Introduction to Latin

Introduction to Latin, Revised First Edition is a complete introductory Latin text specifically designed for college level courses taught for three hours credit over a two semester period.. It covers all aspects of Latin grammar in a familiar pedagogical flow, with English grammar explained as needed, providing students with an in text reference point for new Latin material. Real Latin readings occur throughout the text, early and often, in the form of sentences and short passages. They are unconnected, providing the instructor the option of covering them as time and need allows. This text also includes a variety of exercises provide different approaches to mastery of the language, especially in the early chapters. The text is designed as a streamlined and uncluttered approach to Latin and grammar, providing a complete course, but without the nuance of more advanced explanations that hinder the first year student's mastery of the material. Also available are online drills [like flashcards], online guided exercises [more sophisticated than drills], and crossword puzzles.

Dr. Susan C. Shelmerdine is professor and head of the department of Classical Studies at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. She earned her PhD at the University of Michigan. Her research interests include Archaic Greek literature, Homer, Mythology, Ancient Religion, and Greek and Latin pedagogy.

Introduction to Latin Preface ix Map of Italy xii The Latin Alphabet and Pronunciation 1 Chapter One 5 Introduction to the Sentence Parts of Speech What Different Words Do Sentence Patterns: Intransitive, Transitive The Verb First and Second Conjugations Present Active Indicative and Infinitive Principal Parts Indicative Uses: Statements, Questions Infinitive Use: Complementary Infinitive Chapter Two 13 Latin Cases Nominative and Accusative Case Uses The Noun First and Second Declensions Gender Dictionary Entry The Conjunction A Note on Reading Latin: Using Expectations Chapter Three 21 Genitive Case Uses: Possession, Part of the Whole Dative Case Uses: Indirect Object, Reference Expectations Sentence Pattern: Intransitive Verbs used with a Dative Chapter Four 27 The Adverb; Adverbial Modification Ablative Case Use: Means/Instrument The Preposition: Uses with the Accusative and Ablative Expressions of Place Word Order Chapter Five 33 The Adjective: First and Second Declensions Agreement The Gap Present Indicative and Infinitive of sum Sentence Pattern: Linking More Uses of the Ablative: Accompaniment Manner Reading Chapter I 41 Map of Troy and the Aegean 42 Chapter Six 45 Imperfect and Future Active Indicative First and Second Conjugations Commands First and Second Conjugation Imperatives Vocative Case First and Second Declensions Chapter Seven 51 Third Declension Nouns Imperfect and Future of sum Dative of Possession i-Stem Noun Reference Section Chapter Eight 59 Perfect Active Indicative and Infinitive First and Second Conjugations Historic Present Forms of possum Infinitive Use: As a Noun Chapter Nine 65 Third Conjugation Present Active Indicative and Infinitive Present Active Imperative The Pronoun: Part 1 Personal pronouns: ego, tu Chapter Ten 71 The Pronoun: Part 2 Demonstrative pronouns: is, ea, id; hic, haec, hoc; ille, illa, illud Special Adjectives in -ius Sentence Pattern: Factitive Reading Chapter II 79 Chapter Eleven 83 Third Conjugation: Imperfect and Future Active Indicative Numerals Expressions of Cause Chapter Twelve 89 Third Declension Adjectives Expressions of Time Chapter Thirteen 95 Fourth Conjugation: Present Active Indicative and Infinitive Present Active Imperative The Pronoun: Part 3 Interrogative pronouns Reflexive pronouns Possessive Adjectives and Possession Using eius Ablative of Specification / Respect Map of Caesar\u2019s Gaul 100 Chapter Fourteen 103 Fourth Conjugation: Imperfect and Future Active Indicative Accusative of Degree and Extent Chapter Fifteen 109 Third and Fourth Conjugations Perfect Active Indicative Pluperfect and Future Perfect Active Indicative (All conjugations) Perfect Active Infinitives (All conjugations) Chapter Sixteen 115 Fourth Declension Fifth Declension Locative Case Reading Chapter III 123 Chapter Seventeen 127 Present, Imperfect, and Future Passive Indicative (All conjugations) Present Passive Indicative Sentence Pattern: Passive Ablative of Agent Chapter Eighteen 137 Dependent Clauses (1) - Adverbial Time, Cause, Condition, Place Dative with Adjectives Chapter Nineteen 143 The Pronoun: Part 4 Relative Pronouns Dependent Clauses (2) Adjectival Noun Chapter Twenty 151 Perfect, Pluperfect, and Future Perfect Passive Indicative (All conjugations) Perfect Passive Indicative (All conjugations) Paradigm of vis, vis, f. Reading Chapter IV 157 Chapter Twenty-One 161 Irregular verbs: volo, nolo, malo Negative Commands with nolo Infinitive Noun Clauses (1): Objective Infinitive Chapter Twenty-Two 167 Review of Infinitive Forms Future Infinitives (Active and Passive) Infinitive Noun Clauses (2): Indirect Statement Tenses of the Infinitive in Indirect Statement Chapter Twenty-Three 175 Intensive Pronouns: ipse, idem Indefinite Pronoun: quidam Deponent Verbs; Semi-Deponent Verbs Special Intransitive Sentence Pattern: Verbs used with an Ablative Chapter Twenty-Four 183 Participles Participle Uses Ablative Absolute Chapter Twenty-Five 193 Irregular verbs eo fero Reading Chapter V 201 Chapter Twenty-Six 205 Comparison of Adjectives Comparison of Adverbs Chapter Twenty-Seven 213 Present and Perfect Active Subjunctive Subjunctive of sum Independent Uses of the Subjunctive Exhortation / Command, Wish, Doubt Chapter Twenty-Eight 221 Imperfect and Pluperfect Active Subjunctive Use of Tenses in the Subjunctive Dependent Uses of the Subjunctive (1 - Adverbial Clauses) Purpose, Result, Circumstance, Cause, Concession Chapter Twenty-Nine 233 Passive Subjunctive (all tenses) Dependent Uses of the Subjunctive (2 - Noun Clauses) Indirect Question Indirect Command Noun Result

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CHAPTER 1
Introduction to the Sentence
Parts of Speech
What Different Words Do
Sentence Patterns: Intransitive, Transitive
The Verb: First and Second Conjugations
Present Active Indicative and Infinitive
Principal Parts
Indicative Uses: Statements, Questions
Infinitive Use: Complementary Infinitive

1. The Sentence
A sentence in Latin, as in English, is made up of words which express a complete thought.The simplest form of a sentence includes only a subject and a verb:
The farmer works. They walk.
In order to understand sentences in English, we depend on knowing some rules of word order, for example: subjects come before verbs. Latin, however, uses a system which adds different endings onto certain words to make their function and meaning clear, so you will need to learn those endings before you can read Latin. You will also need to understand the different types of words which make up a sentence and what each of those words does.