An Introduction to Learning and Teaching: Infants through Elementary Age Children

by Nilsen,Barbara A.

• ISBN13: 9780766815391
• ISBN10: 0766815390
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-07-25
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This comprehensive book introduces educators to the exciting world of teaching children from birth through age 12. It guides the user to reflect on the reasons for choosing education as a career path and helps readers formalize their own personal philosophy of education. This book actively engages the reader through exercises, Internet quests, and building a portfolio. The book covers a broad range of topics, including theories, theorists, and historical influences on education and covers a wide variety of settings, including child care, preschool, Head Start, and public and private elementary schools. This is a valuable resource for anyone involved in the education of children from birth through age 12.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Chapter Emphases	xiii
Understanding the Developmental Area and Its Issues	xiii
Understanding Child Development	xiv
Curriculum for the Developmental Domains	xvi
Assessing Learning and Development	xvi
Chapter Features	xvi
Theorists	xvi
Definitions	xvii
Scenarios	xvii
Words of Wisdom	xvii
Review Activities	xviii
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	xviii
Internet Quest	xviii
Reflective Journal	xviii
Related Careers	xix
Uses for This Book	xx
Supplements	xx
Instructor's Manual	xx
Computerized Test Bank	xx
Online Resources™	xxi
Acknowledgments	xxi
The Learning Teacher	1	(45)
Objectives	1	(1)
What Is a Teacher?	2	(3)
The Family as First Teachers	2	(1)
Community Teachers	2	(1)
Professional Teachers	2	(3)
Why Do You Want to Be a Teacher?	5	(8)
I Just Love Kids	5	(1)
It's a Respected Profession	6	(2)
I Want to Make a Difference in Children's Lives	8	(2)
I Want to Because It Pays Well and You Have Summers Off	10	(1)
I've Always Wanted to Be a Teacher	11	(2)
What Does e Teacher Need to Know?	13	(27)
Learning about Yourself	14	(7)
Learning about Children and Families	21	(10)
Learning about Learning and Teaching	31	(9)
Summary	40	(1)
Key Terms	41	(1)
Review Activities	41	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	41	(1)
Internet Quest	41	(1)
Reflective Journal	42	(1)
References	42	(3)
Related Careers	45	(1)
Learning and Teaching with Families-Home/School Relationships	46	(32)
Objectives	46	(1)
Understanding the Partnership with the Family	47	(18)
Who Is the Family?	49	(2)
Contributions and Benefits of the Partners	51	(4)
Partnerships with Families of the Child with Special Needs	55	(2)
Opportunities for Family Involvement	57	(6)
Overcoming Barriers to Home/School Partnerships	63	(2)
Development and Curriculum for Family Partnerships	65	(7)
Infant Development	65	(2)
Toddler Development	67	(1)
Preschool Development	67	(2)
Primary Age Development	69	(1)
Elementary Age Development	70	(2)
Assessment of Home/School Relationships	72	(1)
Summary	73	(1)
Key Terms	74	(1)
Review Activities	74	(2)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	74	(1)
Internet Quest	75	(1)
Reflective Journal	75	(1)
References	76	(1)
Related Careers	77	(1)
Learning and Teaching in a System	78	(31)
Objectives	78	(3)
The Power Connection	81	(3)
A Look at Systems	81	(1)
Educational Systems	82	(1)
Institutional Bias	82	(2)
History of Education in the United States	84	(8)
The Beginning of Cross-Generational Learning in North America	84	(1)
A Period of Exclusion	85	(2)
A Period of Conversion	87	(3)
A Period of Inclusion	90	(2)
Educational Systems in the United States	92	(11)
Public Schools	93	(1)
Private Schools	94	(2)
Alternative Schools	96	(1)
Preschool Education	96	(7)
The Future of the Educational System	103	(1)
National Goals and Standards	103	(1)
Accountability	103	(1)
Basic Skills	104	(1)
Summary	104	(1)
Key Terms	105	(1)
Review Activities	105	(2)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	105	(1)
Internet Quest	106	(1)
Reflective Journal	106	(1)
References	107	(1)
Related Careers	108	(1)
The Learning Teacher and the Classroom Environment	109	(45)
Objectives	109	(2)
Understanding the Classroom Environment and Its Effect on Learning	111	(9)
Components of the Environment	112	(3)
Environment and Learning	115	(2)
The Aesthetic Environment	117	(1)
Environments for ALL Children	118	(2)
Safe Environments	120	(9)
Hazard Awareness & Emergency Procedures	121	(3)
Building Safety	124	(2)
Keeping Children Safe from Abuse	126	(1)
The Indoor Environment	127	(1)
The Outdoor Environment	128	(1)
Environments Planned for Safety and Learning	129	(20)
Safe Learning Environments for Infants	130	(4)
Safe Learning Environments for Toddlers	134	(3)
Safe Learning Environments for Preschoolers	137	(5)
Safe Learning Environments for Primary Age Children	142	(5)
Safe Learning Environments for Elementary Age Children	147	(2)
Assessing Environments	149	(1)
Summary	149	(1)
Key Terms	150	(1)
Review Activities	150	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	150	(1)
Internet Quest	150	(1)
Reflective Journal	150	(1)
References	150	(3)
Related Careers	153	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Growing Child-Physical Development and Health	154	(38)
Objectives	154	(1)
Understanding Physical Development's Relationship to Learning	155	(9)
The Nature of Physical Development	155	(3)
The Nurture of Physical Development	158	(6)
Development and Curriculum for the Growing Child	164	(22)
Infant Physical Development and Curriculum	165	(7)
Toddler Physical Development and Curriculum	172	(4)
Preschooler Physical Development and Curriculum	176	(4)
Primary Age Physical Development and Curriculum	180	(4)
Elementary Age Physical Development and Curriculum	184	(2)
Assessing Physical Development and Health	186	(1)
Summary	187	(1)
Key Terms	187	(1)
Review Activities	187	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	187	(1)
Internet Quest	187	(1)
Reflective Journal	188	(1)
References	188	(3)
Related Careers	191	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Thinking Child-Cognitive Development	192	(46)
Objectives	192	(1)
Understanding Cognitive Development in Learning and Teaching	193	(14)
The Nature of Cognitive Development	194	(4)
The Nurture of Cognitive Development	198	(3)
Exceptions in Cognitive Development	201	(6)
Theorists in Cognitive Development	207	(6)
Jean Piaget	207	(5)
Lev Vygotsky	212	(1)
Development and Curriculum for Thinking and Learning	213	(17)
Infants' Thinking and Learning	214	(3)
Toddlers' Thinking and Learning	217	(3)
Preschoolers' Thinking and Learning	220	(4)
Primary Age Children's Thinking and Learning	224	(2)
Elementary Age Children's Thinking and Learning	226	(4)
Assessing Cognitive Development	230	(3)
Assessing Infant and Toddler Cognitive Development	231	(1)
Assessing Primary and Elementary Age Children's Cognitive Development	231	(1)
Standardized Testing	231	(2)
Summary	233	(1)
Key Terms	233	(1)
Review Activities	233	(2)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	233	(2)
Internet Quest	235	(1)
Reflective Journal	235	(1)
References	235	(2)
Related Careers	237	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Speaking Child-Language Development	238	(30)
Objectives	238	(1)
Understanding Language in Learning and Teaching	239	(11)
The Rules of Language	241	(2)
Communication	243	(1)
The Nature of Language Development	244	(1)
The Nurture of Language Development	245	(1)
Language and Literacy	246	(2)
Multilingual Families and Children	248	(2)
Development and Curriculum for Language Development	250	(12)
Prenatal Language Development	250	(2)
Infant Language Development	252	(1)
Toddler Language Development	253	(2)
Preschool Language Development	255	(3)
Primary Age Language Development	258	(2)
Elementary Age Language Development	260	(2)
Language Delays and Assessment of language	262	(1)
Summary	263	(1)
Key Terms	263	(1)
Review Activities	263	(2)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	263	(2)
Internet Quest	265	(1)
Reflective Journal	265	(1)
References	265	(2)
Related Careers	267	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Reading and Writing Child	268	(37)
Objectives	268	(1)
Understanding Literacy	269	(5)
Illiteracy	270	(2)
Status of Literacy in United States Children	272	(1)
Diversity and Literacy	272	(2)
Development of and Curriculum for Literacy	274	(24)
Infant Literacy Development	277	(4)
Toddler Literacy Development	281	(2)
Preschooler Literacy Development	283	(5)
Primary Age Literacy Development	288	(5)
Elementary Age Literacy Development	293	(5)
Assessment of Literacy	298	(3)
Assessment of Literacy Skills	298	(2)
Learning Difficulties in Reading and Writing	300	(1)
Summary	301	(1)
Key Terms	301	(1)
Review Activities	302	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	302	(1)
Internet Quest	302	(1)
Reflective Journal	302	(1)
References	303	(1)
Related Careers	304	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Young Mathematician and Scientist	305	(42)
Objectives	305	(1)
Understanding Learning and Teaching Mathematics, Science, and Technology	306	(6)
The Scientific Method	306	(2)
Mathematics, Science, and Technology in Education Today	308	(3)
Mathematics, Science, and Technology for Every Child	311	(1)
The Development of Mathematical and Scientific Thinking	312	(7)
Theories of Learning and Teaching Mathematics and Science	312	(4)
Technology	316	(1)
Learning Mathematics, Science and Technology-Where and What	317	(2)
Development and Curriculum in Mathematics, Science, and Technology	319	(21)
Infant Mathematics, Science, and Technology: Development and Curriculum	320	(3)
Toddler Mathematics, Science, and Technology: Development and Curriculum	323	(2)
Preschooler Mathematics, Science, and Technology: Development and Curriculum	325	(5)
Primary Age Mathematics, Science, and Technology: Development and Curriculum	330	(7)
Elementary Age Mathematics, Science, and Technology: Development and Curriculum	337	(3)
Assessing Mathematics, Science, and Technology Learning	340	(2)
Summary	342	(1)
Key Terms	342	(1)
Review Activities	342	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	342	(1)
Internet Quest	343	(1)
Reflective Journal	343	(1)
References	343	(3)
Related Careers	346	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Creative Child	347	(41)
Objectives	347	(1)
Understanding Creativity in Learning and Teaching	348	(1)
The Nature of Creativity	349	(5)
What is Creativity?	349	(1)
Creativity's Benefits to the Individual	350	(2)
Origins of Creativity	352	(2)
The Nurture of Creativity	354	(9)
The Family's Role in Creative Development	354	(2)
The Teacher's Role in Creative Development	356	(4)
Play's Role in Creative Development	360	(1)
Inhibitors of Creativity	361	(2)
Creativity and The Arts	363	(1)
Creative Development and the Arts Curriculum	363	(19)
Infant Creative Development and Curriculum	366	(3)
Toddler Creative Development and Curriculum	369	(3)
Preschooler Creative Development and Curriculum	372	(6)
Primary Age Creative Development and Curriculum	378	(2)
Elementary Age Children Creative Development and Curriculum	380	(2)
Assessing Creativity	382	(1)
Summary	383	(1)
Key Terms	383	(1)
Review Activities	383	(2)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	383	(1)
Internet Quest	384	(1)
Reflective Journal	384	(1)
References	385	(2)
Related Careers	387	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Feeling Child-Emotional Development	388	(50)
Objectives	388	(1)
Understanding Emotional Development in Learning and Teaching	389	(22)
The Nature of Emotional Development	391	(6)
The Nurture of Emotional Development	397	(8)
Stress and Self-Control	405	(6)
Development and Curriculum for Emotional Health	411	(18)
Infants and Emotional Health	412	(4)
Toddlers and Emotional Health	416	(4)
Preschoolers and Emotional Health	420	(4)
Primary Age Children and Emotional Health	424	(2)
Elementary Age Children and Emotional Health	426	(3)
Assessing Emotional Development	429	(2)
Biological and Emotional Disorders	430	(1)
Summary	431	(1)
Key Terms	432	(1)
Review Activities	432	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	432	(1)
Internet Quest	433	(1)
Reflective Journal	433	(1)
References	433	(4)
Related Careers	437	(1)
Learning about and Teaching the Responsible Child-Social and Moral Development	438	(48)
Objectives	438	(1)
Understanding Social and Moral Development in Learning and Teaching	439	(14)
The Nature of Social and Moral Development	442	(1)
The Nurture of Social and Moral Development	443	(10)
Social and Moral Development and Curriculum	453	(25)
Infant Social Development and Curriculum	453	(4)
Toddler Social and Moral Development and Curriculum	457	(5)
Preschooler Social and Moral Development and Curriculum	462	(7)
Primary Age Social and Moral Development and Curriculum	469	(6)
Elementary Age Social and Moral Development and Curriculum	475	(3)
Assessing Social and Moral Development	478	(1)
Summary	479	(1)
Key Terms	480	(1)
Review Activities	480	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	480	(1)
Internet Quest	480	(1)
Reflective Journal	480	(1)
References	481	(4)
Related Careers	485	(1)
Learning and Teaching as a Professional	486	(27)
Objectives	486	(1)
Learning about Teaching as a Profession	487	(1)
Who Is a Professional?	487	(14)
Teaching as a Profession	488	(4)
Recommendations for Professionalizing Teaching	492	(1)
Professionals Act Ethically	493	(1)
The Professional as a Member of an Association	494	(2)
The Professional as an Advocate	496	(3)
The Professional Teacher as a Manager	499	(2)
The Professional as a Lifelong Learner	501	(8)
The Preparation Plan	502	(1)
Entry Requirements	503	(1)
The Induction Plan	504	(3)
Continuing the Learning Process	507	(2)
Summary	509	(1)
Key Terms	510	(1)
Review Activities	510	(1)
Exercises to Strengthen Learning	510	(1)
Internet Quest	510	(1)
Reflective Journal	510	(1)
References	511	(1)
Related Careers	512	(1)
Appendix A Developmental Profiles	513	(10)
Appendix B Evaluation of Infant/Toddler Environment	523	(2)
Appendix C Playground Rating System (Ages Three-Eight)	525	(4)
Appendix D Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale	529	(4)
Appendix E Frost-Wortham Developmental Checklist	533	(4)
Glossary	537	(6)
Index	543