Introduction to Diagnostic Microbiology

by Koneman, Elmer W.; Allen, Stephen D.; Janda, William M., Ph.D.; Schreckenberger, Paul C.; Winn, Washington C., Jr., M.D.

• ISBN13: 9780397512157
• ISBN10: 0397512155
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1994-01-01
• Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Table of Contents

Laboratory and Clinical Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases	1	(40)
Classification and Identification of Bacteria	2	(1)
The Role of the Clinical Microbiologist	3	(1)
Basic Concepts of Infectious Disease	4	(1)
Signs and Symptoms of Infection	5	(1)
Collection of Specimens for Culture	6	(7)
Specimen Transport	13	(1)
Specimen Handling in the Laboratory	14	(2)
Microscopic Examination	16	(4)
Processing of Cultures	20	(6)
Interpretation of Cultures	26	(3)
Preliminary Identification Based on Metabolic Characteristics	29	(1)
Bacterial Species Identification and Selection of Differential Identification Characteristics	30	(1)
Infections of Specific Organ Systems	30	(5)
Tissue Samples for Culture	35	(1)
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing	35	(1)
Laboratory Management and Operations Practices	36	(5)
The Enterobacteriaceae	41	(34)
Characteristics for Presumptive Identification	42	(1)
Culture Media Used for Detection of Carbohydrate Fermentation	43	(2)
Selection of Primary Isolation Media	45	(6)
Differential Identification Characteristics	51	(3)
Taxonomy of the Enterobacteriaceae	54	(13)
Quick Screening Methods for Rapid Identification	67	(1)
Classic Identification Systems	67	(1)
Numerical Coding Systems	68	(3)
Packaged Kit Identification Systems	71	(1)
Semiautomated and Automated Identification Systems	72	(3)
The Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli	75	(28)
Metabolism of the Nonfermenters	76	(1)
Fermentative and Oxidative Metabolism	76	(7)
Initial Clues That an Unknown Isolate Is a Nonfermenter	83	(1)
Tests Used in the Identification of Nonfermenters	84	(3)
Taxonomy, Biochemical Characteristics, and Clinical Significance of Medically Important Genera of Nonfermenters	87	(1)
Classification of Nonfermenters	87	(10)
Approach to Recovery and Identification of Nonfermenters	97	(2)
Practical Approach to Identification of Nonfermenters	99	(1)
Commercial Kit Systems	99	(4)
Curved Gram-Negative Bacilli and Oxidase-Positive Fermenters: Campylobacters and Vibrionaceae	103	(22)
Curved Rods: Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Wolinella, and Arcobacter	104	(9)
Vibrionaceae and ``Aeromonadaceae''	113	(12)
Haemophilus	125	(12)
Taxonomy and Clinical Significance of Haemophilus Species	126	(3)
Laboratory Approach to the Diagnosis of Haemophilus Infections	129	(4)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Haemophilus Species	133	(4)
Miscellaneous Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli	137	(28)
Introduction to the Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli	137	(1)
The HACEK Organisms	138	(6)
Other Miscellaneous Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli	144	(4)
Pasteurella Species	148	(2)
Bordetella Species	150	(3)
Brucella Species	153	(2)
Francisella tularensis	155	(1)
Legionella Species	156	(3)
Identification of Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli Using Packaged Kit Systems	159	(6)
Neisseria Species and Moraxella catarrhalis	165	(22)
Introduction to the Family Neisseriaceae	166	(1)
Clinical Significance of Neisseria Species and Moraxella catarrhalis	166	(4)
Isolation of the Pathogenic Neisseria Species	170	(3)
Identification of Pathogenic Neisseria Species	173	(5)
Additional Cultural Characteristics of Neisseria Species and Moraxella catarrhalis	178	(9)
Staphylococci and Related Organisms	187	(12)
The Family Micrococcaceae: Taxonomy and Clinical Significance	187	(3)
Differentiation of the Members of the Family Micrococcaceae	190	(3)
Identification of Staphylococcus aureus	193	(1)
Identification of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci	194	(1)
Identification of Micrococcus Species	195	(1)
Identification of Stomatococcus Mucilaginosus	195	(1)
Laboratory Approach to Identification of Staphylococci	195	(4)
Streptococci and Streptococcus-Like Bacteria	199	(18)
The Family Streptococcaceae: Taxonomy and Clinical Significance	200	(4)
Identification of Streptococci and Streptococcus-Like Bacteria	204	(13)
The Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli	217	(26)
Endospore-Forming, Aerobic or Facultatively Anaerobic Bacilli	218	(4)
Morphologically Regular, Non-Spore-Forming Rods	222	(5)
Irregular or Coryneform, Non-Spore-Forming Bacilli	227	(8)
Nocardioforms and Aerobic Actinomycetes	235	(8)
The Anaerobic Bacteria	243	(42)
Relationships of Bacteria to Oxygen	244	(1)
Habitats	245	(1)
Classification and Nomenclature	246	(1)
Human Infections	246	(3)
Isolation of Anaerobic Bacteria	249	(5)
Anaerobic Systems for Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria	254	(3)
Incubation of Cultures	257	(1)
Inspection and Subculture of Colonies	258	(1)
Aerotolerance Tests	259	(1)
Preliminary Reporting of Results	259	(1)
Determination of Cultural and Biochemical Characteristics for Differentiation of Anaerobic Isolates	259	(5)
Determination of Metabolic Products by Gas-Liquid Chromatography	264	(1)
Identification of Anaerobes	265	(15)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria	280	(5)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing	285	(36)
Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents	286	(1)
Laboratory Guidance of Antimicrobial Therapy	286	(1)
Tests for Determining Inhibitory Activity of Antibiotics	287	(17)
Special Issues in Susceptibility Testing	304	(17)
Mycobacteria	321	(18)
Specimen Collection and Processing	322	(2)
Specimen Preparation	324	(2)
Culture of Mycobacteria Specimens	326	(1)
Staining of Acid-Fast Bacilli	326	(3)
Incubation	329	(1)
Phenotypic Characteristics for the Identification of Mycobacteria	329	(2)
Classification of Mycobacteria	331	(4)
Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria	335	(4)
Spirochetal Infections	339	(14)
Taxonomy	339	(1)
Treponema	339	(7)
Borrelia	346	(3)
Leptospira	349	(4)
Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas	353	(12)
Taxonomy of Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas	354	(1)
Clinical Significance of the Human Mycoplasmataceae	354	(3)
Culture of Human Mycoplasmas From Clinical Specimens	357	(5)
Serology and New Technologies for Diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection	362	(1)
Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Treatment of Mycoplasma Infections	362	(3)
Mycology	365	(44)
Signs and Symptoms of Fungal Infection	366	(3)
Specimen Collection and Transport	369	(1)
Laboratory Approach to the Diagnosis of Fungal Infections	370	(9)
Laboratory Identification of Medically Important Fungi and Clinical Correlation	379	(9)
Serologic Detection of Fungal Disease	388	(21)
Parasitology	409	(32)
Risk Factors and Prevention of Parasitic Infections	410	(1)
Clinical Manifestations of Parasitic Diseases	410	(1)
Life Cycles of Parasites Important to Humans	411	(2)
Collection, Transport, and Processing of Specimens	413	(4)
Identification and Differentiation of Parasites	417	(19)
Serologic Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases	436	(5)
Virology	441	(58)
Evolution of Diagnostic Virology	442	(1)
Taxonomy	442	(6)
Clinical Manifestations of Viral Infections	448	(17)
Clinical Classification of Viral Infections	465	(1)
Diagnosis of Viral Infections	465	(19)
Infections With Chlamydia	484	(4)
Infections With Rickettsia and Related Organisms	488	(11)
New and Emerging Technologies: Rapid Bacterial Identification and Detection Methods	499	(8)
Chromogenic Enzyme Substrate Tests	499	(1)
Gas-Liquid Chromatography	500	(1)
Immunologic Diagnoses of Infectious Diseases	501	(2)
Nucleic Acid Probes	503	(1)
Polymerase Chain Reaction	503	(4)
Index	507