Introduction to Information Optics

by Yu; Jutamulia; Yin

• ISBN13: 9780127748115
• ISBN10: 0127748113
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-09-04
• Publisher: Elsevier Science

Summary

While there are books treating individual topics contained in this book, this will be the first single volume providing a cohesive treatment on this subject as a whole. This goes beyond optical communications in that it includes related topics such as sensing, displays, computing, and data storage.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Entropy Information and Optics	p. 1
Information Transmission	p. 2
Entropy Information	p. 4
Communication Channel	p. 9
Memoryless Discrete Channel	p. 10
Continuous Channel	p. 11
Band-limited Analysis	p. 19
Degrees of Freedom	p. 23
Gabor's Information Cell	p. 25
Signal Analysis	p. 26
Signal Detection	p. 28
Statistical Signal Detection	p. 29
Signal Recovering	p. 32
Signal Ambiguity	p. 34
Wigner Distribution	p. 39
Trading Information with Entropy	p. 41
Demon Exorcist	p. 42
Minimum Cost of Entropy	p. 45
Accuracy and Reliability Observation	p. 47
Uncertainty Observation	p. 51
Quantum Mechanical Channel	p. 54
Capacity of a Photon Channel	p. 56
References	p. 60
Exercises	p. 60
Signal Processing with Optics	p. 67
Coherence Theory of Light	p. 67
Processing under Coherent and Incoherent Illumination	p. 72
Fresnel-Kirchhoff and Fourier Transformation	p. 76
Free Space Impulse Response	p. 76
Fourier Transformation by Lenses	p. 77
Fourier Transform Processing	p. 79
Fourier Domain Filter	p. 79
Spatial Domain Filter	p. 82
Processing with Fourier Domain Filters	p. 83
Processing with Joint Transformation	p. 85
Hybrid Optical Processing	p. 88
Image Processing with Optics	p. 89
Correlation Detection	p. 89
Image Restoration	p. 93
Image Subtraction	p. 98
Broadband Signal Processing	p. 98
Algorithms for Processing	p. 103
Mellin-Transform Processing	p. 104
Circular Harmonic Processing	p. 105
Homomorphic Processing	p. 107
Synthetic Discriminant Algorithm	p. 108
Simulated Annealing Algorithm	p. 112
Processing with Photorefractive Optics	p. 115
Photorefractive Effect and Materials	p. 115
Wave Mixing and Multiplexing	p. 118
Bragg Diffraction Limitation	p. 121
Angular and Wavelength Selectivities	p. 122
Shift-Invariant Limited Correlators	p. 125
Processing with Incoherent Light	p. 131
Exploitation of Coherence	p. 131
Signal Processing with White Light	p. 135
Color Image Preservation and Pseudocoloring	p. 138
Processing with Neural Networks	p. 141
Optical Neural Networks	p. 142
Holpfield Model	p. 143
Inpattern Association Model	p. 144
References	p. 147
Exercises	p. 148
Communication with Optics	p. 163
Motivation of Fiber-Optic Communication	p. 163
Light Propagation in Optical Fibers	p. 164
Geometric Optics Approach	p. 164
Wave-Optics Approach	p. 164
Other Issues Related to Light Propagating in Optical Fiber	p. 168
Critical Components	p. 184
Optical Transmitters for Fiber-Optic Communications--Semiconductor Lasers	p. 184
Optical Receivers for Fiber-Optic Communications	p. 188
Other Components Used in Fiber-Optic Communications	p. 192
Fiber-Optic Networks	p. 192
Types of Fiber-Optic Networks Classified by Physical Size	p. 193
Physical Topologies and Routing Topologies Relevant to Fiber-Optic Networks	p. 193
Wavelength Division Multiplexed Optics Networks	p. 193
Testing Fiber-Optic Networks	p. 195
References	p. 198
Exercises	p. 198
Switching with Optics	p. 201
Figures of Merits for an Optical Switch	p. 202
All-Optical Switches	p. 203
Optical Nonlinearity	p. 205
Etalon Switching Devices	p. 205
Nonlinear Directional Coupler	p. 208
Nonlinear Interferometric Switches	p. 211
Fast Electro-optic Switches: Modulators	p. 219
Direct Modulation of Semiconductor Lasers	p. 220
External Electro-optic Modulators	p. 225
MEMS Switches Without Moving Parts	p. 236
Optical Switching Based on MEMS	p. 236
MEMS Fabrications	p. 237
Electrostatic Actuators	p. 238
MEMS Optical Switches	p. 242
Summary	p. 247
References	p. 248
Exercises	p. 250
Transformation with Optics	p. 255
Huygens-Fresnel Diffraction	p. 256
Fresnel Transform	p. 257
Definition	p. 257
Optical Fresnel Transform	p. 257
Fourier Transform	p. 259
Wavelet Transform	p. 260
Wavelets	p. 260
Time-frequency Joint Representation	p. 261
Properties of Wavelets	p. 262
Physical Wavelet Transform	p. 264
Electromagnetic Wavelet	p. 264
Electromagnetic Wavelet Transform	p. 266
Electromagnetic Wavelet Transform and Huygens Diffraction	p. 260
Wigner Distribution Function	p. 270
Definition	p. 270
Inverse Transform	p. 271
Geometrical Optics Interpretation	p. 271
Wigner Distribution Optics	p. 272
Fractional Fourier Transform	p. 275
Definition	p. 275
Fractional Fourier Tranform and Fresnel Diffraction	p. 277
Hankel Transform	p. 279
Fourier Transform in Polar Coordinate System	p. 279
Hankel Transform	p. 281
Radon Transform	p. 282
Definition	p. 282
Image Reconstruction	p. 283
Geometric Transform	p. 284
Basic Geometric Transformations	p. 288
Generalized Geometric Transformation	p. 288
Optical Implementation	p. 289
Hough Transform	p. 292
Definition	p. 292
Optical Hough Transform	p. 293
References	p. 294
Exercises	p. 295
Interconnection with Optics	p. 299
Introduction	p. 299
Polymer Waveguides	p. 303
Polymeric Materials for Waveguide Fabrication	p. 303
Fabrication of Low-Loss Polymeric Waveguides	p. 305
Waveguide Loss Measurement	p. 310
Thin-Film Waveguide Couplers	p. 312
Surface-Normal Grating Coupler Design and Fabrication	p. 312
45[degree] Surface-Normal Micromirror Couplers	p. 326
Integration of Thin-Film Photodetectors	p. 331
Integration of Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs)	p. 334
Optical Clock Signal Distribution	p. 339
Polymer Waveguide-Based Optical Bus Structure	p. 343
Optical Equivalent for Electronic Bus Logic Design	p. 345
Summary	p. 348
References	p. 349
Exercises	p. 351
Pattern Recognition with Optics	p. 355
Basic Architectures	p. 356
Correlators	p. 356
Neural Networks	p. 357
Hybrid Optical Architectures	p. 357
Robustness of JTC	p. 362
Recognition by Correlation Detections	p. 364
Nonconventional Joint-Transform Detection	p. 364
Nonzero-order Joint-Transform Detection	p. 368
Position-Encoding Joint-Transform Detection	p. 370
Phase-Representation Joint-Transform Detection	p. 371
Iterative Joint-Transform Detection	p. 372
Polychromatic Pattern Recognition	p. 375
Detection with Temporal Fourier-Domain Filters	p. 376
Detection with Spatial-Domain Filters	p. 377
Target Tracking	p. 380
Autonomous Tracking	p. 380
Data Association Tracking	p. 382
Pattern Recognition Using Composite Filtering	p. 387
Performance Capacity	p. 388
Quantization Performance	p. 390
Pattern Classification	p. 394
Nearest Neighbor Classifiers	p. 395
Optical Implementation	p. 398
Pattern Recognition with Photorefractive Optics	p. 401
Detection by Phase Conjugation	p. 401
Wavelength-Multiplexed Matched Filtering	p. 404
Wavelet Matched Filtering	p. 407
Neural Pattern Recognition	p. 411
Recognition by Supervised Learning	p. 412
Recognition by Unsupervised Learning	p. 414
Polychromatic Neural Networks	p. 418
References	p. 422
Exercises	p. 423
Information Storage with Optics	p. 435
Digital Information Storage	p. 435
Upper Limit of Optical Storage Density	p. 436
Optical Storage Media	p. 438
Photographic Film	p. 438
Dichromated Gelatin	p. 439
Photopolymers	p. 439
Photoresists	p. 440
Thermoplastic Film	p. 440
Photorefractive Materials	p. 441
Photochromic Materials	p. 442
Electron-Trapping Materials	p. 442
Two Photon-Absorption Materials	p. 443
Bacteriorhodospin	p. 444
Photochemical Hole Burning	p. 444
Magneto-optic Materials	p. 445
Phase-Change Materials	p. 446
Bit-Pattern Optical Storage	p. 446
Optical Tape	p. 447
Optical Disk	p. 447
Multilayer Optical Disk	p. 448
Photon-Gating 3-D Optical Storage	p. 449
Stacked-Layer 3-D Optical Storage	p. 451
Photochemical Hole-Burning 3-D Storage	p. 454
Holographic Optical Storage	p. 454
Principle of Holography	p. 455
Plane Holographic Storage	p. 456
Stacked Holograms for 3-D Optical Storage	p. 458
Volume Holographic 3-D Optical Storage	p. 460
Near Field Optical Storage	p. 461
Concluding Remarks	p. 461
References	p. 465
Exercises	p. 468
Computing with Optics	p. 475
Introduction	p. 476
Parallel Optical Logic and Architectures	p. 477
Optical Logic	p. 477
Space-Variant Optical Logic	p. 481
Programmable Logic Array	p. 481
Parallel Array Logic	p. 485
Symbolic Substitution	p. 486
Content-Addressable Memory	p. 488
Number Systems and Basic Operations	p. 489
Operations with Binary Number Systems	p. 489
Operations with Nonbinary Number Systems	p. 499
Parallel Signed-Digit Arithmetic	p. 501
Generalized Signed-Digit Number Systems	p. 501
MSD Arithmetic	p. 503
TSD Arithmetic	p. 530
QSD Arithmetic	p. 534
Conversion between Different Number Systems	p. 543
Conversion between Signed-Digit and Complement Number Systems	p. 544
Conversion between NSD and Negabinary Number Systems	p. 546
Optical Implementation	p. 549
Symbolic Substitution Implemented by Matrix-Vector Operation	p. 549
SCAM-Based Incoherent Correlator for QSD Addition	p. 551
Optical Logic Array Processor for Parallel NSD Arithmetic	p. 558
Summary	p. 560
References	p. 562
Exercises	p. 569
Sensing with Optics	p. 571
Introduction	p. 571
A Brief Review of Types of Fiber-Optic Sensors	p. 572
Intensity-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors	p. 572
Polarization-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors	p. 575
Phase-Based Fiber Optic Sensors	p. 583
Frequency (or Wavelength)-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors	p. 587
Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensors	p. 589
Intrinsic Distributed Fiber-optic Sensors	p. 589
Quasi-distributed Fiber-optic Sensors	p. 600
Summary	p. 612
References	p. 613
Exercises	p. 615
Information Display with Optics	p. 617
Introduction	p. 617
Information Display Using Acousto-optic Spatial Light Modulators	p. 1618
The Acousto-optic Effect	p. 618
Intensity Modulation of Laser	p. 625
Deflection of Laser	p. 628
Laser TV Display Using Acousto-optic Devices	p. 629
3-D Holographic Display	p. 632
Principles of Holography	p. 632
Optical Scanning Holography	p. 638
Synthetic Aperture Holography	p. 640
Information Display Using Electro-optic Spatial Light Modulators	p. 643
The Electro-optic Effect	p. 643
Electrically Addressed Spatial Light Modulators	p. 647
Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulators	p. 650
Concluding Remarks	p. 661
References	p. 661
Exercises	p. 664
Networking with Optics	p. 667
Background	p. 667
Optical Network Elements	p. 671
Optical Fibers	p. 671
Optical Amplifiers	p. 673
Wavelength Division Multiplexer/Demultiplexer	p. 678
Transponder	p. 687
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer	p. 689
Optical Cross-Connect	p. 691
Optical Monitoring	p. 694
Design of Optical Transport Network	p. 696
Optical Fiber Dispersion Limit	p. 696
Optical Fiber Nonlinearity Limit	p. 697
System Design Examples	p. 701
Applications and Future Development of Optical Networks	p. 704
Long-haul Backbone Networks	p. 704
Metropolitan and Access Networks	p. 709
Future Development	p. 711
References	p. 714
Exercises	p. 715
Index	p. 719
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.