Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

by Binns, Chris

• ISBN13: 9780471776475
• ISBN10: 0471776475
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-06-16
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Wiley Survival Guide to Nanotechnology: Tiny Structure, Big Ideas and Grey Goo explains nanotechnology to an audience that does not necessarily have a scientific background. It covers all aspects, including the new areas of biomedical applications and the use of nanotechnology to probe the "quantum vacuum." After discussing the present state of the art in nanotechnology, the book makes estimates of where these technologies are going and what will be possible in the future.

Author Biography

CHRIS BINNS, PhD, is Professor of Nanoscience in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Leicester, United Kingdom. He spent two years working at Synchrotron Radiation Sources (SSRL, Stanford and NSLS, Brookhaven) in the USA. Professor Binns then obtained a permanent academic post at the University of Leicester and continued synchrotron radiation experiments. In the last decade his research has focused on magnetic nanoparticles, and at present is moving into the new areas of biomedical applications of nanoparticles and in Casimir force measurements using scanning probe microscopes.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xi
Nanotechnology Time Line	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
Incremental Nanotechnology	p. 3
Evolutionary Nanotechnology	p. 4
Radical Nanotechnology	p. 6
Bottom-Up/Top-Down Nanotechnology	p. 8
References	p. 10
Size Matters	p. 11
The Fundamental Importance of Size	p. 11
The Magnetic Behavior of Nanoparticles	p. 14
The Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials	p. 24
The Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles	p. 26
Nanoparticles Interacting with Living Systems	p. 28
Problems	p. 30
References	p. 31
Nanoparticles Everywhere	p. 33
Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere	p. 33
Atmospheric Nanoparticles and Health	p. 38
Nanoparticles and Climate	p. 41
Marine Aerosol	p. 45
Nanoparticles in Space	p. 46
Problems	p. 50
References	p. 51
Carbon Nanostructures: Bucky Balls and Nanotubes	p. 53
Why Carbon?	p. 53
Discovery of the First Fullerene: C60	p. 55
Structural Symmetry of the Closed Fullerenes	p. 58
Smaller Fullerenes and "Shrink-Wrapping" Atoms	p. 60
Larger Fullerenes	p. 63
Electronic Properties of Individual Fullerenes	p. 66
Materials Produced by Assembling Fullerenes (Fullerites and Fullerides)	p. 72
Discovery of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 77
Structure of SWNTs	p. 79
Electronic Properties of SWNTs	p. 80
Electronic Transport in Carbon Nanotubes	p. 83
Mechanical Properties of Nanotubes	p. 86
Thermal Conductivity of Nanotubes	p. 89
Carbon Nanohorns	p. 90
Carbon Nanobuds and Pea Pods	p. 90
Problems	p. 93
References	p. 94
The Nanotechnology Toolkit	p. 96
Making Nanostructures Using Bottom-Up Methods	p. 96
Making Nanoparticles Using Supersaturated Vapor	p. 96
Sources Producing Nanoparticle Beams in Vacuum	p. 99
Mass Selection of Charged Nanoparticle Beams in Vacuum	p. 103
Aerodynamic Lensing and Mass Selection of Neutral Nanoparticles	p. 110
Plasma, Spark, and Flame Metal Aerosol Sources	p. 112
Size Selection of Nanoparticles in Aerosols	p. 114
Chemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Liquid Suspensions	p. 117
Biological Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles	p. 120
Synthesis of Fullerenes	p. 121
Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes	p. 122
Controlling the Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes	p. 125
Making Nanostructures Using Top-Down Methods	p. 127
Electron Beam Lithography (EBL)	p. 128
Manufacturing Nanostructures Using Focused Ion Beams (FIB)	p. 132
Combining Bottom-Up and Top-Down Nanostructures	p. 138
Imaging, Probing, and Manipulating Nanostructures	p. 142
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)	p. 142
Manipulating Atoms and Molecules with STM	p. 149
Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS)	p. 153
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)	p. 157
Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN)	p. 162
Electron Microscopy	p. 165
Problems	p. 170
References	p. 172
Single-Nanoparticles Devices	p. 176
Data Storage on Magnetic Nanoparticles	p. 176
Quantum Dots	p. 185
Nanoparticles as Transistors	p. 190
Carbon Nanoelectronics	p. 198
Problems	p. 202
References	p. 203
Magic Beacons and Magic Bullets: The Medical Applications of Functional Nanoparticles	p. 205
Nanoparticles Interacting with Living Organisms	p. 206
Targeted Nanovectors for Therapy and Diagnosis	p. 206
Types of Core Nanoparticle in Nanovectors	p. 210
Some Elementary Human Cell Biology	p. 211
Uptake of Nanomaterials by the Body	p. 214
Biological Targeting	p. 215
Magnetic Targeting	p. 220
Treatment of Tumors by Hyperthermia	p. 223
Biological Response to Heating	p. 223
Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia	p. 229
Hyperthermia with Au Nanoparticles	p. 238
Hyperthermia with Carbon Nanotubes	p. 244
Medical Diagnosis and "Theranostics" Using Nanomaterials	p. 247
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Contrast Enhancement Using Magnetic Nanoparticles	p. 247
Imaging Using Gold Nanoparticles	p. 252
Imaging Using Quantum Dots	p. 253
Problems	p. 259
References	p. 260
Radical Nanotechnology	p. 263
Locomotion for Nanobots and Nanofactories	p. 264
On-Board Processing for Nanomachines	p. 273
Medical Nanobots	p. 274
Molecular Assembly	p. 277
References	p. 280
Prodding the Cosmic Fabric	p. 281
Zero-Point Energy of Space	p. 281
The Casimir Force	p. 286
The Casimir Force in Nanomachines	p. 289
References	p. 292
Glossary	p. 295
Index	p. 297
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