Introduction to Great Political Thinkers

by EBENSTEIN

• ISBN13: 9780030470271
• ISBN10: 0030470277
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1992-01-01
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Table of Contents

Preface	iii
Plato (ca. 427-347 B.C.)	1	(63)
The Republic	13	(51)
Justice as the Interest of the Stronger	13	(3)
Ruling as an Art	16	(4)
The Rudiments of Social Organization	20	(3)
The Luxurious State	23	(1)
The Guardians' Temperament	24	(2)
Primary Education of the Guardians: Censorship of Literature	26	(2)
Selection of Rulers: The Guardians' Manner of Living	28	(4)
The Virtues in the State	32	(5)
The Three Parts of the Soul	37	(5)
The Virtues in the Individual	42	(2)
Equality of Women	44	(4)
Abolition of the Family for the Guardians	48	(6)
The Paradox: Philosophers Must Be Kings	54	(2)
The Allegory of the Cave	56	(4)
Democracy and the Democratic Man	60	(4)
Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)	64	(46)
Politics	75	(35)
Nature and Origin of the State	75	(2)
Slavery	77	(2)
Critique of Plato's Republic	79	(1)
Property: Equality or Inequality?	80	(5)
Citizenship	85	(8)
Political Systems	93	(1)
Democracy and Oligarchy	94	(4)
Monarchy	98	(1)
Liberty and Equality	99	(1)
The Rule of Law	100	(2)
Constitutional Government	102	(1)
The Best State	103	(1)
Political Moderation and Stability: The Middle Classes	104	(2)
Causes of Revolution	106	(1)
How to Prevent Revolution	107	(3)
St. Augustine (354-430)	110	(20)
The City of God	116	(14)
Justice---The Foundation of the State	116	(1)
The True Happiness of the Ruler	116	(1)
The Earthly and the Heavenly City	117	(1)
The Two Types of Man	117	(1)
Conflict and Peace in the Earthly City	118	(1)
The Lust for Power in the Earthly City	119	(1)
Limitations of Social Life	120	(1)
Shortcomings of Human Justice	120	(1)
The Misery of War	121	(1)
The Objective of War: Peace	122	(2)
The Tranquillity of Order in the Universe	124	(2)
Rulers as Servants of the Ruled	126	(1)
Liberty and Slavery	127	(1)
Equitable Rule	128	(1)
The Supranational Character of the Heavenly City on Earth	128	(2)
St. Thomas Aquinas (ca. 1225-1274)	130	(29)
On Kingship	143	(8)
Definition of Kingship	143	(2)
Rule by One or by Many?	145	(1)
Resistance to Tyrants	146	(2)
Kings are Subject to Priests	148	(3)
Summa Theologica	151	(8)
Whether Law Is Something Pertaining to Reason?	151	(1)
Whether the Law Is Always Directed to the Common Good?	152	(1)
Whether the Reason of Any Man Is Competent to Make Laws?	153	(1)
Whether Promulgation Is Essential to the Law?	153	(1)
Whether the Natural Law Is the Same in All Men?	154	(1)
Whether Every Human Law Is Derived from the Natural Law?	155	(2)
Whether Human Law Binds a Man in Conscience?	157	(1)
Whether Human Law Should Always be Changed, Whenever Something Better Occurs?	158	(1)
Machiavelli (1467-1527)	159	(21)
The Prince	168	(12)
Constant Readiness for War	168	(1)
Why Princes Are Praised or Blamed	169	(1)
Liberality and Niggardliness	170	(1)
Cruelty and Clemency: Is It Better to Be Loved or Feared?	171	(1)
In What Way Princes Must Keep Faith	172	(2)
Princes Must Avoid Being Despised or Hated	174	(1)
The Usefulness of Fortresses	175	(2)
How Princes Gain Reputation	177	(3)
Hobbes (1588-1679)	180	(28)
Leviathan	190	(18)
The State of Nature	190	(2)
The Social Contract	192	(2)
The Commonwealth	194	(2)
Rights of the Sovereign	196	(3)
Liberty of the Subject	199	(3)
Civil Law and Natural Law	202	(2)
Subversive Political Doctrines	204	(4)
Locke (1632-1704)	208	(30)
Two Treatises of Government	218	(20)
The State of Nature	218	(4)
The State of War	222	(1)
Slavery	223	(1)
Property	224	(3)
Political Society	227	(2)
The End of Government	229	(1)
The Limits of Government	230	(3)
The Right to Rebel	233	(5)
Rousseau (1712-1778)	238	(35)
The Social Contract	250	(23)
Man is Born Free	250	(1)
The Right of the Strongest	250	(1)
Slavery	251	(2)
The First Convention of Society	253	(1)
The Social Compact	253	(2)
The Sovereign	255	(1)
The Civil State	256	(1)
The Inalienability of Sovereignty	256	(1)
The Indivisibility of Sovereignty	257	(1)
Infallibility of the General Will	258	(1)
Limits of the Sovereign Power	259	(2)
Law	261	(1)
The Legislator	262	(2)
The People	264	(1)
Government in General	265	(3)
Democracy	268	(1)
Deputies or Representatives	269	(2)
Voting	271	(2)
Mill (1806-1873)	273	(35)
On Liberty	282	(26)
Liberty and Authority	282	(4)
Liberty of Thought and Discussion	286	(22)
Marx (1818-1883)	308	(32)
Marx and Engels (1820-1895) The Communist Manifesto	321	(19)
Bourgeois and Proletarians	321	(7)
Proletarians and Communists	328	(5)
Socialist and Communist Literature	333	(6)
Position of the Communists in Relation to the Various Existing Opposition Parties	339	(1)
Rawls (1921- )	340	(23)
A Theory of Justice	347	(16)
The Role of Justice	347	(1)
The Subject of Justice	348	(1)
The Main Idea of the Theory of Justice	348	(3)
The Original Position and Justification	351	(1)
Two Principles of Justice	352	(2)
The Difference Principle	354	(2)
Fair Equality of Opportunity	356	(1)
The Tendency to Equality	357	(2)
The Priority of Liberty	359	(4)
For Further Reading	363	(6)
Index	369