Introduction to Property

by Singer, Joseph William

• ISBN13: 9780735520127
• ISBN10: 0735520127
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: Wolters Kluwer

Summary

With the publication of Singer's INTRODUCTION TO PROPERTY, there is finally an overview that is understandable to students and acceptable to instructors. This clear and accessible text addresses all the classic and contemporary topics found in the traditional first-year Property course. When you examine INTRODUCTION TO PROPERTY, be sure to notice: comprehensive coverage includes the Fair Housing Act, Personal Property, and Intellectual Property clear, textual treatment describes the often complicated or antiquated laws of property in a lively, contemporary manner, with numerous helpful examples emphasis is on disagreements among the states on the applicable rules of property law, with explanations of the conflicting interests that generate divergent approaches explanations of the norms and policy bases of Property Law give a balanced account of the various theoretical approaches and enable students to Understand The reasoning behind the law Students who use INTRODUCTION TO PROPERTY will be better prepared for class and for exams because: the book teaches real-world analytical skills, not just how to memorize the black letter law Singer presents arguments for interpreting the issues from different perspectives, then poses hypotheticals for students to consider the text can be used with Singer's successful casebook as well as any other casebook or materials

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xxv
Introduction	p. 1
What Is Property?	p. 2
Relations Among People Regarding Valued Resources	p. 2
Ownership v. Bundles of Rights	p. 2
Individual Entitlement v. Property as a System	p. 3
Regulation v. Construction of a Property System	p. 4
Legal Relations	p. 5
Core Tensions Within Property Law	p. 6
Right to Exclude v. Right of Access	p. 6
Privilege to Use v. Security from Harm	p. 7
Power to Transfer v. Limits on Disaggregation	p. 7
Immunity from Loss v. Power to Acquire	p. 8
Recurring Themes	p. 9
Rule Choices, Hard Cases, and Competing Arguments	p. 9
Social Context	p. 10
Formal v. Informal Sources of Rights	p. 10
The Alienability Dilemma	p. 11
Contractual Freedom and Minimum Standards	p. 11
Systemic Norms	p. 12
Theories of Property	p. 13
Normative Approaches	p. 13
Justificatory Norms	p. 16
The Right to Exclude and the Right of Access	p. 21
Trespass and Public Accommodations Law	p. 23
Introduction	p. 24
Excluding or Admitting People	p. 27
Private Property (Closed to the Public)	p. 27
Shared Use or Possession	p. 29
Public Accommodations (Open to the Public)	p. 30
Common Law Limits on the Right to Exclude	p. 34
Consent	p. 34
Estoppel	p. 37
Necessity	p. 38
Public Policy or Social Need	p. 39
Prescription	p. 40
Objects	p. 40
Encroaching Structures	p. 40
Vegetation and Trees	p. 42
Aviation	p. 42
Pollution	p. 43
Animals	p. 44
Public Accommodations Laws	p. 45
Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964	p. 45
Civil Rights Act of 1866	p. 55
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990	p. 63
State Laws	p. 72
Free Speech Rights of Access to Private Property	p. 73
United States Constitution	p. 73
State Constitutions	p. 78
Labor Laws	p. 81
Public Trust Doctrine	p. 82
Relationships Among Neighbors	p. 89
Nuisance	p. 91
Introduction	p. 92
Private Nuisance	p. 98
Test	p. 98
Remedies	p. 105
Types of Nuisances	p. 113
Public Nuisance	p. 115
Water Rights	p. 121
Diffuse Surface Water (Flooding)	p. 121
Streams and Lakes	p. 125
Groundwater	p. 126
Support Rights	p. 128
Lateral Support	p. 128
Subjacent Support	p. 130
Light and Air	p. 131
Adverse Possession	p. 133
Introduction	p. 134
Elements	p. 137
Actual Possession	p. 137
Open and Notorious	p. 140
Exclusive	p. 141
Continuous	p. 141
Adverse or Hostile	p. 142
For the Statutory Period	p. 148
Under Color of Title	p. 148
Justifications for Adverse Possession	p. 149
Typical Cases	p. 155
Color of Title	p. 155
Border Disputes	p. 156
Squatters	p. 157
Cotenants	p. 158
Procedures and Effects of Adverse Possession	p. 159
Level of Proof Required	p. 159
Effect on Prior Encumbrances	p. 159
Claims Against the Government	p. 161
Informal Transfers of Title to Settle Boundary Disputes	p. 162
Improving Trespasser	p. 162
Dedication	p. 162
Oral Agreement	p. 163
Acquiescence	p. 163
Estoppel	p. 164
Adverse Possession of Personal Property	p. 164
Licenses and Easements	p. 169
Introduction	p. 170
Licenses	p. 174
Implied Easements	p. 176
Easement by Estoppel	p. 177
Constructive Trust	p. 181
Implied From Prior Use	p. 184
Necessity	p. 187
Prescriptive Easements	p. 190
Express Easements	p. 199
Formal Requirements to Create	p. 199
Substantive Limitations	p. 200
Running with the Land (Appurtenant v. In Gross)	p. 203
Scope, Location, and Extension of Appurtenant Easements	p. 206
Scope and Apportionment of Easements in Gross	p. 212
Terminating Easements	p. 214
Covenants	p. 217
Introduction	p. 218
Formal Requirements	p. 226
Writing	p. 229
Notice	p. 231
Intent to Run	p. 234
Privity of Estate	p. 236
Substantive Requirements	p. 245
Touch and Concern	p. 245
Enforcement in Gross	p. 250
Implied Reciprocal Negative Servitudes	p. 253
Remedies	p. 258
Interpretation of Ambiguous Covenants	p. 262
Public Policy Limitations	p. 268
Racial Restrictions	p. 268
Unreasonable Restraints on Alienation	p. 271
Unreasonable Restraints on Competition	p. 276
Public Policy	p. 277
Modifying or Terminating Covenants	p. 279
Changed Conditions	p. 279
Relative Hardship	p. 283
Conduct of the Parties	p. 284
Statutory Regulation	p. 286
Common Ownership	p. 287
Present Estates and Future Interests	p. 289
Introduction	p. 290
Fee Simple	p. 293
Defeasible Fees	p. 294
Fee Simple Determinable/Possibility of Reverter	p. 295
Fee Simple Subject to Condition Subsequent/Right of Entry	p. 296
Fee Simple Subject to Executory Limitation/Executory Interest	p. 297
Life Estates	p. 298
Remainders and Reversions	p. 298
Contingent and Vested Remainders	p. 299
Destructibility of Contingent Remainders	p. 300
Doctrine of Worthier Title	p. 301
Rule in Shelley's Case	p. 302
Trusts	p. 302
Interpretation of Ambiguous Conveyances	p. 303
Presumption Against Forfeitures	p. 303
Waste	p. 308
Cy pres	p. 309
Changed Conditions	p. 310
Regulatory Rules	p. 312
Abolition of Fee Tail	p. 312
Restrictions on New Estates	p. 315
Unreasonable Restriants on Alienation	p. 316
Rule Against Perpetuities	p. 317
Racial Restrictions	p. 327
Restraints on Marriage	p. 329
Public Policy	p. 332
Judicial Sale of Property Subject to Future Interests	p. 332
Concurrent Ownership	p. 333
Introduction	p. 334
Ownership in Common	p. 335
Tenancy in Common	p. 335
Joint Tenancy	p. 336
Tenancy by the Entirety	p. 343
Interpretation of Ambiguities	p. 345
Rights and Obligations of Cotenants	p. 346
Partition	p. 346
Joint Management	p. 348
Contribution for Repairs and Maintenance	p. 348
Rental Benefits and Obligations	p. 350
Leasing	p. 353
Adverse Possession	p. 354
Common Interest Communities	p. 355
Condominiums	p. 355
Cooperatives	p. 364
Affordable Housing Arrangements	p. 365
Business Property	p. 365
Partnerships	p. 366
Corporations	p. 368
Franchises	p. 370
Nonprofit Organizations	p. 371
Governmental Ownership	p. 372
Family Property	p. 373
Introduction	p. 374
Historical Background	p. 376
Dower and Curtesy	p. 376
Married Women's Property Acts	p. 378
Marital Property	p. 379
Separate Property	p. 380
Community Property	p. 385
Tenancy by the Entirety	p. 390
Unmarried Couples	p. 391
Male-Female Couples	p. 391
Same-Sex Couples	p. 394
Parents and Children	p. 399
Inheritance	p. 401
Wills and Will Substitutes	p. 401
Intestate Succession	p. 402
Regulation of the Market for Shelter	p. 407
Leaseholds	p. 409
Introduction	p. 410
Distinguishing Leaseholds from Other Interests	p. 416
Types of Tenancies (Leasehold Estates)	p. 423
Term of Years	p. 424
Periodic Tenancy	p. 425
Tenancy at Will	p. 429
Tenancy at Sufferance	p. 430
Tenant's Obligations and Landlord's Remedies	p. 431
Tenant's Duty to Pay Rent	p. 431
Tenant's Duty to Operate	p. 433
Illegality	p. 435
Landlord's Remedies	p. 435
Landlord's Obligations and Tenant's Remedies	p. 446
Landlord's Duty to Deliver Possession	p. 446
Security Deposits	p. 446
Actual Eviction	p. 447
Antieviction Laws	p. 447
Rent Control	p. 448
Tenant's Right to Habitable Premises	p. 449
Constructive Eviction	p. 449
Housing Codes	p. 452
Implied Warranty of Habitability	p. 452
Retaliatory Eviction	p. 460
Landlord's Tort Liability	p. 463
Consumer Protection Laws	p. 466
Lead Paint Laws	p. 467
Transfers by Landlord or Tenant	p. 468
Landlord's Right to Transfer the Reversion	p. 468
Tenant's Rights to Assign or Sublet	p. 468
Real Estate Transactions	p. 471
Introduction	p. 472
Brokers	p. 474
Sales Contract (Purchase and Sale Agreement)	p. 480
The Attorney's Role	p. 481
Statute of Frauds	p. 482
What Constitutes Breach	p. 485
Remedies for Breach	p. 497
Risk of Loss During Executory Period	p. 502
Death of a Contracting Party	p. 503
Mistake	p. 504
Deeds and Title Protection	p. 504
Formal Requirements	p. 504
Substantive Requirements	p. 509
Title Covenants	p. 510
Marketable Title Acts	p. 512
Recording Acts	p. 514
Title Insurance	p. 528
Title Registration	p. 529
Real Estate Finance	p. 530
Mortgages	p. 530
Installment Land Contracts	p. 538
Equitable Mortgages	p. 540
Fair Housing Law	p. 543
Introduction	p. 544
Intentional Racial or National Origin Discrimination	p. 546
U.S. Constitution	p. 546
Fair Housing Act of 1968	p. 549
Civil Rights Act of 1866	p. 562
Sex Discrimination	p. 564
Disability Discrimination	p. 567
Familial Status Discrimination	p. 570
Families with Children	p. 570
Marital Status	p. 571
Religious Discrimination	p. 573
Sexual Orientation Discrimination	p. 573
Disparate Impact Claims	p. 574
Race	p. 574
Sex	p. 579
Disability	p. 580
Familial Status	p. 582
Religion	p. 585
National Origin	p. 586
Economic Discrimination	p. 587
Intentional Wealth-based Discrimination	p. 587
Exclusionary Zoning	p. 588
The Right to Be Somewhere: Homelessness and Loitering Laws	p. 591
Public Land Use Planning	p. 593
Land Use Regulation	p. 595
Introduction	p. 596
Planning Process	p. 597
Federal, State, and Local Regulation	p. 597
Zoning Enabling Acts	p. 597
Comprehensive Plan	p. 598
Zoning Ordinance	p. 599
Board of Adjustment or Board of Zoning Appeals	p. 600
Zoning Laws	p. 600
Lot and Building Regulations	p. 600
Use Regulation	p. 601
Special Exceptions	p. 601
Contract or Conditional Zoning	p. 603
Floating Zones	p. 606
Overlay Zones	p. 607
Protection of Pre-Existing Property Rights	p. 607
Prior Nonconforming Uses	p. 607
Variances	p. 609
Vested Rights	p. 611
Rezoning: Limits on Preferential Zoning	p. 612
Conformity with Comprehensive Plan	p. 612
Spot Zoning	p. 613
Nonzoning Land Use Controls	p. 613
Building and Housing Codes	p. 613
Subdivision Regulations	p. 614
Growth Management and Regional Planning	p. 615
Historic Landmarks	p. 617
Environmental Protection	p. 617
Telecommunications Towers	p. 620
Constitutional Limits on Land Use Regulations	p. 621
First Amendment	p. 621
Procedural Due Process	p. 626
Substantive Due Process	p. 627
Equal Protection	p. 629
Regulatory Takings	p. 631
Introduction	p. 632
Historical Background	p. 634
Before 1922	p. 634
1922 to 1978	p. 636
After 1978	p. 643
"Categorical" Takings	p. 648
Core Property Rights	p. 649
Deprivation of all Economically Viable Use	p. 661
Vested Rights	p. 671
General Balancing Test	p. 673
Character of Government Action	p. 674
Economic Impact (Diminution in Value)	p. 678
Interference with Reasonable Investment-backed Expectations	p. 680
Fairness and Justice	p. 681
Judicial Takings	p. 683
Exactions	p. 686
Takings Legislation	p. 689
"Public Use" Requirement	p. 692
U.S. Constitution	p. 692
State Constitutions	p. 695
Remedies for Regulatory Takings	p. 695
Just Compensation	p. 695
Procedures	p. 698
Tribal Property	p. 700
Tribal Property	p. 701
American Indian Property	p. 703
Introduction	p. 704
Tribal Title	p. 707
Original Indian Title (Aboriginal Title)	p. 707
Recognized Title	p. 711
Executive Order Title	p. 711
Individual Title	p. 712
Restricted Trust Allotments	p. 712
Assignments	p. 714
Compensability	p. 714
Original Indian Title	p. 714
Recognized Title	p. 717
Executive Order Title	p. 722
Restricted Trust Allotments	p. 724
Protection of Tribal Possession	p. 725
Restraint on Alienation	p. 725
Extinguishment	p. 725
Reparations	p. 727
Indian Claims Commission Act	p. 727
Eastern Land Claims	p. 729
Land Claims Settlement Acts	p. 732
Breach of Trust Claims	p. 733
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act	p. 736
Tribal Easements	p. 737
Hunting and Fishing Rights	p. 737
Water Rights	p. 738
Personal and Intellectual Property	p. 739
Personal and Intellectual Property	p. 741
Introduction	p. 742
Personal Property	p. 743
Wild Animals	p. 743
Finders	p. 747
Gifts	p. 751
Bailments	p. 753
Good Faith Purchasers	p. 754
Adverse Possession	p. 755
Accession and Fixtures	p. 755
Intellectual Property	p. 755
Copyright	p. 756
Patents	p. 759
Trademarks	p. 761
Unfair Competition	p. 764
Publicity Rights	p. 766
Moral Rights of Artists	p. 769
Cultural Property	p. 770
Human Bodies	p. 772
Table of Cases	p. 779
Tables of Statutes	p. 815
Table of Restatements	p. 831
Index	p. 833
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