Introduction to Basic Laboratory Techniques | |
Solubility | |
Crystallization | |
Extraction | |
Chromatography | |
Simple and Fractional Distillation | |
Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling-Point Determination | |
Essay: Aspirin | |
Acetylsalicylic Acid | |
Essay: Analgesics | |
Acetanilide | |
Acetaminophen | |
Essay: Identification of Drugs | |
TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs | |
Essay: Caffeine | |
Isolation of Caffeine | |
Experiment | |
Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves | |
Experiment | |
Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag | |
Essay: Esters -- Flavors and Fragrances | |
Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil) | |
Methyl Salicylate (Oil of Wintergreen) | |
Essay: Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids | |
Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves | |
Essay: Stereochemical Theory of Odor | |
Spearmint and Caraway Oil: (+)- and (-)- Carvones | |
Essay: The Chemistry of Vision | |
Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach | |
Essay: Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry | |
Ethanol from Sucrose | |
Introduction to Molecular Modeling | |
Essay: Molecular Modeling and Molecular Mechanics | |
An Introduction to Molecular Modeling | |
The Conformations of n-Butane: Local Minima | |
Cyclohexane Chair and Boat Conformations | |
Substituted Cyclohexane Rings | |
cis- and trans-2-Butene | |
Essay: Computational Chemistry -- Ab initio and Semiempirical Methods | |
Computational Chemistry | |
Heats of Formation: Isomerism, Tautomerism, and Regioselectivity | |
Heats of Reactions: SN1 Reaction Rates | |
Density-Electrostatic Potential | |
Maps -- Acidities of Carboxylic Acids | |
Density -- Electrostatic Potential Maps: Carbocations | |
Density -- LUMO Maps: Reactivities of Carbonyl Groups | |
Properties and Reactions of Organic Compounds | |
Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides | |
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Competing Nucleophiles | |
Competing Nucleophiles with 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol | |
Competing Nucleophiles with 2-Methyl-2-Propanol | |
Analysis | |
Hydrolysis of Some Alkyl Chlorides | |
Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride | |
n-Butyl Bromide | |
t-Pentyl Chloride | |
4-Methylcyclohexene | |
Phase-Transfer Catalysis: Addition of Dichlorocarbene to Cyclohexene Essay: Fats and Oils | |
Methyl Stearate from Methyl Oleate | |
Essay: Soaps and Detergents | |
Preparation of Soap | |
Preparation of a Detergent | |
Essay: Petroleum and Fossil Fuels | |
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Gasolines | |
Essay: Detection of Alcohol: The Breathalyzer | |
Chromic Acid Oxidation of Alcohols | |
Chromic Acid Oxidation of Alcohols -- Visible Spectrophotometer Method | |
Chromic Acid Oxidation of Alcohols -- UV-VIS Spectrophotometer Method | |
Essay: Green Chemistry | |
Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate; Optical Purity Determination | |
Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate | |
NMR Determination of the Optical Purity of (S)-Ethyl 3-Hydroxybutanoate | |
Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Using a Recyclable Catalyst | |
An Oxidation-Reduction Scheme: Borneol, Camphor, Isoborneol | |
Multi-Step Reaction Sequences: The Conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid | |
Preparation of Benzoin by Thiamine Catalysis | |
Preparation of Benzil | |
Preparation of Benzilic Acid | |
Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone | |
Triphenylmethanol and Benzoic Acid | |
Triphenylmethanol | |
Benzoic Acid | |
Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine and Determination of Optical Purity | |
Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine | |
Determination of Optical Purity Using NMR and a Chiral Resolving Agent | |
The Aldol Condensation Reaction: Preparation of Benzalacetophenones Chalcones) | |
Preparation of an alpha,beta-Unsaturated Ketone via Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions | |
Enamine Reactions: 2-Acetylcyclohexanone | |
1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-Butadiene | |
Relative Reactivities of Several Aromatic Compounds | |
Nitration of Methyl Benzoate | |
Essay: Local Anesthetics | |
Benzocaine | |
Essay: Pheromones: Insect Attractants and Repellents | |
N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide: The Insect Repellent "OFF" | |
Essay: Sulfa Drugs | |
Sulfa Drugs: Preparation of Sulfanilamide | |
Essay: Food Colors | |
Chromatography of Some Dye Mixtures | |
Essay: Polymers and Plastics | |
Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Polyester, Nylon, and Polystyrene | |
Polyesters | |
Polyamide (Nylon) | |
Polystyrene | |
Infrared Spectra of Polymer Samples | |
Essay: Diels-Alder Reactions and Insecticides | |
The Diels-Alder Reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Maleic Anhydride | |
Photoreduction of Benzophenone and Rearrangement of Benzpinacol to Benzopinacolone | |
Photoreduction of Benzophenone | |
Synthesis of beta-Benzopinacolone: The Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Benzpinacol | |
Essay: Fireflies and Photochemistry | |
Luminol | |
Essay: The Chemistry of Sweeteners | |
Carbohydrates | |
Analysis of a Diet Soft Drink by HPLC | |
Essay: Chemistry of Milk | |
Isolation of Casein and Lactose from Milk | |
Isolation of Casein from Milk | |
Isolation of Lactose from Milk | |
Identification of Organic Substances | |
Identification of Unknowns | |
Solubility Tests | |
Tests for the Elements (N, S, X) | |
Tests for Unsaturation | |
Aldehydes and Ketones | |
Carboxylic Acids | |
Phenols | |
Amines | |
Alcohols | |
Esters | |
Project-Based Experiments | |
Preparation of a C-4 or C-5 Acetate Ester | |
A Separation and Purification Scheme | |
Extractions with a separatory funnel | |
Extractions with a Screw-Cap centrifuge tube | |
Isolation of Essential Oils from Allspice, Cloves, Cumin, Caraway, Cinnamon, or Fennel | |
Isolation of Essential Oils by Steam Distillation | |
Identification of the Constituents of Essential Oils by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | |
Investigation of the Essential Oils of Herbs and Spices-Mini-Research Project | |
Friedel-Crafts Acylation | |
The Analysis of Antihistamine Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry | |
Carbonation of an Unknown Aromatic Halide | |
The Aldehyde Enigma | |
Synthesis of Substituted Chalcones: A Guided-Inquiry Experience | |
Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions | |
Esterification Reactions of Vanillin: The Use of NMR to Solve a Structure Proof Problem | |
An Oxidation Puzzle | |
The Techniques | |
Laboratory Safety | |
The Laboratory Notebook, Calculations, and Laboratory Records | |
Laboratory Glassware: Care and Cleaning | |
How to Find Data for Compounds: Handbooks and Catalogues | |
Measurement of Volume and Weight | |
Heating and Cooling Methods | |
Reaction Methods | |
Filtration | |
Physical Constants of Solids: The Melting Point | |
Solubility | |
Crystallization: Purification of Solids | |
Extractions, Separations, and Drying Agents | |
Physical Constants of Liquids: The Boiling Point and Density | |
Simple Distillation | |
Fractional Distillation, Azeotropes | |
Vacuum Distillation, Manometers | |
Sublimation | |
Steam Distillation | |
Column Chromatography | |
Thin-Layer Chromatography | |
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) | |
Gas Chromatography | |
Polarimetry | |
Refractometry | |
Infrared Spectroscopy | |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Proton NMR) | |
Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | |
Mass Spectrometry | |
Guide to the Chemical Literature | |
Tables of Unknowns and Derivatives | |
Procedure for Preparing Derivatives | |
Index of Spectra. | |
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