Introduction to Engineering Materials

by Murray; George

• ISBN13: 9781574446838
• ISBN10: 1574446835
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-09-07
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Designed for the general engineering student, Introduction to Engineering Materials, Second Edition focuses on materials basics and provides a solid foundation for the non-materials major to understand the properties and limitations of materials. Easy to read and understand, it teaches the beginning engineer what to look for in a particular material, offers examples of materials usage, and presents a balanced view of theory and science alongside the practical and technical applications of material science.Completely revised and updated, this second edition describes the fundamental science needed to classify and choose materials based on the limitations of their properties in terms of temperature, strength, ductility, corrosion, and physical behavior. The authors emphasize materials processing, selection, and property measurement methods, and take a comparative look at the mechanical properties of various classes of materials. Chapters include discussions of atomic structure and bonds, imperfections in crystalline materials, ceramics, polymers, composites, electronic materials, environmental degradation, materials selection, optical materials, and semiconductor processing. Filled with case studies to bring industrial applications into perspective with the material being discussed, the text also includes a pictorial approach to illustrate the fabrication of a composite.Consolidating relevant topics into a logical teaching sequence, Introduction to Engineering Materials, Second Edition provides a concise source of useful information that can be easily translated to the working environment and prepares the new engineer to make educated materials selections in future industrial applications.

Table of Contents

Authors	p. xv
Classification of Materials	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Metals	p. 2
Ceramics	p. 12
Polymers	p. 13
Composites	p. 14
Semiconductors	p. 18
More Recent Developments	p. 19
Definitions	p. 21
Questions and Problems	p. 22
Suggested Reading	p. 22
Properties and Their Measurement	p. 25
Introduction	p. 25
Hardness	p. 25
Mechanical Property Measurements	p. 28
Physical Properties	p. 56
Definitions	p. 62
Questions and Problems	p. 63
Suggested Reading	p. 65
Atomic Structure and Atomic Bonds	p. 67
Structure of the Atom	p. 67
Bond Types	p. 80
Interatomic Distances	p. 88
Definitions	p. 90
Questions and Problems	p. 92
Suggested Reading	p. 92
Structure of Crystalline Solids	p. 93
Introduction	p. 93
Basic Terms and Definitions	p. 93
Cubic Crystal Structures (Metals)	p. 94
Ionic Solids	p. 97
Structure of Covalent Network Solids	p. 103
Crystal Features	p. 104
Noncubic Structures	p. 109
Summary	p. 109
Definitions	p. 109
Questions and Problems	p. 110
Suggested Reading	p. 110
Diffusion and Plastic Deformation	p. 111
Introduction	p. 111
Point Defects	p. 111
Diffusion	p. 115
Line Defects: Dislocation	p. 123
Plastic Deformation of Single Crystals	p. 128
Plastic Deformation	p. 137
Definitions	p. 146
Questions and Problems	p. 148
Suggested Reading	p. 149
Property Management of Metallic Materials	p. 151
Introduction	p. 151
Phase Equilibria	p. 151
Some Common Phase Diagrams and Alloys	p. 153
Precipitation-Hardening Systems: Aluminum Alloys	p. 169
Eutectoid Systems: Iron-Carbon Alloys	p. 177
Property Management of Steel (Nonequilibrium Processing)	p. 188
Hardenability Measurements: The Jominy End-Quench Test	p. 196
Definitions	p. 203
Questions and Problems	p. 205
Suggested Reading	p. 206
Ceramics	p. 207
Introduction	p. 207
Ceramic Materials	p. 208
Manufacturing of Ceramic Products	p. 222
Properties of Technical Ceramics	p. 231
Design Aspects	p. 239
Case Studies	p. 242
Definitions	p. 245
Questions and Problems	p. 246
Suggested Reading	p. 247
The Structure and Properties of Polymers	p. 249
Introduction	p. 249
Basic Chemistry Review	p. 249
Polymerization Reactions	p. 252
Mechanical Properties of Polymers	p. 258
Temperature-Dependent Mechanical Properties	p. 262
Definitions	p. 263
Questions	p. 264
Suggested Reading	p. 264
Composites	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
The Rule of Mixtures	p. 268
Fibers and Their Properties	p. 277
Polymer Matrix Composites	p. 283
Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs)	p. 293
Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs)	p. 297
Graphite Matrix Composites	p. 298
Laminar Composites (Arall and Glare)	p. 300
Sandwich Structures	p. 301
Failure of Composites	p. 301
Definitions	p. 303
Questions and Problems	p. 306
Reference	p. 307
Suggested Reading	p. 307
Electrical Properties of Materials	p. 309
Introduction	p. 309
Energy Levels, Bands, and Bonds	p. 311
Energy Bands in Insulators and Semiconductors	p. 317
Semiconductors	p. 319
Dielectric Materials	p. 328
Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Behavior	p. 330
Definitions	p. 332
Questions and Problems	p. 332
Suggested Reading	p. 333
Magnetic Materials	p. 335
Magnetic Fields	p. 335
Sources of Magnetism in the Atom	p. 337
Ferromagnetism	p. 338
Hard Magnetic Materials	p. 344
Soft Magnetic Materials	p. 345
Definitions	p. 347
Questions and Problems	p. 348
Optical Materials	p. 349
Introduction	p. 349
Refraction, Reflection, and Absorption of Light	p. 349
Luminescence	p. 352
Lasers	p. 353
Optical Fibers	p. 354
Definitions	p. 356
Questions and Problems	p. 356
Suggested Reading	p. 357
Semiconductor Processing	p. 359
Introduction	p. 359
Silicon Purification and Crystal Growth	p. 361
Other Materials and Their Crystal Growth Methods	p. 363
Wafer Preparation	p. 366
Wafer Fabrication	p. 367
Purification of Metals for Metallization	p. 372
Circuit Elements	p. 375
Definitions	p. 380
Questions and Problems	p. 381
References	p. 382
Environmental Degradation of Engineering Materials	p. 383
Introduction	p. 383
Corrosion of Metals	p. 384
Environmental Degradation of Polymers	p. 421
Environmental Degradation of Ceramic Materials	p. 422
Corrosion of Composites	p. 423
Definitions	p. 426
Questions and Problems	p. 428
Reference	p. 429
Suggested Reading	p. 429
Materials and Process Selection	p. 431
Introduction	p. 431
General Philosophies	p. 432
General Criteria	p. 441
Concluding Remarks	p. 442
Suggested Reading	p. 442
Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals for Special Applications	p. 443
Introduction	p. 443
Special Ferrous-Based Materials	p. 443
Specialty Steels	p. 446
Cast Irons	p. 458
Aluminum Alloys	p. 463
Other Nonferrous Alloys	p. 466
Forming by Mechanical Means	p. 474
Forming by Casting Means	p. 476
Powder Metallurgy Methods	p. 477
Metal Joining	p. 479
Definitions	p. 483
Questions and Problems	p. 485
Reference	p. 487
Suggested Reading	p. 487
Comparative Properties	p. 489
Introduction	p. 489
Comparative Mechanical Properties	p. 490
Comparative Physical Properties	p. 503
Questions and Problems	p. 505
Suggested Reading	p. 507
Index	p. 509
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