrating them with traditional sociological theories Utilizes unique summary tables at the ends of all theory chapters to allow students to quickly observe differences and similarities between competing theories Concludes all theory chapters with a distinctive section that presents policy and prevention implications to describe how the theories can be applied to social and criminal justice policies Covers a wide variety of crime typologies, including serial killing, terrorism, substance abuse, white-collar crime, and organized crimea??topics of particular interest to students Provides an introduction to each reading to give students an overview of the purpose, main points, and conclusions of each article, and evaluates their policy implications Offers a clear and concise summary of key terms and concepts in each section coupled with discussion questions that enhance student comprehension of both the authored text and the readings Ancillaries An Instructorsa?? Resources on CD-ROM includes computerized testing, PowerPoint slides, teaching activities, and more. Contact Customer Care at 1-800-818-7243 (6 a.m. a?? 5 p.m., PT) to request a copy. A robust student study site at www.sagepub.com/walshstudy features additional readings, self-quizzes, e-flashcards, links to audio and video archives of NPR and Frontline, and Web exercises. Intended Audience This unique text/reader is designed for students enrolled in Introduction to Criminology courses.

Table of Contents

Introduction and Overview of Crime and Criminology

Introduction

What is Criminology

What is Crime?

Crime as a Moving Target

Crime as a Subcategory of Social Harms

Beyond Social Construction: The Stationary Core Crimes

Criminality

A Short History of Criminology

The Role of Theory in Criminology

A Brief Word About the Section Readings, Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

How to Read a Research Article

Readings

The Use and Usefulness of Criminology, 1751-2005: Enlightened Justice and Its Failures

Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

Introduction

Categorizing and Measuring Crime and Criminal Behavior

The Uniform Crime Reports: Counting Crime Officially

NIBRS: The "New and Improved" UCR

Crime Victimization Survey Data and Their Problems

Areas of Agreement Between the UCR and NCVS

Self-Reported Crime Surveys and Their Problems

What Can We Conclude About the Three Main Measures of Crime in America?

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Gender Gap Trends for Violent Crimes, 1980 to 2003: A UCR-NCVS Comparison

Race and the Probability of Arrest

Methamphetamine Use, Self-Reported Violent Crime, and Recidivism Among Offenders in California Who Abuse Substances

The Early Schools Of Criminology And Modern Counterparts

Introduction

The Classical School

The Rise of Positivism?

Neoclassicism: Rational Choice Theory

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

A Crying Shame: The Over-Rationalized Conception of Man in the Rational Choice Perspective

The Economics of Crime

Social Structural Theories

Introduction

The Social Structural Tradition

The Chicago School of Ecology

The Anomie/Strain Tradition

Subcultural Theories

Walter Miller's Focal Concerns

Gangs Today

Policy and Prevention: Implications of Social Structural Theories

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Community Correlates of Rural Youth Violence

Social Structure and Anomie

Gangs and Social Change

Social Process Theories

Introduction

Differential Association Theory

Ronald Akers' Social Learning Theory

Social Control Theories

Gottfredson and Hirschi's Low Self-Control Theory

Labeling Theory: The Irony of Social Reaction

Sykes and Matza's Neutralization Theory

Evaluation of Social Process Theories

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Social Learning Theory

The Nature of Criminality: Low Self-Control

Social Control in China: Applications of the Labeling Theory and the Reintegrative Shaming Theory

Gender and Crime Among Felony Offenders: Assessing the Generality of Social Control and Differential Association Theories

Critical Theories: Marxist, Conflict, and Feminist

Introduction

The Conflict Perspective of Society

Karl Marx and Revolution

Willem Bonger: The First Marxist Criminologist

Modern Marxist Criminology

Conflict Theory: Max Weber, Power, and Conflict

Situating Conflict Theory in Relation to Marxist and Labeling Theory

Peacemaking Criminology

Feminist Criminology

Anne Campbell's Staying Alive Hypothesis

Evaluation of Critical Theories

Policy and Prevention: Implications of Critical Theories

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Marx, Engels, and Bonger on Crime and Social Control

Crime, Punishment, and the American Dream: Toward a Marxist Integration

Patriarchy, Crime, and Justice: Feminist Criminology in an Era of Backlash

Psychosocial Theories: Individual Traits and Criminal Behavior

Introduction

The IQ/Crime Connection

Temperament and Personality

Conscience and Arousal

Glen Walters's Lifestyle Theory

The Antisocial Personalities

Evaluation of the Psychosocial Perspective

Policy and Prevention: Implications of Psychosocial Theories

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Feeble-Mindedness

Temperament, Environment, and Antisocial Behavior in a Population Sample of Preadolescent Boys and Girls

Psychopathy: Theory, Measurement, and Treatment

Biosocial Approaches

Introduction

Behavior Genetics

Gene/Environment Interaction and Correlation

Behavior Genetics and Criminal Behavior

Evolutionary Psychology

The Evolution of Criminal Traits

The Neurosciences

Reward Dominance and Prefrontal Dysfunction Theories

Evaluation of the Biosocial Perspective

Policy and Prevention: Implications of Biosocial Theories

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Behavior Genetics and Anomie/Strain Theory

Neuroimaging Studies of Aggressive and Violent Behavior: Current Findings and Implications for Criminology and Criminal Justice

A Theory Explaining Biological Correlates of Criminality

Developmental Theories: From Delinquency to Crime to Desistance

Introduction

Risk and Protective Factors for Serious Delinquency

Major Developmental Theories

Evaluation of Developmental Theories

Policy and Prevention: Implications of Developmental Theories

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Reactive Versus Proactive Antisocial Behavior: Differential Correlates of Child ADHD Symptoms?

The Adolescence-Limited/Life-Course Persistent Theory Antisocial Behavior: What Have We Learned?

Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency

A Life-Course View of the Development of Crime

Violent Crimes

Introduction

Murder

Forcible Rape

Robbery

Aggravated Assault

Mass, Spree, and Serial Murder

A Typology of Serial Killers

What Causes Serial Killing?

Terrorism

Domestic Violence

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Stick-Up, Street Culture, and Offender Motivation

African Americans and Serial Killing in the Media: The Myth and the Reality

The Terrorist Mind I: A Psychological and Political Analysis

Property Crime

Introduction

Larceny/Theft

Burglary

Motor Vehicle Theft

Arson

Crimes of Guile and Deceit: Embezzlement, Fraud, and Forgery/Counterfeiting

Cybercrime: Oh What a Tangled World Wide Web We Weave

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Sneaky Thrills

Searching a Dwelling: Deterrence and the Undeterred Residential Burglar

The Novelty of "Cybercrime": An Assessment in Light of Routine Activity Theory

Public Order Crime

Introduction

The Scope of the Alcohol/Crime Problem

The Effects of Alcohol and Context on Behavior

Alcoholism: Type I and Type II

Illegal Drugs and Crime

Prostitution and Commercialized Vice

Driving Under the Influence

Gambling

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Alcohol Problems and the Differentiation of Partner, Stranger, and General Violence

The Association Between Multiple Drug Misuse and Crime

Juveniles' Motivations for Remaining in Prostitution

White-Collar and Organized Crime

Introduction

The Concept of White-Collar Crime

Occupational Crime

Causes of Occupational White-Collar Crime: Are They Different?

Corporate Crime

Organized Crime

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

Criminal Thinking and Identity in Male White-Collar Offenders

The Causes of Organized Crime: Do Criminals Organize Around Opportunities for Crime or Do Criminal Opportunities Create New Offenders?

State Failure, Economic Failure, and Predatory Organized Crime: A Comparative Analysis

Victimology: Exploring the Victimization Experience

Introduction

The Emergence of Victimology

Who Gets Victimized?

Victimization in the Workplace and School

Child Molestation: Who Gets Victimized?

Victimization Theories

Is Victimology "Blaming the Victim?"

The Consequences of Victimization

Victimization and the Criminal Justice System

Summary, Exercises and Discussion Questions, Useful Web Sites, Chapter Glossary

Readings

The Criminal and His Victim

Violent Victimization as a Risk Factor for Violent Offending Among Juveniles

Victimological Developments in the World During the Past Three Decades (I): A Study of Comparative Victimology

Victimological Developments in the World During the Past Three Decades (II): A Study of Comparative Victimology

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