Introduction to Polymer Rheology

by Shaw, Montgomery T.

• ISBN13: 9780470388440
• ISBN10: 0470388447
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-01-03
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Providing new students and practitioners with an easy-to-understand introduction to the theory and practice an often complicated subject, Introduction to Polymer Rheology incorporates worked problems and problems with appended answers to provide opportunities for review and further learning of more advanced concepts. By limiting the use of mathematics within an approachable format, this introductory overview ensures practicing scientists and engineers understand the concepts underlying the flow behavior of polymer melts, solutions, and suspensions, and are able to interpret experimental data correctly and provide additional insight on a process.

Author Biography

Montgomery T. Shaw, PhD, is the DiBenedetto Distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Connecticut in Storrs, Connecticut. He is a coauthor of Introduction to Polymer Viscoelasticity, Third Edition, also published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
Polymers and the importance of rheology	p. 1
Rheology in its simplest form	p. 9
Problems	p. 12
Suggested references, with commentary	p. 13
Stress	p. 15
Stress and pressure	p. 16
Organization of the stress components	p. 30
Coping with subscripts	p. 31
Typical stress tensors	p. 32
Compilation of equations of motion (ssc)	p. 38
Equations of motion-curvilinear quick list (ssc)	p. 40
Problems	p. 40
References	p. 44
Velocity, Velocity Gradient and Rate of Deformation	p. 45
Why velocity is simpler than location-Speedometers vs. GPS	p. 45
Velocity gradients	p. 46
Rate of deformation	p. 48
Components of the rate-of-deformation tensor	p. 52
Components of the continuity equation	p. 53
Nomenclature and sign conventions used in popular rheology texts	p. 53
Problems	p. 54
References	p. 57
Relationship Between Stress and Rate of Deformation: The Newtonian Fluid	p. 59
Material idealizations in rheology	p. 59
The Newtonian fluid	p. 63
Problems	p. 68
References	p. 70
Generalized Newtonian Fluids-A Small But Important Step Toward a Description of Real Behavior for Polymers	p. 71
Reasons for inventing generalized Newtonian fluids-behavior of polymer melts	p. 72
Generalizing the GNF to three dimensions	p. 77
Inventing relationships for viscosity vs. shear rate	p. 82
Short primer on finding GNF parameters from data	p. 86
Summary of GNF characteristics	p. 90
Fitting data with Excel®	p. 90
Problems	p. 92
References	p. 96
Normal Stresses-Ordinary Behavior for Polymers	p. 97
Introduction	p. 97
What are normal stresses?	p. 98
Origin of normal stresses in simple shear	p. 99
The second normal-stress difference	p. 102
Normal-stress coefficients and empirical findings	p. 103
Transient rheological functions	p. 107
Temperature effects and superposition of steady-flow data	p. 109
Problems	p. 116
References	p. 122
Experimental Methods	p. 125
Measurement of viscosity	p. 126
Normal stresses from shearing flows	p. 149
Extensional rheology	p. 155
Specialized geometries	p. 162
Flow visualization and other rheo-optical methods	p. 165
Micro and nano rheology	p. 171
Numerical derivatives	p. 174
Velocity-profile correction for non-Newtonian fluids	p. 176
Incorporation of slip into the velocity-profile correction-the Mooney correction	p. 179
Normal stresses using the cone-and-plate geometry	p. 180
Desktop rheo-optical experiment	p. 184
Problems	p. 186
References	p. 193
Strain, Small and Large	p. 197
Displacement	p. 197
Infinitesimal strain	p. 201
Hookean solids	p. 208
Finite strain	p. 210
The Lodge elastic fluid and variants	p. 214
The Cauchy strain measure	p. 219
Fixing up integral equations based on C and C-1	p. 222
The relaxation function	p. 226
Constant-rate extension of the LEF	p. 227
Problems	p. 233
References	p. 238
Molecular Origins of Rheological Behavior	p. 239
Description of polymer molecules	p. 239
The Rouse chain-a limited description of polymer behavior	p. 241
Other chain-like models	p. 242
Dealing with entanglements	p. 248
Summary of predictions of molecular theory	p. 255
Problems	p. 256
References	p. 259
Elementary Polymer Processing Concepts	p. 261
Simple laboratory processing methods	p. 261
Elementary extrusion concepts	p. 271
A downstream process-spinning	p. 281
Summary	p. 284
Densities of melts at elevated temperatures	p. 284
Problems	p. 286
References	p. 290
Quality-Control Rheology	p. 291
Examples of methods used by various industries	p. 292
Test precision	p. 297
ASTM tests methods for rheological characterization	p. 302
Problems	p. 305
References	p. 308
Flow of Modified Polymers and Polymers with Supermolecular Structure	p. 311
Polymers filled with particulates	p. 311
Liquid crystallinity and rheology	p. 321
Polymers with microphase separation in melts or solutions	p. 323
Covalent crosslinking of polymers	p. 327
Van't Hoff equation applied to gelation	p. 329
Problems	p. 330
References	p. 335
Answers to Selected Problems	p. 337
	p. 337
	p. 339
	p. 342
	p. 345
	p. 350
	p. 352
	p. 357
	p. 362
	p. 371
	p. 372
	p. 375
	p. 377
	p. 381
	p. 382
Author Index	p. 385
Subject Index	p. 391
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