Introduction to Hydrogen Technology

by Press, Roman J.; Santhanam, K. S. V.; Miri, Massoud J.; Bailey, Alla V.; Takacs, Gerald A.

• ISBN13: 9780471779858
• ISBN10: 0471779857
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-11-10
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

Introduction to Hydrogen Technology explains the basic chemistry that underlies promising, innovative new technologies such as hydrogen fuel cells. Incorporating information on the latest developments and current research on alternative energy sources, this book: Covers chemistry fundamentals relating to hydrogen technology, including reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium, acid-base chemistry, thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, electrochemistry, organic reactions involving hydrogen, polymer chemistry, photochemistry, and plasma chemistry Discusses various types of hydrogen fuel cells and diverse fuel cell applications Addresses the production techniques and the infrastructure necessary to support hydrogen-based energy sources This is a hands-on resource for scientists and researchers working with hydrogen-based technologies and an excellent reference for students in engineering, science, environmental science, and applied science and technology. This book also will be useful for the general public interested in sustainable energy.

Author Biography

The authors of this book are members of the Rochester Institute of Technology Renewable Energy Enterprise (RITree). It is their hope that this book will spur new developments in hydrogen-based energy sources for today's world—and tomorrow's. ROMAN J. PRESS is a former distinguished researcher at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), where his work involved hydrogen applications and the use of renewable energy. He holds twenty-six patents and has authored numerous publications. His industrial experience includes work at General Motors, Delphi, and Quantum Technologies. K. S. V. SANTHANAM is a Professor in RIT's Department of Chemistry and the Director of the Center for Materials Science and Engineering, a member of RIT's Task Force on Nanotechnology, and an affiliated faculty member of the Golisano Institute for Sustainability. He is an elected corresponding member of Sachsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, and a member of the American Chemical Society, Materials Research Society, and the Electrochemical Society. MASSOUD J. MIRI is a Professor in the Department of Chemistry and the Center for Materials Science and Engineering at RIT. He is a member of the American Chemical Society (including its Division of Polymer Chemistry, POLYED Committee, and Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering), and a member of the Sigma Xi Research Society. ALLA V. BAILEY is a faculty member in the Department of Chemistry at RIT; formerly the principal researcher at Plastpolymer company in St. Petersburg, Russia. She holds forty patents, has authored numerous scientific publications, including three books, and holds the highest scientific degree in Europe, D.Sci. GERALD A. TAKACS is Professor of Chemistry, a member of the materials science and engineering graduate faculty, an extended faculty member in microsystems engineering, and an affiliated faculty member of the Golisano Institute for Sustainability.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Available Energy Resources	p. 1
Civilization and the Search for Sustainable Energy	p. 1
The Planet's Energy Resources and Energy Consumption	p. 4
The Greenhouse Effect and Its Influence on Quality of Life and the Ecosphere	p. 6
Nonrenewable Energy Resources	p. 10
Renewable Energy Sources	p. 18
Energy Storage	p. 34
Energy Ethics	p. 36
Chemistry Background	p. 39
Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium	p. 39
Acid-Base Chemistry	p. 46
Chemical Thermodynamics	p. 57
Chemical Kinetics	p. 74
Electrochemistry (Oxidation-Reduction Reactions)	p. 95
Organic Chemistry	p. 99
Polymer Chemistry	p. 125
Photochemistry	p. 150
Plasma Chemistry	p. 162
Hydrogen Properties	p. 173
Occurrence of Hydrogen, Properties and Use	p. 173
Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier	p. 181
Hydrogen Storage	p. 183
Hydrogen Technology	p. 195
Production of Hydrogen	p. 195
Hydrogen Infrastructure	p. 210
Hydrogen Safety	p. 214
Hydrogen Technology Assessment	p. 217
Fuel Cell Essentials	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
Definition of Fuel	p. 227
What Is a Fuel Value?	p. 227
Why Do We Want to Use Hydrogen as Fuel?	p. 228
Classification of Fuel Cells	p. 229
Open Circuit Voltages of Fuel Cells	p. 230
Thermodynamic Estimate of Fuel Cell Voltage	p. 235
Efficiency of a Fuel Cell	p. 237
Efficiency and Temperature	p. 238
Influence of Electrode Material on Current Output	p. 238
Pressure Dependence of Fuel Cell Voltage	p. 239
Thermodynamic Prediction of Heat Generated in a Fuel Cell	p. 243
Fuel Cell Management	p. 244
Rate of Consumption of Hydrogen and Oxygen	p. 250
Rate of Production of Water	p. 250
Fuel Cross-over Problem	p. 250
Polymer Membranes for PEMFC	p. 251
Parts of PEMFC and Fabrication	p. 255
Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFC)	p. 259
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)	p. 261
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)	p. 265
Flow Chart for Fuel Cell Development	p. 270
Relative Merits of Fuel Cells	p. 272
Fuel Cells for Special Applications	p. 273
Fuel Cell Reformers	p. 275
Fuel Cell System Architecture	p. 276
Redox Reactions in DMFC	p. 285
Fuel Cells Applications	p. 287
Stationary Power Production	p. 287
Fuel Cell Transportation	p. 288
Micro-power Systems	p. 294
Mobile and Residential Power Systems	p. 296
Fuel Cells for Space and Military Applications	p. 296
Conclusion	p. 297
Index	p. 299
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