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9780205306831

Introduction to the Foundations of American Education

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780205306831

  • ISBN10:

    0205306837

  • Edition: 11th
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1999-08-01
  • Publisher: Pearson College Div

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Table of Contents

Preface xix
part I PROFESSIONAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING 1(67)
Viewing Education Through Professional Lenses
1(1)
Teaching As a Career
2(38)
An Important Profession
4(2)
The Importance of Teachers in Our Society
4(2)
How the Public Views Our Schools
6(1)
A Look at American Teachers
6(3)
Profile of Public School Teachers
7(2)
Global Perspectives: Teaching in the United States versus in Other Countries
9(3)
Teachers and Teaching
10(2)
Relevant Research: Teacher Behavior and Student Achievement
12(1)
Recent Changes in the Teaching Profession
13(4)
The Improving Status of American Teachers
13(1)
Better Working Conditions for Teachers
14(3)
The Study and Practice of Teaching
17(5)
Learning about Teaching through Systematic Observation and Journaling
17(2)
Learning about Teaching through Analysis and Reflection
19(1)
Developing Folios and Portfolios
20(2)
Professional Organizations for Educators
22(6)
Teacher Unions
23(5)
Case Study: The Act Academy
28(4)
Professional Dilemma: Are Teachers Professional If They Strike?
32(2)
Specialty Associations
33(1)
Global Perspectives: Education International (EI)
34(1)
Summary and Implications
34(1)
Discussion Questions
35(1)
Portfolio Development
35(1)
School-Based Experiences
36(1)
Web Sites
36(1)
Notes
37(1)
Bibliography
37(3)
Appendix 1.1: Professional Education Associations
38(2)
Employment Opportunities for Teachers
40(28)
Factors Affecting Supply and Demand
42(6)
Teacher Supply
42(1)
Teacher Demand
43(3)
The Increasing Demand for Teachers
46(2)
Global Perspectives: Jobs and Mobility in the European Union
48(2)
Teacher Salaries and Fringe Benefits
50(2)
Improving Salaries
50(2)
Professional Dilemma: Will You Be Able to Pay Your Bills on a Teacher's Salary?
52(2)
Fringe Benefits and Moonlighting
52(2)
Getting Certified and Employed
54(1)
Certification Requirements
54(1)
Relevant Research: Do Low Salaries Really Draw the Least Able into the Teaching Profession?
55(3)
Searching for a Teaching Job
56(2)
Case Study: Maximizing Job Prospects
58(1)
Summary and Implications
59(1)
Discussion Questions
60(1)
Journal Entries
60(1)
Portfolio Development
60(1)
School-Based Experiences
60(1)
Web Sites
60(1)
Bibliography
61(7)
Appendix 2.1: U.S. State Teacher Certification and Licensing Offices
62(4)
Appendix 2.2: Job Search Timetable and Checklist
66(2)
part II SCHOOL AND SOCIETY 68(106)
Viewing Education Through Sociological Lenses
69(2)
Diversity in Society
71(33)
Culture and Society
72(2)
Characteristics of Culture
73(1)
Dominant or Mainstream Culture
73(1)
Microcultures
74(1)
Diversity and Education
74(4)
Assimilation
75(1)
Cultural Pluralism
76(1)
Cultural Choice
77(1)
Microcultural Groups
78(5)
Socioeconomic Status
78(3)
Ethnicity and Race
81(2)
Case Study: Interracial Dating
83(1)
Global Perspectives: Immigration in Europe
84(4)
Gender
85(3)
Professional Dilemma: What If There Are Only a Few Girls in the Calculus Class?
88(8)
Language
89(1)
Exceptionalities
90(2)
Religion
92(1)
Geography
93(3)
Cultural Identity
96(1)
Intragroup Differences
96(1)
Relevant Research: Development of Racial and Gender Identity
97(1)
Biculturalism
97(1)
Summary and Implications
98(1)
Discussion Questions
99(1)
Journal Entries
99(1)
Portfolio Development
99(1)
School-Based Experiences
100(1)
Web Sites
100(1)
Notes
100(3)
Bibliography
103(1)
School and Society
104(40)
Groups in Society
106(3)
Power and Domination
106(3)
Relevant Research: Conflict of Liberal Discourse and Self-Interest
109(3)
Ethnocentrism
109(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination
110(2)
Today's Families
112(2)
Professional Dilemma: What If He Has Two Mommies?
114(2)
Parenting
114(1)
Latchkey Children
114(1)
Homeless Students
115(1)
Abuse
116(1)
Today's Youth
116(2)
What Is This Generation?
117(1)
Case Study: Low-Income and Gifted
118(8)
Realities of Youth Culture
119(7)
Democracy and Schooling
126(10)
Equality and Education
127(1)
Roles of Schools
128(2)
Purposes of Schools
130(4)
Whose Schools?
134(2)
Global Perspectives: Universal Values
136(1)
Democratic Schools
136(1)
Summary and Implications
137(2)
Discussion Questions
139(1)
Journal Entries
139(1)
Portfolio Development
139(1)
School-Based Experiences
139(1)
Web Sites
140(1)
Notes
140(3)
Bibliography
143(1)
Education That Is Multicultural
144(30)
Undergirding Tenets
146(3)
Diversity
147(1)
Social Justice and Equality
148(1)
Global Perspectives: Antiracist and Multicultural Education
149(1)
Culture of the School
150(2)
Formal Practices
150(1)
Traditions
150(1)
Hidden Curriculum
151(1)
Educational Challenges
152(1)
Diverse Approaches to Teaching and Learning
152(1)
Relevant Research: The Role of Schools in Students' Construction of Ethnic Identity
153(4)
Inclusion in Regular Classrooms
155(2)
Case Study: Science Success for LEP Students
157(3)
Student Voices
157(3)
Professional Dilemma: What Is the Best Way to Teach LEP Students?
160(7)
Multicultural Curriculum
161(2)
Instructional Resources
163(1)
Equitable Practices
164(3)
The Role of the Teacher
167(2)
Thinking Critically
167(1)
Involvement with Communities and Parents
168(1)
Summary and Implications
169(1)
Discussion Questions
170(1)
Journal Entries
170(1)
Portfolio Development
170(1)
School-Based Experiences
170(1)
Web Sites
171(1)
Notes
171(2)
Bibliography
173(1)
part III GOVERNANCE AND SUPPORT OF AMERICAN EDUCATION 174(98)
Viewing Education Through Organizational lenses
175(1)
Structure and Finance of American Education
176(50)
The Structure of the American Education System
178(7)
The Organization of Schools
179(3)
Organization of the School District
182(3)
Case Study: Employing a Retired Military Officer As School District Superintendent
185(17)
Organization of Education at the State Level
188(2)
The Federal Government's Role in Education
190(3)
Other Types of Education Agencies
193(1)
Alternatives to Regular Public Schools
194(3)
Issues Related to Organization and Structure
197(5)
Professional Dilemma: What is the Appropriate Role for Teachers When the Politics Get Rough?
202(1)
The Financing of Education
202(7)
A System of Taxation and Support for Schools
203(6)
Relevant Research: Reform of School Finance in Michigan
209(7)
Education Spending
210(3)
School Finance Issues for the Millennium
213(3)
Global Perspectives: International Comparisons in Spending for Schools
216(3)
Summary and Implications
219(1)
Discussion Questions
219(1)
Journal Entries
219(1)
Portfolio Development
220(1)
School-Based Experiences
220(1)
Web Sites
221(1)
Notes
221(1)
Bibliography
222(4)
Appendix 6.1: A National Network of Regional Educational Libraries
223(3)
Legal Foundations of Education
226(46)
Legal Aspects of Education
228(16)
Legal Provisions for Education: The U. S. Constitution
228(3)
Church and State
231(4)
Religious Activities in Public Schools
235(1)
Segregation and Desegregation
235(6)
Equal Opportunity
241(3)
Professional Dilemma: What Will You Do If a Child in Your Classroom Has AIDS?
244(1)
Teachers' Rights and Responsibilities
244(11)
Conditions of Employment
246(2)
Teacher Tenure
248(2)
Academic Freedom
250(2)
Liability for Negligence
252(3)
Students' Rights and Responsibilities
255(5)
Students' Rights As Citizens
255(4)
Students' Rights and Responsibilities in School
259(1)
Relevant Research: Student Dress Codes: Multiple Perspectives
260(5)
Case Study: School Discipline versus Students' Privacy
265(2)
Global Perspectives: Legal Aspects of Education in Other Countries
267(1)
Summary and Implications
267(2)
Discussion Questions
269(1)
Journal Entries
269(1)
Portfolio Development
270(1)
School-Based Experiences
270(1)
Web Sites
270(1)
Notes
271(1)
Bibliography
271(1)
part IV HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION 272(84)
Viewing Education Through Historical Lenses
273(1)
Antecedents of American Education
274(20)
The Beginnings of Education(to A. D. 476)
276(1)
Aboriginal Education
276(1)
Global Perspectives: Educational Ideas Borrowed from around the World
277(2)
Eastern Education
277(1)
Greek Education
278(1)
Relevant Research: Students' Knowledge of the Past
279(3)
Roman Education
281(1)
Education in the Middle Age (476-1300)
282(2)
The Dark Ages (400-1000)
282(1)
The Revival of Learning
283(1)
Professional Dilemma: Can a Knowledge of History Help Improve Multicultural Education?
284(1)
Education in Transition (1300-1700)
285(2)
The Renaissance
285(1)
The Reformation
285(2)
Modern Period (1700-Present)
287(2)
The Age of Reason
287(1)
The Emergence of Common Man
288(1)
Case Study: A Student Teacher and Rousseau
289(2)
Summary and Implications
291(1)
Discussion Questions
292(1)
Journal Entries
292(1)
Portfolio Development
292(1)
School-Based Experiences
292(1)
Web Sites
293(1)
Notes
293(1)
Bibliography
293(1)
Early American Education
294(32)
Providing Education in the New World
296(3)
Colonial Education
296(2)
The Struggle for Universal Elementary Education
298(1)
Global Perspectives: Educational Transplantation from Europe
299(3)
The Need for Secondary Schools
300(1)
Aims of American Education
301(1)
Relevant Research: Critiquing Historical Resources
302(3)
History of Federal Involvement
304(1)
Preparation of Teachers
305(1)
Global Perspectives: European Beginnings of Teacher Training
305(9)
Evolution of Teaching Materials
309(5)
Case Study: Lessons from the Past
314(1)
Education for Special Populations
315(4)
Education of African Americans
315(3)
Education of Women
318(1)
Global Perspectives: Maria Montessori
319(2)
Professional Dilemma: Can a Teacher Both Defend and Criticize Past and Present Schools?
321(2)
Private Education in America
321(2)
Summary and Implications
323(1)
Discussion Questions
323(1)
Journal Entries
323(1)
Portfolio Development
323(1)
School-Based Experiences
324(1)
Web Sites
324(1)
Notes
324(1)
Bibliography
325(1)
Recent Developments in Education 1940-Present
326(30)
More Students and Bigger Schools
328(4)
The Rapid Growth of the Educational Enterprise
328(2)
School District Consolidation
330(2)
Case Study: The Douglas Country Performance Pay Plan for Teachers
332(5)
Growth of Programs
332(5)
A Developing Profession
337(7)
The Increasing Complexity of the Educational Enterprise
337(4)
Recent Trends in Education
341(3)
Global Perspectives: Jean Piaget
344(1)
Professional Dilemma: How Can the Busy Teacher Keep Up with Historical and Contemporary Research?
345(2)
Relevant Research: Do We Still Need Public School?
347(1)
Global Perspectives: Educators' Worldwide Responsibility
348(1)
Summary and Implications
348(1)
Discussion Questions
349(1)
Journal Entries
349(1)
Portfolio Development
349(1)
School-Based Experiences
350(1)
Web Sites
350(1)
Notes
350(1)
Bibliography
351(5)
Appendix 10.1: Important Dates in the History of Western Education
352(4)
part V PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION 356(78)
Viewing Education Through Philosophical Lenses
357(1)
Philosophy: The Passion to Understand
358(26)
Structure and Methodology of Philosophy
360(5)
The Branches of Philosophy
360(2)
Thinking As a Philosopher
362(3)
Professional Dilemma: Should Ethics Be Taught in Public Schools?
365(1)
Schools of Philosophy and their Influence on Education
366(1)
Idealism
367(1)
Relevant Research: Teaching for Critical Thinking
367(10)
Realism
369(2)
Pragmatism
371(2)
Existentialism
373(1)
Eastern Ways of Knowing
374(3)
Case Study: Required Student Service: A Form of Slavery?
377(1)
Global Perspectives: The Fabric of Eastern Ways of Knowing
378(1)
Native North American Ways of Knowing
378(1)
Summary and Implications
379(1)
Discussion Questions
380(1)
Journal Entries
380(1)
Portfolio Development
381(1)
School-Based Experiences
381(1)
Web Sites
381(1)
Notes
382(1)
Bibliography
382(2)
Educational Theory in American Schools: Philosophy in Action
384(26)
Authoritarian Educational Theories
388(7)
Perennialism
388(2)
Essentialism
390(2)
Behaviorism
392(1)
Positivism
393(2)
Nonauthoritarian Educational Theories
395(3)
Progressivism
395(2)
Reconstructionism
397(1)
Case Study: Authentic School Testing: Values on the Loose
398(4)
Humanism
400(2)
Constructivism
402(1)
Professional Dilemma: Should I Use Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Ability Grouping?
402(1)
Relevant Research: Developing Authentic Assessments
403(3)
Global Perspectives: Looking beyond the Boundaries
406(1)
Summary and Implications
406(1)
Discussion Questions
407(1)
Journal Entries
407(1)
Portfolio Development
407(1)
School-Based Experiences
408(1)
Web Sites
408(1)
Notes
408(1)
Bibliography
408(2)
Building An Educational Philosophy
410(24)
Using Philosophy in the Classroom
413(3)
Classroom Organization
413(3)
Relevant Research: The Three C's of Safe Schools: Cooperation, Conflict Resolution, and Civic Values
416(4)
Motivation
416(2)
Discipline
418(2)
Professional Dilemma: Should You Use Authentic Assessments to Grade Students?
420(4)
Classroom Climate
421(3)
Using Philosophy beyond the Classroom
424(4)
Teachers As Change Agents
424(1)
Teachers As Leaders
425(3)
Case Study: Helping the Females: A Form of Segregation?
428(1)
Global Perspectives: The World as Classroom
429(1)
Summary and Implications
429(1)
Discussion Questions
430(1)
Journal Entries
431(1)
Portfolio Development
431(1)
School-Based Experiences
431(1)
Web Sites
431(1)
Notes
432(1)
Bibliography
432(2)
part VI SCHOOL PROGRAMS AND PRACTICES 434(72)
Viewing Education Through Program Development Lenses
435(1)
Developing the Curriculum
436(32)
Understanding the Curriculum
438(7)
Goals and Aims for Education
438(2)
Structure of the Curriculum
440(3)
Students Served by the Curriculum
443(2)
Curriculum Offerings
445(5)
General Education
445(1)
Exploratory Education
446(2)
Education for Career
448(2)
Curriculum Alternatives
450(1)
Effective Schools
450(1)
Case Study: Family-School Partnerships
451(3)
Outcomes-Based Education
452(1)
Early Childhood Programs
453(1)
Charter Schools
454(1)
Global Perspectives: The Charter Movement in Sweden
454(2)
Home-Based Education
455(1)
Business and Industry Involvement
455(1)
Professional Dilemma: Well, Here We Go Again!
456(1)
Ever Occurring Change
456(1)
Assessing the Magnitude of Change
457(1)
Curriculum and Student Evaluation
457(7)
Curriculum Evaluation
458(2)
Student Evaluation
460(4)
Relevant Research: Using Assessment to Improve Learning
464(1)
Summary and Implications
464(1)
Discussion Questions
465(1)
Journal Entries
465(1)
Portfolio Development
465(1)
School-Based Experiences
466(1)
Web Sites
466(1)
Notes
466(1)
Bibliography
466(2)
Delivery of Instruction
468(38)
Organizing Teachers and Space
470(6)
Graded and Nongraded Schools
471(2)
Patterns of Elementary, Intermediate, and Secondary Organization
473(1)
Staffing Arrangements
474(1)
Teacher Scheduling
475(1)
Organizing Students
476(3)
Class Size
476(1)
Philosophy of Grouping
477(2)
Instructional Practices
479(6)
Expected Goals for Learning
479(1)
Models of Learning
480(5)
Professional Dilemma: School Program Issues
485(1)
Using Technology in Instruction
485(7)
Learning Resource Centers
486(1)
Television
486(1)
Videodiscs
487(1)
Use of Mainframes
487(1)
Microcomputers
488(4)
Change, Change, Change
492(1)
Restructuring Schools
492(1)
Global Perspectives: Local School Programs in Italy
493(1)
Transforming Schools
493(1)
Case Study: School Reform
494(5)
Relevant Research: Do Magnet Schools Boost Achievement?
499(2)
Will You Be Ready?
500(1)
Summary and Implications
501(1)
Discussion Questions
502(1)
Journal Entries
502(1)
Portfolio Development
502(1)
School-Based Experiences
502(1)
Web Sites
503(1)
Notes
503(1)
Bibliography
503(3)
Appendix 15.1: Domains of Learning
504(2)
Glossary 506(6)
Name Index 512(5)
Subject Index 517

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