Introduction To Heat Transfer , 4th Edition

by Frank P. Incropera (Univ. of Notre Dame); David P. DeWitt (Purdue Univ.)

• ISBN13: 9780471386490
• ISBN10: 0471386499
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-08-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

The de facto standard text for heat transfer - noted for its readability, comprehensiveness and relevancy. Now revised to include clarified learning objectives, chapter summaries and many new problems. The fourth edition, like previous editions, continues to support four student learning objectives, desired attributes of any first course in heat transfer: * Learn the meaning of the terminology and physical principles of heat transfer delineate pertinent transport phenomena for any process or system involving heat transfer. * Use requisite inputs for computing heat transfer rates and/or material temperatures. * Develop representative models of real processes and systems and draw conclusions concerning process/systems design or performance from the attendant analysis.

Table of Contents

Symbols	xix
Introduction	2	(49)
What and How?	2	(1)
Physical Origins and Rate Equations	3	(10)
Conduction	3	(3)
Converction	6	(3)
Radiation	9	(3)
Relationship to Thermodynamics	12	(1)
The Conservations of Energy Requirement	13	(11)
Conservation of Energy for a Control Volume	13	(8)
The Surface Energy Balance	21	(3)
Application of the Conservation Laws: Methodology	24	(1)
Analysis of Heat Transfer Problems: Methodology	24	(3)
Relevance of Heat Transfer	27	(1)
Units and Dimensions	28	(3)
Summary	31	(20)
Problems	34	(17)
Introduction to Conduction	51	(36)
The Conduction Rate Equation	52	(2)
The Thermal Properties of Matter	54	(7)
Thermal Conductivity	54	(4)
Other Relevant Properties	58	(3)
The Heat Diffusion Equation	61	(7)
Boundary and Initial Conditions	68	(4)
Summary	72	(15)
References	73	(1)
Problems	73	(14)
One-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction	87	(96)
The Plane Wall	88	(13)
Temperature Distribution	88	(2)
Thermal Resistance	90	(1)
The Composite Wall	91	(2)
Contact Resistance	93	(8)
An Alternative Conduction Analysis	101	(3)
Radial Systems	104	(10)
The Cylinder	105	(5)
The Sphere	110	(4)
Summary of One-Dimensional Conduction Results	114	(1)
Conduction with Thermal Energy Generation	114	(12)
The Plane Wall	115	(6)
Radial Systems	121	(5)
Application of Resistance Concepts	126	(1)
Heat Transfer from Extended Surfaces	126	(23)
A General Conduction Analysis	128	(2)
Fins of Uniform Cross-Sectional Area	130	(6)
Fins of Performance	136	(3)
Fins of Nonuniform Cross-Sectional Area	139	(1)
Overall Surface Efficiency	140	(9)
Summary	149	(34)
References	152	(1)
Problems	152	(31)
Two-Dimensional, Steady-State Conduction	183	(56)
Alternative Approaches	184	(1)
The Method of Separation of Variables	185	(4)
The Graphical Method	189	(7)
Methodology of Constructing a Flux Plot	190	(1)
Determination of the Heat Transfer Rate	191	(1)
The Conduction Shape Factor	192	(4)
Finite-Difference Equations	196	(9)
The Nodal Network	196	(1)
Finite-Difference Form of the Heat Equation	197	(1)
The Energy Balance Method	198	(7)
Finite-Difference Solutions	205	(13)
The Matrix Inversion Method	206	(1)
Gauss-Seidel Iteration	207	(6)
Some Precautions	213	(5)
Summary	218	(21)
References	219	(1)
Problems	219	(20)
Transient Conduction	239	(86)
The Lumped Capacitance Method	240	(3)
Validity of the Lumped Capacitance Method	243	(4)
General Lumped Capacitance Analysis	247	(7)
Spatial Effects	254	(2)
The Plane Wall with Convection	256	(4)
Exact Solution	256	(1)
Approximate Solution	257	(1)
Total Energy Transfer	258	(1)
Additional Considerations	259	(1)
Radial Systems with Convection	260	(8)
Exact Solutions	260	(1)
Approximate Solutions	261	(1)
Total Energy Transfer	261	(1)
Additional Considerations	262	(6)
The Semi-Infinite Solid	268	(6)
Multidimensional Effects	274	(6)
Finite-Difference Methods	280	(16)
Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Explicit Method	280	(8)
Discretization of the Heat Equation: The Implicit Method	288	(8)
Summary	296	(29)
References	297	(1)
Problems	297	(28)
Introduction to Convection	325	(38)
The Convection Transfer Problem	326	(3)
The Convection Boundary Layers	329	(2)
The Velocity Boundary Layer	330	(1)
Significance of the Boundary Layers	330	(1)
Laminar and Turbulent Flow	331	(1)
The Boundary Layer Equations	332	(8)
The Convection Transfer Equations	333	(5)
The Boundary Layer Approximations	338	(2)
Boundary Layer Similarity: The Normalized Boundary Layer Equations	340	(6)
Boundary Layer Similarity Parameters	340	(2)
Functional Form of the Solutions	342	(4)
Physical Significance of the Dimensionaless Parameters	346	(2)
Momentum and Heat Transfer (Reynolds) Analogy	348	(2)
The Effects of Turbulence	350	(3)
The Convection Coefficients	353	(1)
Summary	353	(10)
References	354	(1)
Problems	354	(9)
External Flow	363	(70)
The Empirical Method	365	(1)
The Flat Plate in Parallel Flow	366	(10)
Laminar Flow: A Similarity Solution	367	(5)
Turbulent Flow	372	(1)
Mixed Boundary Layer Conditions	372	(2)
Special Cases	374	(2)
Methodology for a Convection Calculation	376	(5)
The Cylinder in Cross Flow	381	(8)
Flow Considerations	381	(2)
Convection Heat Transfer	383	(6)
The Sphere	389	(3)
Flow Across Banks of Tubes	392	(10)
Impinging Jets	402	(6)
Hydrodynamic and Geometric Considerations	402	(2)
Convection Heat Transfer	404	(4)
Packed Beds	408	(1)
Summary	408	(25)
References	411	(1)
Problems	411	(22)
Internal Flow	433	(62)
Hydrodynamic Considerations	434	(6)
Flow Conditions	434	(1)
The Mean Velocity	435	(1)
Velocity Profile in the Fully Developed Region	436	(2)
Pressure Gradient and Friction Factor in Fully Developed Flow	438	(2)
Thermal Considerations	440	(5)
The Mean Temperature	440	(1)
Newton's Law of Cooling	441	(1)
Fully Developed Conditions	441	(4)
The Energy Balance	445	(8)
General Considerations	445	(1)
Constant Surface Heat Flux	446	(3)
Constant Surface Temperature	449	(4)
Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes: Thermal Analysis and Convection Correlations	453	(6)
The Fully Developed Region	453	(4)
The Entry Region	457	(2)
Convection Correlations: Turbulent Flow in Circular Tubes	459	(4)
Convection Correlations: Noncircular Tubes	463	(5)
The Concentric Tube Annulus	468	(2)
Heat Transfer Enhancement	470	(2)
Summary	472	(23)
References	474	(1)
Problems	475	(20)
Free Convection	495	(60)
Physical Considerations	496	(3)
The Governing Equations	499	(2)
Similarity Considerations	501	(1)
Laminar Free Convection on a Vertical Surface	502	(3)
The Effects of Turbulence	505	(2)
Empirical Correlations: External Free Convection Flows	507	(13)
The Vertical Plate	507	(4)
Inclined and Horizontal Plates	511	(5)
The Long Horizontal Cylinder	516	(3)
Spheres	519	(1)
Free Convection within Parallel Plate Channels	520	(4)
Vertical Channels	521	(2)
Inclined Channels	523	(1)
Empirical Correlations: Enclosures	524	(6)
Rectangular Cavities	524	(3)
Concentric Cylinders	527	(1)
Concentric Spheres	528	(2)
Combined Free and Forced Convection	530	(1)
Summary	531	(24)
References	532	(2)
Problems	534	(21)
Boiling and Condensation	555	(50)
Dimensionless Parameters in Boiling and Condensation	556	(1)
Boiling Modes	557	(1)
Pool Boiling	558	(5)
The Boiling Curve	558	(2)
Modes of Pool Boiling	560	(3)
Pool Boiling Correlations	563	(9)
Nucleate Pool Boiling	563	(2)
Critical Heat Flux for Nucleate Pool Boiling	565	(1)
Minimum Heat Flux	565	(1)
Film Pool Boiling	566	(1)
Parametric Effects on Pool Boiling	567	(5)
Forced Convection Boiling	572	(2)
External Forced-Convection Boiling	572	(1)
Two-Phase Flow	573	(1)
Condensation: Physical Mechanisms	574	(3)
Laminar Film Condensation on a Vertical Plate	577	(4)
Turbulent Film Condensation	581	(4)
Film Condensation on Radial Systems	585	(3)
Film Condensation in Horizontal Tubes	588	(1)
Dropwise Condensation	589	(1)
Summary	590	(15)
References	591	(1)
Problems	592	(13)
Heat Exchangers	605	(56)
Heat Exchanger Types	606	(3)
The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient	609	(2)
Heat Exchanger Analysis: Use of the Log Mean Temperature Difference	611	(12)
The Parallel-Flow Heat Exchanger	613	(2)
The Counterflow Heat Exchanger	615	(1)
Special Operating Conditions	616	(1)
Multipass and Cross-Flow Heat Exchangers	617	(6)
Heat Exchanger Analysis: The Effectiveness--NTU Method	623	(9)
Definitions	624	(1)
Effectiveness--NTU Relations	625	(7)
Methodology of a Heat Exchanger Calculation	632	(5)
Compact Heat Exchangers	637	(6)
Summary	643	(18)
References	644	(1)
Problems	645	(16)
Radiation: Processes and Properties	661	(86)
Fundamental Concepts	662	(3)
Radiation Intensity	665	(9)
Definitions	665	(3)
Relation to Emission	668	(3)
Relation to Irradiation	671	(2)
Relation to Radiosity	673	(1)
Blackbody Radiation	674	(8)
The Planck Distribution	675	(1)
Wien's Displacement Law	676	(1)
The Stefan-Boltzmann Law	676	(1)
Band Emission	677	(5)
Surface Emission	682	(8)
Surface Absorption, Reflection, and Transmission	690	(9)
Absorptivity	691	(2)
Reflectivity	693	(1)
Transmissivity	694	(1)
Special Considerations	694	(5)
Kirchhoff's Law	699	(2)
The Gray Surface	701	(7)
Environmental Radiation	708	(5)
Summary	713	(34)
References	716	(1)
Problems	717	(30)
Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces	747	(70)
The View Factor	748	(10)
The View Factor Integral	748	(1)
View Factor Relations	749	(9)
Blackbody Radiation Exchange	758	(2)
Radiation Exchange Between Diffuse, Gray Surfaces in an Enclosure	760	(15)
Net Radiation Exchange at a Surface	761	(1)
Radiation Exchange Between Surfaces	762	(5)
The Two-Surface Enclosure	767	(1)
Radiation Shields	768	(3)
The Reradiating Surface	771	(4)
Multimode Heat Transfer	775	(3)
Additional Effects	778	(6)
Volumetric Absorption	779	(1)
Gaseous Emission and Absorption	780	(4)
Summary	784	(33)
References	785	(1)
Problems	786	(31)
Appendix A Thermophysical Properties of Matter	817	(28)
Appendix B Mathematical Relations and Functions	845	(6)
Appendix C Thermal Conditions Associated with Uniform Energy Generation in One-Dimensional, Steady-State Systems	851	(8)
Appendix D Graphical Representation of One-Dimensional, Transient Conduction in the Plane Wall, Long Cylinder, and Sphere	859	(6)
Appendix E The Convection Transfer Equations	865	(10)
E.1 Conservation of Mass	866	(1)
E.2 Newton's Second Law of Motion	867	(3)
E.3 Conservation of Energy	870	(5)
Appendix F An Integral Laminar Boundary Layer Solution for Parallel Flow Over a Flat Plate	875	(6)
Index	881