Introduction to International Disaster Management

by Coppola

• ISBN13: 9780750679824
• ISBN10: 0750679824
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-10-19
• Publisher: Elsevier Science
• More Book Details
• Purchase Benefits

Summary

Written from a global perspective on risk, hazards, and disasters, Introduction to International Disaster Management provides practitioners, educators and students with a comprehensive overview of the players, processes and special issues involved in the management of large-scale natural and technological disasters. The book discusses special issues encountered in the management of international disasters, and explains the various private, non-governmental, national, and international agencies that assist in preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery during national and regional events. Concentrating on the four major phases of emergency management - mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery - Introduction to International Disaster Management deals with such timely topics as Hurricane Katrina, the 2004 Asian tsunami, and SARS. It also serves as a reference to governmental and other agencies involved in international disaster management activities. This book is the first of its kind to take a global approach to the topic of international disaster management. * Serves as the first comprehensive resource dealing with the issues of international disaster management * Contains numerous case studies, examples of Best Practices in international disaster management, and a contact list of the governmental and nongovernmental agencies involved in international disaster management * Provides a global perspective on risk, hazards, and disasters that is written both for students within disaster management programs and for professionals entering the field

Table of Contents

Foreword	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Introduction	p. xvii
Acronyms	p. xix
The Management of Disasters
Introduction	p. 1
Disasters Throughout History	p. 1
The History of Disaster Management	p. 2
Ancient History	p. 2
Modern Roots	p. 3
Civil Defense: The Birth of Modern Emergency Management	p. 4
The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction	p. 5
The Yokohama Strategy-Global Recognition of the Need for Disaster Management	p. 6
Modern Disaster Management-A Four-Phase Approach	p. 8
What is International Disaster Management?	p. 9
Disasters, Poverty, and Development	p. 12
Disaster Trends	p. 13
Definitions	p. 24
Conclusion	p. 28
Hazards
Introduction	p. 31
Hazard Identification and Hazard Profiling	p. 31
Hazard Analysis	p. 34
The Hazards	p. 39
Natural Hazards	p. 39
Technological Hazards	p. 80
International, Civil, and Political Hazards	p. 96
Conclusion	p. 110
Risk and Vulnerability
Introduction	p. 113
Two Components of Risk	p. 114
Likelihood	p. 114
Consequence	p. 116
Trends	p. 119
Computing Likelihood and Consequence Values	p. 120
Depth of Analysis	p. 120
Quantitative Analysis of Disaster Likelihood	p. 121
Quantitative Analysis of Disaster Consequences	p. 124
Historical Data	p. 124
Deaths/Fatalities and Injuries	p. 125
Modeling Techniques	p. 125
Abbreviated Damage Consequence Analysis	p. 125
Full Damage Consequence Analysis	p. 126
Risk Evaluation	p. 130
Risk Acceptability	p. 138
Alternatives	p. 138
Personal	p. 139
Political/Social	p. 139
Economic	p. 139
Vulnerability	p. 146
The Physical Profile	p. 149
The Social Profile	p. 151
The Environmental (Natural) Profile	p. 152
The Economic Profile	p. 154
Risk Factors That Influence Vulnerability	p. 158
Risk Perception	p. 162
Conclusion	p. 172
Mitigation
Introduction	p. 175
What is Mitigation?	p. 175
Mitigation Goals	p. 176
Types of Mitigation: Structural and Nonstructural	p. 178
Structural Mitigation	p. 179
Nonstructural Mitigation	p. 185
Risk Transfer, Sharing, and Spreading	p. 190
Obstacles to Mitigation	p. 200
Assessing and Selecting Mitigation Options	p. 200
Impact of Risk Mitigation Options on Community Risk Reduction	p. 201
Probability That Each Action Will Be Implemented	p. 201
The Staplee Method of Assessing Mitigation Options	p. 202
Emergency Response Capacity as a Risk Mitigation Measure	p. 205
Incorporating Mitigation Into Development and Relief Projects	p. 205
Conclusion	p. 207
Preparedness
Introduction	p. 209
Overview of Disaster Preparedness	p. 209
Government Preparedness	p. 210
Planning	p. 210
Exercise	p. 216
Training	p. 217
Equipment	p. 218
Statutory Authority	p. 220
Public Preparedness	p. 222
Public Education	p. 222
The Media as a Public Educator	p. 231
Obstacles to Effective Public Education and Preparedness	p. 233
Literacy and Education	p. 233
Language	p. 234
Access to Technology and the Media	p. 235
Class Structure	p. 235
Poverty, or the Effects of Poverty	p. 236
Cultural Understanding	p. 237
Lack of Government Sponsorship	p. 237
Conflicting Interests of "Big Business"	p. 238
Hostile or Restrictive Governments	p. 239
Conclusion	p. 240
Response
Introduction	p. 251
What is Response?	p. 251
Response-the Emergency	p. 252
Recognition-Predisaster Actions	p. 252
Recognition-Postdisaster	p. 254
Search and Rescue	p. 255
First Aid Medical Treatment	p. 256
Evacuation	p. 257
Disaster Assessments	p. 258
Treating the Hazard	p. 261
Provision of Water, Food, and Shelter	p. 261
Health	p. 270
Sanitation	p. 271
Safety and Security	p. 275
Critical Infrastructure Resumption	p. 276
Emergency Social Services	p. 277
Donations Management	p. 278
Coordination	p. 279
The Incident Command System	p. 280
The Disaster Declaration Process	p. 282
Conclusion	p. 283
Recovery
Introduction	p. 299
Overview of Recovery	p. 299
The Effects of Disasters on Society	p. 300
Predisaster Recovery Actions	p. 301
Short- and Long-Term Recovery	p. 302
Components of Recovery-What is Needed, and Where Does It Come From?	p. 302
Planning	p. 302
Coordination	p. 304
Information-The Damage Assessment	p. 305
Money and Supplies	p. 306
Types of Recovery	p. 315
Public Assistance	p. 315
The Housing Sector	p. 316
Economic Recovery	p. 317
Individual, Family, and Social Recovery	p. 318
Special Considerations in Recovery	p. 322
Resisting the Urge to Return to "Normal"	p. 322
Recognizing That Recovery Is an Opportunity in Disguise	p. 323
Ensuring Equity in Recovery	p. 325
Moving the Whole Community	p. 333
Conclusion	p. 334
Participants: Governmental Disaster Management Agencies
Introduction	p. 337
Governmental Emergency Management Structures	p. 338
Emergency Management Participants	p. 338
Fire Departments	p. 338
Law Enforcement	p. 340
Emergency Management (Civil Protection)	p. 341
Emergency Medical Services	p. 341
The Military	p. 342
Other Resources	p. 344
Organizational Structures	p. 347
Locally Based Structures	p. 350
Regionally Based Structures	p. 351
Nationally Based Structures	p. 352
No Capacity or No Recognized Government Exists	p. 353
Bilateral Disaster Management Assistance	p. 356
How Governments Provide Assistance	p. 362
Types of Bilateral Assistance	p. 362
Monetary Assistance	p. 362
Equipment/Supplies	p. 364
Expertise	p. 364
Types of National Government Agencies Involved in International Disaster Management	p. 365
Overseas Diplomatic Missions (Embassies and Consulates)	p. 365
International Development Agencies	p. 367
National Disaster Management Agencies	p. 368
Other Government Agencies Involved in International Disaster Management	p. 368
Military Resources	p. 371
Conclusion	p. 377
Participants: Nongovernmental Organizations (Including the Private Sector and Academia)
Introduction	p. 387
Who are the NGOs?	p. 388
What Do They Do?	p. 390
NGO Operations	p. 392
Funding	p. 392
Coordination	p. 393
NGO/Military Cooperation	p. 397
Standards of Conduct	p. 398
The Role of the Private Sector	p. 404
The Role of Academia	p. 406
Conclusion	p. 407
Participants: Multilateral Organizations and International Financial Institutions
Introduction	p. 451
The United Nations	p. 452
Background	p. 452
UN Role in Disaster Management	p. 454
UN Agencies and Programs	p. 464
The World Food Programme (WFP)	p. 473
The Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP)	p. 485
Other UN Agencies Involved in Disaster Response	p. 489
The UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)	p. 495
Regional International Organizations	p. 500
International Financial Institutions	p. 507
Conclusion	p. 516
Special Considerations
Introduction	p. 525
Coordination	p. 527
The Media	p. 527
Institutional Capacity Development	p. 529
Political Will	p. 529
Compound Emergencies	p. 530
Donor Fatigue	p. 530
Corruption	p. 531
State Sovereignty	p. 531
Equality in Humanitarian Assistance and Relief Distribution	p. 532
Climate Change and the Environmental Impact of Disasters	p. 534
Early Warning	p. 534
Linking Risk Reduction and Development	p. 535
Terrorism	p. 535
Global Disasters: SARS, Avian Influenza, and other Emerging Epidemics	p. 536
Conclusion	p. 537
Index	p. 539
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