An Introduction to Genetic Analysis

by Griffiths, Anthony J.F.; Wessler, Susan R.; Lewontin, Richard C.; Gelbart, William M.; Suzuki, David T.; Miller, Jeffrey H.

• ISBN13: 9780716749394
• ISBN10: 0716749394
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-04-23
• Publisher: W. H. Freeman

Summary

An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (IGA)stands out from its peers in this course in that it provides a clear introduction to the techniques and experiments of scientists past and present, not just an "encyclopedia" of information. This experimental emphasis, together with a solid pedagogical framework in the chapters, provides the clearest, most cutting-edge text available. IGA is also well-known for its outstanding problem sets, an integral part of the genetics course at any school.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Genetics and the Organism	1	(26)
Genes as determinants of the inherent properties of species	3	(5)
Genetic variation	8	(3)
Methodologies used in genetics	11	(2)
Model organisms	13	(3)
Genes, the environment, and the organism	16	(11)
Part I: TRANSMISSION GENETIC ANALYSIS
Patterns of Inheritance	27	(46)
Autosomal inheritance	29	(19)
Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance	48	(7)
Cytoplasmic inheritance	55	(18)
The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance	73	(42)
Historical development of the chromosome theory	75	(5)
The nature of chromosomes	80	(10)
Mitosis and meiosis	90	(6)
Chromosome behavior and inheritance patterns in eukaryotes	96	(7)
Organelle chromosomes	103	(12)
Eukaryote Chromosome Mapping by Recombination	115	(36)
The discovery of the inheritance patterns of linked genes	117	(4)
Recombination	121	(3)
Linkage maps	124	(7)
Using the chi-square test in linkage analysis	131	(2)
Using Lod scores to assess linkage in human pedigrees	133	(1)
Accounting for unseen multiple crossovers	134	(17)
The Genetics of Bacteria and Their Viruses	151	(34)
Working with microorganisms	153	(2)
Bacterial conjugation	155	(11)
Bacterial transformation	166	(1)
Bacteriophage genetics	166	(4)
Transduction	170	(4)
Physical maps versus linkage maps	174	(11)
Part II: THE RELATIONSHIP OF DNA AND PHENOTYPE
From Gene to Phenotype	185	(42)
Genes and gene products	187	(5)
Interactions between the alleles of one gene	192	(5)
Interacting genes and proteins	197	(12)
Applications of chi-square (x2) test to gene interaction ratios	209	(18)
DNA: Structure and Replication	227	(28)
DNA: the genetic material	229	(2)
The DNA structure	231	(6)
Semiconservative replication	237	(3)
Overview of DNA replication	240	(2)
The replisome: a remarkable replication machine	242	(2)
Assembling the replisome: replication initiation	244	(3)
Telomeres and telomerase: replication termination	247	(8)
RNA: Transcription and Processing	255	(18)
RNA	257	(2)
Transcription	259	(5)
Transcription in eukaryotes	264	(9)
Proteins and Their Synthesis	273	(28)
Protein structure	275	(2)
Colinearity of gene and protein	277	(1)
The genetic code	278	(4)
tRNA: the adapter	282	(3)
Ribosomes	285	(6)
Posttranslational events	291	(10)
Regulation of Gene Transcription	301	(40)
Prokaryotic gene regulation	303	(4)
Discovery of the lac system of negative control	307	(5)
Catabolite repression of the lac operon: positive control	312	(3)
Dual positive and negative control: the arabinose operon	315	(1)
Metabolic pathways	316	(1)
Transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes	316	(6)
Chromatin's role in eukaryotic gene regulation	322	(19)
Part III: GENOME STRUCTURE AND ENGINEERING
Gene Isolation and Manipulation	341	(48)
Generating recombinant molecules	343	(17)
DNA amplification in vitro: the polymerase chain reaction	360	(2)
Zeroing in on the gene for alkaptonuria: another case study	362	(2)
Detecting human disease alleles: molecular genetic diagnostics	364	(2)
Genetic engineering	366	(23)
Genomics	389	(34)
The nature of genomics	391	(1)
The sequence map of a genome	392	(2)
Creating genomic sequence maps	394	(4)
Using genomic sequence to find a specific gene	398	(8)
Bioinformatics: meaning from genomic sequence	406	(4)
Take-home lessons from the genomes	410	(3)
Functional genomics	413	(10)
The Dynamic Genome: Transposable Elements	423	(28)
Discovery of transposable elements in maize	425	(4)
Transposable elements in prokaryotes	429	(5)
Transposable elements in eukaryotes	434	(6)
The dynamic genome: more transposable elements than ever imagined	440	(5)
Host regulation of transposable elements	445	(6)
Part IV: THE NATURE OF HERITABLE CHANGE
Mutation, Repair, and Recombination	451	(30)
Point mutations	453	(8)
Spontaneous mutation	461	(7)
Biological repair mechanisms	468	(5)
The mechanism of meiotic crossing-over	473	(8)
Large-Scale Chromosomal Changes	481	(40)
Changes in chromosome number	483	(13)
Changes in chromosome structure	496	(10)
Overall incidence of human chromosome mutations	506	(15)
Part V: FROM GENES TO PROCESSES
Dissection of Gene Function	521	(24)
Forward genetics	523	(7)
Reverse genetics	530	(5)
Analysis of recovered mutations	535	(2)
Broader applications of functional dissection	537	(8)
Genetic Regulation of Cell Number: Normal and Cancer Cells	545	(30)
The balance between cell loss and proliferation	547	(1)
The cell-proliferation machinery of the cell cycle	548	(4)
The machinery of programmed cell death	552	(1)
Extracellular signals	553	(5)
Cancer: the genetics of aberrant cell number regulation	558	(8)
Applying genomic approaches to cancer research, diagnosis, and therapies	566	(9)
The Genetic Basis of Development	575	(36)
The logic of building the body plan	577	(1)
Binary fate decisions: the germ line versus the soma	578	(4)
Forming complex pattern: the logic of the decision-making process	582	(1)
Forming complex pattern: establishing positional information	583	(8)
Forming complex pattern: utilizing positional information to establish cell fates	591	(6)
Refining the pattern	597	(3)
The many parallels in vertebrate and insect pattern formation	600	(2)
The genetics of sex determination in humans	602	(1)
Do the lessons of animal development apply to plants?	603	(2)
Genomic approaches to understanding pattern formation	605	(6)
Part VI: THE IMPACT OF GENETIC VARIATION
Population Genetics	611	(32)
Variation and its modulation	612	(9)
Effect of sexual reproduction on variation	621	(5)
Sources of variation	626	(3)
Selection	629	(5)
Balanced polymorphism	634	(2)
Random events	636	(7)
Quantitative Genetics	643	(36)
Genes and quantitative traits	645	(2)
Some basic statistical notions	647	(2)
Genotypes and phenotypic distribution	649	(2)
Norm of reaction and phenotypic distribution	651	(1)
Determining norms of reaction	652	(2)
The heritability of a quantitative character	654	(2)
Quantifying heritability	656	(8)
Locating genes	664	(3)
Statistical appendix	667	(12)
Evolutionary Genetics	679	(28)
A synthesis of forces: variation and divergence of populations	682	(3)
Multiple adaptive peaks	685	(2)
Heritability of variation	687	(1)
Observed variation within and between populations	688	(1)
The process of speciation	689	(2)
Origin of new genes	691	(4)
Rate of molecular evolution	695	(1)
Genetic evidence of common ancestry in evolution	696	(2)
Comparative genomics and proteomics	698	(9)
A Brief Guide to Model Organisms	707	(16)
Appendix A: Genetic Nomenclature	723	(1)
Appendix B: Bioinformatics Resources for Genetics and Genomics	724	(3)
Glossary	727	(22)
Answers to Selected Problems	749	(14)
Index	763