Introduction to Health Care Delivery : A Primer for Pharmacists

by McCarthy, Robert L.

• ISBN13: 9780763732813
• ISBN10: 0763732818
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-04-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

Introduction to Health Care Delivery: A Primer for Pharmacists, Third Edition offers a comprehensive picture of the U.S. health care delivery system while emphasizing the perspective of the pharmacy p

Table of Contents

Contributors	xv
Preface	xix
Acknowledgments	xxii
PART I SOCIAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY	1	(226)
Health Care Delivery in America: Historical and Policy Perspectives	3	(44)
Jennifer L. Tebbe
Learning Objectives	4	(1)
Introduction	5	(1)
Health, Disease, and Health Practitioners in Colonial America	6	(1)
America in the Nineteenth Century: The Health Care Environment	7	(8)
Continuity and Change in Health Institutions and Profession	15	(8)
Health and Sickness Patterns in Historical Perspective	23	(6)
Health Policy Overview: 1900--1950	29	(1)
Post-World War II Health Care Changes	30	(7)
Key Topics and Terms	37	(1)
References	37	(10)
Health Care Professionals and Interdisciplinary Care	47	(24)
Alice M. Sapienza
Learning Objectives	48	(1)
Introduction	48	(1)
Professionals	49	(1)
Pharmacists	50	(3)
Physicians	53	(5)
Physician Assistants	58	(1)
Nurses	58	(3)
Other Allied Health Professionals	61	(3)
Conclusions	64	(5)
Key Topics and Terms	69	(1)
References	69	(2)
The Pharmacist and the Pharmacy Profession	71	(40)
Shane P. Desselle
Learning Objectives	72	(1)
Introduction	73	(1)
Evolutions of the Profession and Medication Use Systems	74	(5)
Pharmaceutical Care	79	(8)
Pharmacy Practice Today and Tomorrow	87	(2)
Professional Pharmacy Organizations	89	(5)
Pharmacy Technicians	94	(4)
E-Commerce and Internet Pharmacy	98	(4)
Pharmacy Manpower	102	(3)
Summary	105	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	106	(1)
References	106	(5)
The Patient	111	(36)
Kimberly S. Plake
Peter L. Steere
Edward Krupat
Learning Objectives	112	(1)
Introduction	113	(1)
Patients	113	(1)
Demographics	113	(1)
Treatment versus Prevention	114	(2)
Insurance Issues	116	(1)
Patients and the Health Care Environment	117	(4)
Patients' Expectations	121	(1)
Access to Health Information	122	(18)
Conclusion	140	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	140	(1)
References	140	(7)
Public Health: Principles and Practice	147	(24)
Bruce Lubotsky Levin
Peter D. Hurd
Learning Objectives	148	(1)
Historical Perspective	148	(3)
Changing Health Priorities	151	(1)
HIV/AIDS	152	(1)
Changing Health Roles	153	(3)
Development of Public Health Systems	156	(6)
Alignment with the Health Care Delivery System	162	(3)
Importance of Health of Citizenry	165	(1)
Conclusions	166	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	167	(1)
References	167	(4)
Drug Use and the Pharmaceutical Sector in the United States	171	(28)
Peter L. Steere
Michael Montagne
Learning Objectives	173	(1)
Introduction	173	(1)
Drugs as Remedies, Poisons, or Magical Charms	174	(2)
Use of Drug Products from a Consumer Perspective	176	(3)
Drug Use from the Health Professional's Perspective	179	(2)
Drug Development and Distribution Systems	181	(10)
Future Changes in the Pharmaceutical Sector	191	(2)
Conclusions	193	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	194	(1)
References	195	(4)
Health Care Ethics	199	(28)
Robert L. McCarthy
Learning Objectives	200	(1)
Ethical Decision Making in Health Care	201	(1)
``Macro'' versus ``Micro'' Ethical Situations	202	(1)
Competence, Trustworthiness, and Caring	203	(1)
The Health Professional--Patient Relationship: Consumerism versus Paternalism	204	(1)
Moral Rights versus Legal Rights to Health Care	204	(1)
Patients' Rights	205	(1)
Health Care Practitioners' Duty to Their Patients	206	(1)
Legal Responsibility versus Moral Obligation	206	(1)
Ethical Responsibility in Pharmacy: Pharmaceutical Care	207	(1)
Veatch's Framework for Ethical Analysis	207	(1)
Ethical Theories	208	(1)
Ethical Principles and Moral Rules	209	(6)
Ethical Codes	215	(3)
Ethical Issues in Health Care	218	(4)
Conclusions	222	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	223	(1)
References	224	(3)
PART II ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY	227	(254)
Hospitals	229	(28)
Catherine N. Otto
William W. McCloskey
Learning Objectives	230	(1)
Introduction	230	(1)
Historical Perspective	231	(1)
Hospitals in the New Century	232	(3)
Hospital Characteristics	235	(3)
Hospital Management	238	(2)
American Hospital Association	240	(1)
Hospital Accreditation	240	(1)
Future of Hospitals	241	(1)
The Pharmacist's Role in a Hospital-Based Practice	242	(2)
Responsibilities of the Hospital Pharmacy	244	(1)
Drug Distribution Systems	244	(2)
Centralized versus Decentralized Pharmacy Services	246	(1)
Intravenous Admixture Services	247	(1)
Nondistributive Pharmacy Services	248	(2)
Hospital Formulary System	250	(1)
Purchasing and Inventory Control	251	(1)
Residency Programs	252	(1)
Conclusions	253	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	253	(1)
References	253	(4)
Ambulatory Care	257	(32)
David M. Scott
Learning Objectives	258	(1)
Growth of Ambulatory Care	258	(3)
Types of Medical Practices	261	(2)
Managed Care	263	(2)
Hospital-Related Ambulatory Services	265	(3)
Emergency Services	268	(2)
Government Programs	270	(4)
Miscellaneous Programs	274	(3)
Ambulatory Pharmacy Services	277	(6)
Conclusions	283	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	284	(1)
References	284	(5)
Long-Term Care	289	(28)
Kimberly S. Plake
Kristin B. Meyer
Ernest J. Dole
Learning Objectives	290	(1)
Introduction	290	(1)
Patients Who May Require Long-Term Care Services	291	(13)
Future of Long-Term Care	304	(8)
Key Topics and Terms	312	(1)
References	312	(5)
Mental Health Services Delivery	317	(40)
Helen Meldrum
Bruce Lubotsky Levin
Ardis Hanson
Learning Objectives	318	(1)
Introduction	318	(1)
What is the History of the Treatment of Mental Disorders in America?	319	(3)
What Does Epidemiology of Mental Disorders Mean?	322	(2)
What is Treatment?	324	(4)
What is the Role of Pharmacists in Treatment?	328	(4)
What is Medication Adherence?	332	(3)
How Does Managed Care Affect Services Delivery?	335	(12)
Conclusions	347	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	348	(1)
References	349	(8)
Home Care	357	(20)
William W. McCloskey
Robert L. McCarthy
Charles F. Monahan III
Learning Objectives	358	(1)
Introduction	358	(1)
Home Care Industries	359	(6)
Factors that Influence the Home Care Industry	365	(4)
The Role of the Home Care Pharmacist	369	(6)
Conclusions	375	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	375	(1)
References	376	(1)
Informatics in Health Care	377	(28)
David M. Scott
Bruce Lubotsky Levin
Ardis Hanson
Learning Objectives	378	(1)
Introduction	378	(1)
History of Informatics Technology	379	(2)
Applications in Health Care and Pharmacy Practice	381	(7)
Trends in Pharmacy Practice	388	(3)
Pharmacist Education and Training	391	(3)
Ethical and Legal Issues	394	(2)
Challenges and Trends	396	(3)
Key Topics and Terms	399	(1)
References	399	(6)
International Health Care and Pharmaceutical Services	405	(40)
Ana C. Quinones
Linda E. Barry
Learning Objectives	406	(1)
Introduction	407	(1)
Health Care Delivery Systems in Selected Developed Nations	408	(15)
Health Care Delivery in Developing Countries	423	(7)
Selected Developing Nations' Health Care Systems	430	(7)
Conclusions	437	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	438	(1)
References	439	(6)
Government Involvement in Health Care	445	(36)
Earlene E. Lipowski
Learning Objectives	445	(1)
Introduction	446	(6)
Government Health Functions and Organization	452	(4)
Federal Government	456	(12)
State Governments	468	(3)
Local Governments	471	(1)
Emerging Issues for Government Involvement	472	(3)
Conclusions	475	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	476	(1)
References	477	(4)
PART III ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF HEALTH CARE DELIVERY	481	(205)
Basic Economic Principles Affecting Health Care	483	(26)
Kenneth W. Schafermeyer
Learning Objectives	484	(1)
Introduction	484	(1)
Economic Concepts in Individual Consumer Decision Making	485	(1)
Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility	486	(1)
The Law of Demand	487	(7)
The Law of Supply	494	(2)
Equilibrium Price	496	(3)
Elasticity of Demand	499	(6)
Conclusion	505	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	506	(3)
Unique Aspects of Health Economics	509	(16)
Kenneth W. Schafermeyer
Learning Objectives	509	(1)
Introduction	510	(1)
Perfectly Competitive Industries	510	(2)
Other Market Structures	512	(2)
The Health Care Market	514	(4)
Improving Economic Performance of the Health Care System	518	(4)
Conclusions	522	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	523	(1)
References	524	(1)
Pharmacoeconomics	525	(28)
Emily R. Cox
Kenneth W. Schafermeyer
Learning Objectives	525	(1)
Introduction	526	(2)
Comparing Pharmacoeconomic Methodologies	528	(1)
Steps for Conducting a Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation	529	(16)
Approaches to Conducting Pharmacoeconomic Studies	545	(3)
Critical Appraisal of a Pharmacoeconomic Study	548	(2)
Conclusions	550	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	550	(1)
References	551	(2)
Private Health Insurance	553	(28)
Kenneth W. Schafermeyer
Learning Objectives	554	(1)
Introduction	554	(3)
History of Health Insurance	557	(4)
The Health Insurance Industry	561	(4)
Basic Principles and Strategies of Health Insurance	565	(8)
Administration of Prescription Drug Programs	573	(3)
Impact of Health Insurance on Pharmacy	576	(1)
Conclusions	577	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	577	(1)
References	578	(3)
Medicare	581	(22)
Alan P. Wolfgang
Learning Objectives	581	(1)
Legislative History	582	(1)
The Medicare Program	583	(1)
Eligibility	583	(2)
Financing	585	(1)
Administration	585	(1)
Services and Cost Sharing	586	(5)
Expenditures	591	(1)
Medicare Supplement (Medigap) Insurance	592	(2)
Future Challenges	594	(3)
Postscript	597	(2)
Key Topics and Terms	599	(1)
References	599	(4)
Medicaid	603	(18)
Alan P. Wolfgang
Learning Objectives	603	(1)
Legislative History	604	(1)
Eligibility	605	(3)
Financing and Administration	608	(1)
Services and Cost Sharing	609	(2)
Expenditures	611	(2)
State Flexibility	613	(3)
Comparison of Medicare and Medicaid	616	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	617	(1)
References	618	(3)
Managed Health Care	621	(26)
Kenneth W. Schafermeyer
Brenda R. Motheral
Learning Objectives	622	(1)
The History of Managed Care	622	(3)
Types of Managed Care Organizations	625	(4)
Managing the Pharmacy Benefit	629	(8)
Ethical Issues in Managed Care	637	(1)
Quality in Managed Care	637	(3)
Impact of Managed Care on Pharmacists	640	(1)
Conclusions	641	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	642	(1)
References	643	(4)
Health Care Reform	647	(39)
Craig A. Pedersen
Catherine N. Otto
Learning Objectives	647	(1)
Introduction	648	(1)
Identification of the Problem	648	(1)
An Issue of Access	649	(1)
The Best Health Care?	650	(1)
Demand versus Need	651	(1)
Government Trust Funds	652	(3)
Health Care Reform Efforts by the Federal Government	655	(6)
Health Care Reform Efforts by the States	661	(13)
Current Issues in Health Care Reform	674	(9)
The Pharmacy Profession and Health Care Reform: A Call for Action	683	(2)
Conclusions	685	(1)
Key Topics and Terms	686	(1)
References	686