Introduction to Philosophy Classical and Contemporary Readings

• ISBN13: 9780195036978
• ISBN10: 0195036972
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1986-02-27
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Introduction to Philosophy, 3/e is the most comprehensive topically organized collection of classical and contemporary philosophy available. Ideal for introductory philosophy courses, the third edition of this classic text now includes a general introduction and features eighteen selections new to this volume and an expanded glossary of philosophical terms. A serious and challenging work, it includes sections on the meaning of life, God and evil, epistemology, philosophy of science, the mind/body problem, freedom of will, consciousness, ethics, and philosophical puzzles. This exceptionally successful anthology presents a large number of substantial--and in some cases complete--selections from major works, offering a unique balance between classical and contemporary readings.This third edition adds selections by Plato, Nelson Pike, J.L. Mackie, Elizabeth Anderson, David Lewis, Hilary Putnam, Frank Jackson, John Perry, Peter Strawson, Rosalind Hursthouse, G.A. Cohen, Samuel Scheffler, Debra Satz, and Kwame Anthony Appiah as well as Kavka's Toxin Puzzle and Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer.

Table of Contents

*=New to this edition

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Preface to the First Edition

Introduction: On the Study of Philosophy

Philosophy And The Meaning Of Life

The Value of Philosophy

The Province of Philosophy

The Absurd

Plato, Apology: Defence of Socrates

The Myth of Sisyphus

The Meaning of Human Existence

The Meanings of Lives

God And Evil

Introduction

Why Believe?

The Ontological Argument

The Existence of God

The Wager

Why I Am Not a Theist

The Problem of Evil

Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

God, Evil and the Best of All Possible Worlds

Natural Theology

Dialogue on Good, Evil, and the Existence of God

Knowledge And Reality

Introduction

Plato and the Concept of Knowledge

Plato, Thaetetus

Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?

Descartes and the Problems of Skepticism

Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy

Bad Dreams, Evil Demons, and the Experience Machine: Philosophy and The Matrix

Excerpt from Philosophical Explanations

Hume's Problems and Some Solutions

Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses

An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

The Problem of Induction

Minds, Bodies, And Persons

Introduction

The Traditional Problem of Mind and Body

The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds

Descartes's Myth

The Nature of Mind

Mad Pain and Martian Pain

Intentional Systems

Eliminative Materialism

Minds, Brains, and Machines

Turing Machines

Computing Machinery and Intelligence

Minds, Brains, and Programs

Consciousness

What Is It Like to Be a Bat?

What Mary Didn't Know

Knowing What It's Like

Personal Identity

A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality

The Self and the Future

Personal Identity

Where Am I?

Freedom, Determinism, and Responsibility

Human Freedom and the Self

The Powers of Rational Beings: Freedom of the Will

Of Liberty and Necessity

Freedom and Determinism

Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility

Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person

Ethics And Society

Introduction

Utilitarianism

The Principle of Utility

Utilitarianism

Criticisms of Utilitarianism

Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism and Integrity

Famine, Affluence, and Morality

Kantian Ethics

Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals

Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems

War and Massacre

Aristotelian Ethics

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics

Aristotle on Eudaimonia

Virtue Theory and Abortion

Justice and Equality

A Theory of Justice

Justice and Entitlement

A. Cohen, Where the Action Is: On the Site of Distributive Justice

The Subjection of Women

Markets in Women's Reproductive Labor

Racisms

Challenges to Morality

Morality and Self-Interest

Plato, The Republic

An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals

Morality and Advantage

The Law of the Jungle: Moral Alternatives and Principles of Evolution

Subjectivism, Relativism, and Skepticism

The Subjectivity of Values

Ethics and Observation

Moral Explanations

Puzzles And Paradoxes

Introduction

Zeno's Paradoxes

Achilles and the Tortoise

The Racecourse

The Argument Against Plurality

Metaphysical and Epistemological Puzzles and Paradoxes

The Paradox of Identity

The Paradox of the Heap

The Surprise Examination

Goodman's New Riddle of Induction

Puzzles of Rational Choice

The Prisoner's Dilemma

Newcomb's Problem

Kavka's Toxin Puzzle

Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer

Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics

The Paradox of the Liar

Other Versions of the Liar

Russell's Paradox

Grelling's Paradox

Puzzles of Ethics

The Trolley Problem

Ducking Harm and Sacrificing Others

Glossary of Philosophical Terms

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