Introduction to Engineering Design Bk. 5 : Wind Powered Water Pumps

by Dally, James W.

• ISBN13: 9780965591140
• ISBN10: 096559114X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: College House Enterprises Llc

Summary

This 408-page, six-part textbook presents a wide range of material of interest to students and instructors in an introductory engineering course intended for the first year.

Part I covers the product, a human powered water pump.

Chapter 1 Engineering Design and Product Development

Chapter 2 Wind Power

Chapter 3 Capturing the Wind

Chapter 4 The Drive Assembly

Chapter 5 Designing Pumps

Part II presents manual methods of engineering graphics.

Chapter 6 Three-View drawings

Chapter 7 Pictorial Drawing

Chapter 8 Tables and Graphs

Part III describes software programs useful to engineering students.

Chapter 9 Microsoft Excel -- 2000

Chapter 10 Microsoft Powerpoint -- 2000

Part IV discusses many aspects of the product development process.

Chapter 11 Development Teams

Chapter 12 A Product Development Process

Part V treats the very important topic of communications for engineers.

Chapter 13 Technical Reports Gathering

Chapter 14 Design Briefings

Part VI introduces the relation between engineering and society.

Chapter 15 Engineerin

Table of Contents

About the Authors
Code
Preface
PART I WIND POWERED WATER PUMPS
Engineering Design and Product Development
The Importance of Product Development	3	(1)
Development Teams	4	(1)
Developing Winning Products	4	(3)
Quality, Performance and Price	4	(1)
The Role of Time in the Development Process	5	(2)
Learning About Product Development	7	(1)
Prototype Development	7	(1)
Design Concepts	8	(8)
The Design Concept--Design Functional Relationship	8	(1)
Pump Considerations	9	(2)
System Design Information	11	(2)
Chapters Providing Additional Design Information	13	(1)
Design-trade-off Analysis	13	(1)
Preparing Design Documentation	14	(2)
Final Design Presentation	16	(1)
Prototype Assembly and Evaluation	16	(1)
Preparing the Assembly Kit	16	(1)
Prototype Assembly	16	(1)
Prototype Evaluation	17	(1)
Teamwork	17	(1)
Other Course Objectives	18	(3)
References and Exercises	19	(2)
Wind Power
The Energy Problem	21	(2)
Wind	23	(2)
Energy and Power in the Wind	25	(8)
Work and Energy	25	(2)
Power	27	(3)
Power in the Wind	30	(3)
History of Wind-Powered Machines	33	(4)
The Earliest Windmill	34	(1)
Dutch Wind-Powered Machines	34	(2)
American Wind-Powered Machines	36	(1)
Modern Wind-Powered Machines	37	(5)
The Small Wind-Powered Machines	37	(2)
The Early Large Wind-Powered Machines	39	(1)
The Federal Wind Energy Program	40	(1)
The California Wind Farms	41	(1)
The Current Wind Energy Program in the U. S.	42	(1)
A Typical Small System	42	(2)
Support Structure	43	(1)
Rotor	43	(1)
Drive System	43	(1)
Pump	43	(1)
Rotor Alignment	44	(1)
Measuring the Amount of Water Pumped and the Flow Rate	44	(1)
Product Specification	44	(2)
Design Constraints	44	(1)
Performance Criteria	45	(1)
Summary	46	(5)
References	47	(1)
Exercises	48	(3)
Capturing the Wind
Wind Power and the Specification	51	(1)
Wind Forces---Lift and Drag	52	(3)
Design of Sails	55	(8)
Flexible Sails	55	(4)
Rigid Sails	59	(2)
Performance of Wind Machines with Sails	61	(2)
The Power Coefficient	63	(1)
The American Multi-Blade Wind Machine	64	(2)
Savonius Rotors	66	(2)
Darrieus Rotors	68	(2)
Propeller Rotors	70	(5)
The Number of Blades	70	(1)
Airfoil Shape	71	(1)
Solidity Ratio	72	(1)
Angle of Twist	72	(3)
Summary	75	(4)
References	76	(1)
Exercises	77	(2)
The Drive Assembly
Introduction	79	(1)
Mechanical Subsystems	79	(2)
Details of Mechanical Components	81	(13)
Shafting	81	(2)
Bearings	83	(2)
Chains and Sprockets	85	(4)
V-Belts	89	(3)
Spur Gears	92	(1)
Comparison of the Characteristics of the Different Types of Drives	93	(1)
Alignment	94	(1)
Crankshafts	94	(1)
Friction	95	(2)
Support Structure	97	(1)
Manufacturing and Assembly	98	(2)
Manufacturing Flexible Sails	98	(1)
Manufacturing Rigid Sails	98	(1)
Manufacturing High Solidity Ratio American Rotors	99	(1)
Manufacturing Propellers	99	(1)
Summary	100	(5)
References and Exercises	102	(3)
Designing Pumps
Pump Selection	105	(1)
Piston Pumps	105	(7)
Mechanical Details	105	(3)
Force, Work, and Power for a Piston Pump	108	(2)
Efficiency of a Piston Pump	110	(1)
Assessment	111	(1)
Diaphragm Pumps	112	(4)
Mechanical Details	112	(2)
Force, Work, and Power for a Diaphragm Pump	114	(1)
Assessment	115	(1)
Centrifugal Pumps	116	(8)
Mechanical Details	116	(2)
Characteristics of Centrifugal Pumps	118	(2)
Design Parameters for Centrifugal Pumps	120	(2)
Torque and Power for a Centrifugal Pump	122	(1)
Assessment	123	(1)
Summary	124	(5)
References and Exercises	125	(4)
PART II ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
Three-View Drawings
Introduction	129	(1)
View Drawings	129	(3)
Line Styles	132	(1)
Representing Features	133	(5)
Block with Slot and Step	133	(2)
Block with Tapered Slot	135	(2)
Block with Step and Hole	137	(1)
Dimensioning	138	(3)
Dimensioning Holes and Cylinders	139	(2)
Drawing Blocks	141	(1)
Additional Views	142	(2)
Summary	144	(3)
References and Exercises	144	(3)
Pictorial Drawing
Introduction	147	(1)
Isometric Drawings	148	(3)
Oblique Drawings	151	(3)
Perspective Drawings	154	(5)
One-point Perspective Drawings	155	(2)
Two-point Perspective Drawings	157	(2)
Three-point Perspective Drawings	159	(1)
Shading and Shadows	159	(2)
Summary	161	(2)
References and Exercises	161	(2)
Tables and Graphs
Introduction	163	(1)
Tables	163	(2)
Graphs	165	(11)
Pie Charts	166	(1)
Bar Charts	167	(1)
Linear X-Y Graphs	167	(5)
X-Y Graphs with Semi-log Scales	172	(1)
X-Y Graphs with Log-log Scales	172	(4)
Special Graphs	176	(1)
Summary	176	(5)
Exercises	176	(5)
PART III SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS
Microsoft Excel -- 2000
Introduction	181	(1)
The Screen	181	(3)
The Five Top Rows	181	(2)
The Spreadsheet	183	(1)
The Bottom Rows	184	(1)
Preparing a Parts List	184	(3)
Performing Calculations	187	(8)
The Rich Uncle Example	187	(4)
Strain on a Simply Supported Beam	191	(2)
Entering Formulas	193	(2)
Graphs with Excel	195	(10)
Pie Charts	195	(4)
Bar Charts	199	(2)
X-Y Graphs	201	(4)
Summary	205	(2)
References and Exercises	205	(2)
Microsoft PowerPoint -- 2000
Introduction	207	(1)
The PowerPoint Auto Content Wizard	208	(2)
The PowerPoint Window	210	(2)
The Toolbars	210	(1)
The PowerPoint Workspace	211	(1)
Planning and Organizing with PowerPoint	212	(5)
The Title Slide	213	(2)
The Status Summary Slide	215	(1)
The Progress to Date Slide	215	(1)
Attention Areas Slide	216	(1)
Goals for the Next Review Slide	216	(1)
Enhancing the Slides	217	(3)
Rehearsing	220	(1)
Computer Projected Slides	220	(2)
Summary	222	(5)
Exercises	223	(4)
PART IV PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES
Development Teams
Introduction	227	(1)
A Balanced Team Structure in a Functional Organization	228	(1)
Development Planning	229	(1)
Staffing	230	(1)
Team Leaders	230	(1)
Team Member Responsibilities	231	(1)
Team Member Traits	231	(2)
Evolution of a Development Team	233	(1)
A Team Contract	234	(1)
Effective Team Meetings	235	(3)
Preparing for Meetings	238	(1)
Positive and Negative Team Behavior	239	(2)
Leading Roles	239	(1)
Supporting Roles	240	(1)
Hindering Roles	240	(1)
Summary	241	(4)
References and Exercises	242	(3)
A Product Development Process
Introduction	245	(2)
The Customer	247	(1)
Interpreting the Customers Needs	248	(1)
The Product Specification	249	(1)
Defining Alternative Design Concepts	250	(4)
Selecting the Superior Concept	254	(5)
Design for X, Y and Z	259	(4)
Detail Design	259	(1)
Design for Manufacturing	260	(1)
Design for Assembly	261	(1)
Design for Maintenance	262	(1)
Design for the Environment	262	(1)
Prototype Build and Evaluation	263	(1)
Tooling and Production	263	(1)
Managing the Project	264	(2)
Scheduling	264	(2)
Housing and Locating the Team	266	(1)
Summary	266	(5)
References and Exercises	267	(4)
PART V COMMUNICATIONS
Technical Reports
Introduction	271	(1)
Approach and Organization	271	(3)
Title Page	273	(1)
Executive Summary	273	(1)
Introduction of Report	273	(1)
Organization	274	(1)
Know Your Readers and Your Objective	274	(1)
The Technical Writing Process	275	(1)
Define Your Task	275	(1)
Gather Information	276	(1)
Organize Data	276	(1)
Compose Document	276	(1)
Revising, Editing and Proofreading	276	(2)
First and Subsequent Drafts	277	(1)
Revising	277	(1)
Editing	277	(1)
Proofreading	278	(1)
Word Processing Software	278	(1)
Searching for Information	279	(5)
In the Traditional Library	279	(2)
Electronic Libraries on the World Wide Web	281	(3)
Summary	284	(3)
References and Exercises	285	(2)
Design Briefings
Introduction	287	(1)
Speeches, Presentations and Discussions	287	(1)
Speeches	287	(1)
Presentations	288	(1)
Group Discussions	288	(1)
Design Briefing	288	(1)
Preparing for the Briefing	288	(2)
Identify the Audience	289	(1)
Peer Reviews	289	(1)
Presentation Structure	290	(5)
Title Slide	291	(1)
Overview Slide	292	(1)
Status Slide	293	(1)
Introductory Slide	293	(1)
Technical Topics	293	(1)
Concluding Slides	294	(1)
Types of Visual Aids	295	(1)
Computer Projected Slides	295	(1)
Overhead Transparencies	295	(1)
35-mm Slides	296	(1)
Other Types of Visual Aids	296	(1)
Delivery	296	(3)
Attire	296	(1)
Body Language	297	(1)
Audience Control	297	(1)
Voice Control	297	(1)
Timing	297	(2)
Summary	299	(4)
References	299	(1)
Exercises	300	(3)
PART VI ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY
Engineering and Society
Introduction	303	(2)
Engineering in Early Western History	305	(2)
The Egyptians	305	(1)
The Greeks	306	(1)
The Romans	306	(1)
Early Agriculture and the Use of Animals	307	(1)
Engineering and the Industrial Revolution	307	(1)
The Development of Power	308	(1)
Engineering---19TH and 20TH Centuries	308	(2)
New Understandings	310	(1)
Business, Consumers and Society	311	(4)
Conclusions	315	(4)
References	315	(1)
Exercises	316	(3)
Safety, Risk and Performance
Levels of Risk	319	(2)
Acceptable Risk	319	(1)
Voluntary Risk	319	(1)
Involuntary Risk	320	(1)
Minimizing the Risk	321	(3)
Safety in Design	321	(1)
Safety Factor	322	(2)
Margin of Safety	324	(1)
Failure Rate	324	(2)
Reliability	326	(5)
Component Reliability	326	(1)
System Reliability	327	(4)
Evaluating the Risk	331	(1)
Hazards	332	(4)
Listing of Hazards	332	(1)
Dangerous Chemicals	332	(1)
Exposure to Voltage and Current	332	(1)
The Effects of High Forces and Accelerations	333	(1)
Explosives and Explosive Mixtures	333	(1)
Fires	334	(1)
Pressure and Pressure Vessels	334	(1)
Mechanical Hazards	334	(1)
Radiation Hazards	335	(1)
Noise	335	(1)
Summary	336	(3)
References and Exercises	337	(2)
Ethics, Character and Engineering
Introduction	339	(1)
Confusion About Ethical Behavior	340	(1)
Right, Wrong or Maybe	341	(1)
Right Versus Wrong	341	(1)
Theological Virtues	342	(1)
Laws and Ethics	342	(1)
Ethical Business Practices	343	(1)
Honor Codes	343	(1)
Character	344	(2)
Ethics of Engineers	346	(1)
Ethics in Large Engineering Systems	347	(7)
The Challenger Accident---A Case Study	348	(1)
Background Information	348	(1)
The Solid Propellant Booster Rockets	349	(1)
Failure of the O-ring Seal	350	(2)
Ignoring the Problem	352	(1)
Recognizing the Influence of Temperature	352	(1)
A Management Decision	353	(1)
Approvals at the Top	353	(1)
Summary	354	(3)
References	354	(1)
Exercises	355	(2)
Sustainable Engineering
Environmental Issues	357	(1)
Finite Resources	357	(1)
Consumption and Waste	358	(4)
Municipal Solid Waste	358	(2)
National Wastes	360	(1)
Hazardous Waste	360	(1)
Radioactive Waste	361	(1)
Incineration	362	(1)
Waste Generating Systems	362	(6)
A Linear Waste Model	363	(1)
A Waste Model with Limited Recycling	364	(2)
Life Long Ownership	366	(1)
Waste Metrics	367	(1)
Cost Analysis of Waste	368	(1)
Air Quality	368	(3)
The Clean Air Act	369	(1)
Auto and Truck Emissions	370	(1)
Power Plant Emissions	371	(1)
The Kyoto Protocol Carbon Emission Goals	371	(4)
Transportation Sector	372	(1)
Industrial Sector	373	(1)
Building Sector	373	(1)
Electric Power Sector	373	(1)
Discussion	374	(1)
Government Policies	375	(2)
A New Approach to Taxation	375	(1)
Gasoline Tax	376	(1)
Carbon Tax	376	(1)
Engineering Responsibilities	377	(1)
Summary	378	(5)
References	379	(1)
Exercises	380	(3)
APPENDIX A
Guides and Forms for Design Teams	383