Introduction to Rocket Science and Engineering

by Taylor; Travis Shane

• ISBN13: 9781420075281
• ISBN10: 1420075284
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-02-24
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

Providing the knowledge needed by practicing rocket scientists and engineers, Introduction to Rocket Science and Engineering presents the history and basics of rocket theory, design, experimentation, testing, and applications. It covers an array of fields, from advanced mathematics, chemistry, and physics to logistics, systems engineering, and politics.

Table of Contents

About the Author	p. xi
Preface	p. xiii
What Are Rockets?	p. 1
The History of Rockets	p. 1
400 BCE	p. 1
100 to 0 BCE	p. 2
0 to 100 AD	p. 3
850 AD	p. 3
904 AD	p. 3
1132 to 1279 AD	p. 3
1300 to 1600 AD	p. 4
1600 to 1800 AD	p. 5
1800 to 1900 AD	p. 5
1900 to 1930 AD	p. 6
A Perspective	p. 9
1930 to 1957 AD	p. 9
1957 to 1961 AD	p. 10
1961 to Present	p. 14
X Prize	p. 18
Other Space Agencies	p. 21
Rockets of the Modern Era	p. 22
ESA and CNES	p. 23
Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO-India)	p. 23
Iranian Space Agency (ISA-Iran)	p. 24
Israeli Space Agency	p. 25
Japan Aerospace exploration Agency (JAXA-Japan)	p. 25
China National Space Administration (CNSA- People's Republic of China)	p. 26
Russian Federal Space Agency (FSA, also known as RKA in Russian-Russia/Ukraine)	p. 27
United States of America: NASA and the U.S. Air Force	p. 28
Other Systems Are on the Way	p. 31
The NASA Constellation Program	p. 31
Rocket Anatomy and Nomenclature	p. 36
Chapter Summary	p. 40
Exercises	p. 42
Why Are Rockets Needed?	p. 43
Missions and Payloads	p. 43
Missions	p. 44
Payloads	p. 45
Trajectories	p. 47
Example 2.1: Hobby Rocket	p. 47
Fundamental Equations for Trajectory Analysis	p. 51
Missing the Earth	p. 53
Example 2.2: The Dong Feng 31 ICBM	p. 54
Orbits	p. 54
Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation	p. 54
Example 2.3: Acceleration Due to Gravity on a Telecommunications Satellite	p. 56
A Circular Orbit	p. 58
The Circle Is a Special Case of an Ellipse	p. 62
The Ellipse Is Actually a Conic Section	p. 64
Kepler's Laws	p. 66
Newton's Vis Viva Equation	p. 69
Orbit Changes and Maneuvers	p. 73
In-Plane Orbit Changes	p. 73
Example 2.4: The Hohmann Transfer Orbit	p. 75
The Bielliptical Transfer	p. 78
Plane Changes	p. 78
Interplanetary Trajectories	p. 79
The Gravitational Assist	p. 81
Ballistic Missile Trajectories	p. 83
Ballistic Missile Trajectories Are Conic Sections	p. 83
Chapter Summary	p. 85
Exercises	p. 86
How Do Rockets Work?	p. 89
Thrust	p. 89
Specific Impulse	p. 92
Example 3.1: Isp of the Space Shuttle Main Engines	p. 95
Weight Flow Rate	p. 95
Tsiolkovsky's Rocket Equation	p. 98
Staging	p. 103
Example 3.2: The Two-Stage Rocket	p. 107
Rocket Dynamics, Guidance, and Control	p. 108
Aerodynamic Forces	p. 108
Example 3.3: Drag Force on the Space Shuttle	p. 110
Rocket Stability and the Restoring Force	p. 110
Rocket Attitude Control Systems	p. 116
8 Degrees of Freedom	p. 117
Chapter Summary	p. 120
Exercises	p. 122
How Do Rocket Engines Work?	p. 125
The Basic Rocket Engine	p. 125
Thermodynamic Expansion and the Rocket Nozzle	p. 128
Isentropic Flow	p. 130
Exit Velocity	p. 134
Rocket Engine Area Ratio and Lengths	p. 141
Nozzle Area Expansion Ratio	p. 141
Nozzle Design	p. 143
The Properly Designed Nozzle	p. 147
Expansion Chamber Dimensions	p. 148
Rocket Engine Design Example	p. 150
Chapter Summary	p. 154
Exercises	p. 155
Are All Rockets the Same?	p. 157
Solid Rocket Engines	p. 157
Basic Solid Motor Components	p. 158
Solid Propellant Composition	p. 161
Solid Propellant Grain Configurations	p. 161
Burn Rate	p. 162
Example 5.1: Burn Rate of the Space Shuttle SRBs	p. 164
Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines	p. 165
Cavitation	p. 167
Pogo	p. 168
Cooling the Engine	p. 169
A Real World Perspective: The SSME Ignition Sequence	p. 170
Hybrid Rocket Engines	p. 170
Electric Rocket Engines	p. 171
Electrostatic Engines	p. 172
Example 5.2: The Deep Space Probe's NSTAR Ion Engine	p. 175
Electrothermal Engines	p. 178
Electromagnetic Engines	p. 179
Example 5.3: The Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) Engine	p. 182
Solar Electric Propulsion	p. 185
Nuclear Electric Propulsion	p. 186
Nuclear Rocket Engines	p. 193
Solid Core	p. 193
Liquid Core	p. 194
Gas Core	p. 195
Solar Rocket Engines	p. 195
Example 5.4: The Solar Thermal Collector	p. 196
Example 5.5: The STR Exit Velocity, Isp, and Thrust	p. 198
Photon-Based Engines	p. 200
Chapter Summary	p. 206
Exercises	p. 207
How Do We Test Rockets?	p. 209
The Systems Engineering Process and Rocket Development	p. 210
Systems Engineering Models	p. 213
Technology, Integrated, and Systems Readiness	p. 215
Measuring Thrust	p. 219
Deflection-Type Thrustometers	p. 220
Hydraulic Load Cells	p. 223
Strain Gauge Load Cells	p. 224
Pressure Vessel Tests	p. 229
Shake 'n Bake Tests	p. 241
Drop and Landing Tests	p. 243
Environment Tests	p. 246
Destructive Tests	p. 248
Modeling and Simulation	p. 250
Roll-Out Test	p. 251
Flight Tests	p. 253
Logistics	p. 256
Flight Testing Is Complicated	p. 257
Chapter Summary	p. 263
Exercises	p. 264
Are We Thinking Like Rocket Scientists and Engineers?	p. 267
Weather Cocking	p. 268
Fuel Sloshing	p. 270
Propellant Vorticity	p. 272
Tornadoes and Overpasses	p. 276
Flying Foam Debris	p. 277
Monocoque	p. 279
The Space Mission Analysis and Design Process	p. 280
Back to the Moon	p. 283
Chapter Summary	p. 294
Exercises	p. 294
Suggested Reading for Rocket Scientists and Engineers	p. 297
Index	p. 299
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