Introduction to Global Health

by Jacobsen, Kathryn H.

• ISBN13: 9780763751593
• ISBN10: 0763751596
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-10-05
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Summary

With a unique emphasis on possible solutions to world health problems, this book addresses all the key issues of global health at a level that is basic enough so that students from a variety of majors can Understand The material. it will give the reader: an understanding of biological and social aspects of major global health issues, especially in the areas of infectious disease, nutrition, and environmental health. A knowledge of population groups that are at increased risk of poor health and familiarity with policies and programs designed to reduce health inequalities. A familiarity with global health vocabulary, The basic methods used to assess global health, And The tools to locate and understand additional global health information. the author has included over 170 tables and figures to illustrate important concepts, As well as a supplemental chapter on how to read journal articles. The text is also accompanied by downloadable instructor resources, including PowerPoint slides, a TestBank, and an Instructorrs"s Manual with suggested discussion questions and sample syllabi. This text is now available as a bundle with Ruth Levine's Case Studies in Global Health . Case Studies in Global Health is a series of twenty case studies that illustrate real-life proven, large-scale success stories in global public health. The case studies will give your students a clear and inspiring picture of how global public health efforts have made a difference in the lives of people around the world.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Global Health	p. 1
What Is Global Health?	p. 1
What Is Health?	p. 2
Medicine and Public Health	p. 3
Studying Population Health	p. 7
Person	p. 7
Place	p. 7
Time	p. 8
Risk Factors	p. 8
Causal Webs	p. 11
Prevention	p. 13
Screening	p. 14
Selecting Interventions	p. 16
References	p. 18
Health Inequalities	p. 19
Health Inequalities	p. 20
Causes of Death	p. 23
Injuries	p. 24
Non-communicable Conditions	p. 27
Infectious Diseases and Other Conditions	p. 30
Inequalities in Causes of Death	p. 31
References	p. 36
Socioeconomic Context of Disease	p. 39
Socioeconomic Risk Factors	p. 40
Poverty	p. 41
Economic Indicators	p. 43
Employment and Occupational Status	p. 48
Literacy and Educational Level	p. 50
References	p. 54
Maternal and Child Health	p. 55
Causes of Child Death	p. 55
Pneumonia	p. 58
Diarrhea	p. 61
Malaria	p. 62
Measles	p. 63
Undernutrition	p. 64
Child Health Initiatives	p. 65
Protecting Children	p. 69
Women's Health	p. 70
Maternal Health	p. 72
Family Planning	p. 76
Population Growth	p. 82
Demography	p. 83
Population Planning Policies	p. 88
References	p. 89
The Health of Special Populations	p. 91
Ethnic, Racial, Religious, and Tribal Minorities	p. 92
Immigrants, Refugees, and Internally Displaced People	p. 94
Prisoners	p. 96
Persons with Mental Illness	p. 98
Measuring the Burden of Disease	p. 101
Persons with Physical Impairments	p. 101
Landmines	p. 106
Older Persons	p. 108
References	p. 113
The Spread of Infectious Diseases	p. 115
Infection Transmission	p. 116
The Disease Process	p. 119
Agent, Host, Environment	p. 122
Agent	p. 122
Host	p. 139
Environment	p. 140
Vector	p. 141
Measuring Disease in Populations	p. 142
Disease Control	p. 144
References	p. 146
HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and TB	p. 149
HIV/AIDS	p. 149
Malaria	p. 158
Tuberculosis (TB)	p. 163
Comparison of HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and TB	p. 166
References	p. 167
Globalization and Emerging Infectious Diseases	p. 169
"The Epidemiologic Transition" and Globalization	p. 169
Emerging Infectious Diseases	p. 171
Influenza	p. 174
Bioterrorism	p. 176
References	p. 178
Nutrition	p. 181
Essential Nutrients	p. 181
Undernutrition	p. 189
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies	p. 190
Vitamin A Deficiency	p. 193
Iodine Deficiency Disorders	p. 194
Iron Deficiency Anemia	p. 194
Zinc Deficiency	p. 196
Measuring Nutritional Status	p. 196
Breastfeeding	p. 199
Globalization and Food Safety	p. 201
Overnutrition	p. 203
Is There Enough Food in the World?	p. 207
References	p. 209
Environmental Health	p. 211
History of Environmental Health	p. 211
What Is Environmental Health?	p. 212
The Home Environment	p. 214
Water	p. 215
Sanitation	p. 222
Fuel and Indoor Air Quality	p. 225
Conclusion	p. 227
References	p. 228
Health Effects of Environmental Change	p. 229
Health Impacts of Local Environmental Change	p. 229
Urbanization	p. 234
The Work Environment	p. 237
Community Health Action	p. 240
Global Environmental Change	p. 242
References	p. 245
Global Health Payers and Players	p. 247
Who Pays for Health?	p. 247
Paying for Personal Health	p. 247
Paying for Public Health	p. 252
International Funding and Debt Relief	p. 253
Who Implements Health Programs?	p. 256
National and Local Governments	p. 256
United Nations Agencies	p. 257
National Governmental Organizations	p. 259
Non-Governmental Organizations	p. 265
International Businesses	p. 269
References	p. 270
Global Health Priorities	p. 273
Health and Human Rights	p. 273
Trade Agreements, Intellectual Property Rights, and Health	p. 277
Priorities in Global Health	p. 279
Millennium Development Goals	p. 282
How Much Will It Cost?	p. 285
References	p. 288
Learning More about Global Public Health	p. 291
Information Sources	p. 291
Reading an Abstract	p. 293
Finding Reliable Articles	p. 294
Epidemiologic Study Designs	p. 296
Ecological Surveys	p. 296
Cross-Sectional Surveys	p. 299
Case-Control Studies	p. 300
Cohort Studies	p. 303
Clinical Trials	p. 306
Research Ethics	p. 308
Interpreting Measures of Association	p. 310
Bias and Confounding	p. 313
Validity	p. 314
References	p. 319
Countries of the World by WHO Region	p. 321
Constitution of the World Health Organization	p. 326
Convention on the Rights of the Child	p. 329
Universal Declaration of Human Rights	p. 331
Millennium Development Goals, Targets, and Indicators	p. 336
Preventive and Treatment Interventions for Major Health Issues	p. 340
Recommended Childhood Immunizations	p. 343
Index	p. 345
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