An Introduction to Theories of Personality

by Ewen, Robert B.

• ISBN13: 9780805827194
• ISBN10: 0805827196
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-11-01
• Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc

Summary

In this highly readable fifth edition of his proven text, Robert Ewen presents the ideas of the most important personality theorists, describes new research relevant to them, and provides a new case history section. Intended as an introduction to personality theory, the book's major goals are: * to stimulate enthusiasm for the provocative problems of personality, * to provide a solid foundation for further study, and * to promote interest in the primary sources on which this secondary one is based. A prologue introduces each of the five major sections of the text, and comparisons are made among the various theories where appropriate. Other special features include: integration of numerous first-hand quotations into the text, capsule summaries of important concepts throughout to help students learn the many definitions presented in each chapter, and introductions to such theoretical applications as dream interpretation, psychopathology, psychotherapy, work, religion, education, and literature. Individual chapter study questions are designed to stimulate thought, discussion, and debate; and appendices offer case histories plus practical and personal examples to illustrate and clarify the study questions.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Theories of Personality	1	(12)
The Meaning of Personality	3	(1)
Theories of Personality	4	(1)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Basic Terminology	5	(2)
The Pre-Freudian Era	7	(3)
Summary	10	(3)
PART I FOUNDATIONS OF PERSONALITY THEORY	13	(148)
Prologue	13	(4)
CHAPTER 2 Psychoanalysis	17	(62)
SIGMUND FREUD
Biographical Sketch	19	(3)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	22	(4)
The Structure of Personality	26	(5)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Psychoanalytic Terminology (I)	31	(2)
Capsule Summary: The Structure of Personality (Freud)	33	(2)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Psychoanalytic Terminology (II)	35	(4)
The Development of Personality	39	(4)
Capsule Summary: The Psychosexual Stages, Fixation and Regression	43	(2)
Further Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory	45	(6)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Psychoanalytic Terminology (III)	51	(11)
Evaluation	62	(10)
Summary	72	(2)
Study Questions	74	(5)
CHAPTER 3 Analytical Psychology	79	(44)
CARL GUSTAV JUNG
Biographical Sketch	81	(3)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	84	(5)
The Structure of Personality	89	(4)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Jungian Terminology (I)	93	(2)
Capsule Summary: The Structure of Personality (Jung)	95	(2)
The Development of Personality	97	(2)
Capsule Summary: Psychological Types (Jung)	99	(3)
Further Applications of Analytical Psychology	102	(3)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Jungian Terminology (II)	105	(7)
Evaluation	112	(5)
Summary	117	(2)
Study Questions	119	(4)
CHAPTER 4 Individual Psychology	123	(38)
ALFRED ADLER
Biographical Sketch	125	(2)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	127	(3)
The Structure of Personality	130	(1)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Adlerian Terminology	131	(8)
Further Applications of Individual Psychology	139	(9)
Evaluation	148	(4)
Summary	152	(2)
Study Questions	154	(7)
PART II CLINICALLY-BASED NEOANALYTIC THEORIES	161	(116)
Prologue	161	(4)
CHAPTER 5 Neurosis and Human Growth	165	(20)
KAREN HORNEY
Biographical Sketch	167	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	168	(1)
The Structure and Development of Personality	169	(1)
Further Applications of Horneyan Theory	169	(4)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Horneyan Terminology	173	(6)
Evaluation	179	(1)
Summary	180	(1)
Study Questions	181	(4)
CHAPTER 6 The Escape from Freedom	185	(24)
ERICH FROMM
Biographical Sketch	187	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	188	(3)
The Structure of Personality	191	(1)
The Development of Personality	192	(1)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Frommian Terminology	193	(3)
Further Applications of Frommian Theory	196	(6)
Evaluation	202	(2)
Summary	204	(1)
Study Questions	205	(4)
CHAPTER 7 The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry	209	(32)
HARRY STACK SULLIVAN
Biographical Sketch	211	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	212	(6)
The Structure of Personality	218	(1)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Sullivanian Terminology	219	(4)
The Development of Personality	223	(2)
Capsule Summary: The Development Epochs (Sullivan)	225	(4)
Further Applications of Sullivanian Theory	229	(5)
Evaluation	234	(2)
Summary	236	(2)
Study Questions	238	(3)
CHAPTER 8 Ego Psychology	241	(36)
ERIK ERIKSON
Biographical Sketch	243	(2)
Capsule Summary: Ego Psychology Compared to Freudian Theory	245	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	246	(3)
The Structure of Personality	249	(1)
The Development of Personality	250	(1)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Eriksonian Terminology	251	(6)
Capsule Summary: The Epigenetic Psychosexual Stages (Erikson)	257	(2)
Further Applications of Analytical Psychology	259	(7)
Evaluation	266	(2)
Summary	268	(2)
Study Questions	270	(7)
PART III RESEARCH-ORIENTED THEORIES OF PERSONALITY	277	(106)
Prologue	277	(4)
CHAPTER 9 Trait Theory/Personology	281	(42)
GORDON W. ALLPORT
HENRY A. MURRAY
Biographical Sketch: Gordon W. Allport	283	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	284	(3)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Allportian Terminology	287	(2)
The Structure of Personality	289	(5)
The Development of Personality	294	(1)
Further Applications of Allportian Theory	295	(5)
Evaluation	300	(4)
Biographical Sketch: Henry A. Murray	304	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	305	(3)
The Structure of Personality	308	(1)
Capsule Summary: Murray's Original Taxonomy of Needs	309	(3)
The Development of Personality	312	(1)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Murrayan Terminology	313	(1)
Further Applications of Murrayan Theory	314	(2)
Evaluation	316	(2)
Summary	318	(2)
Study Questions	320	(3)
CHAPTER 10 Factor-Analytic Theory	323	(26)
RAYMOND B. CATTELL
Biographical Sketch	325	(1)
The General Logic of Factor Analysis	326	(2)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	328	(3)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Cattellian Terminology	331	(1)
The Structure of Personality	332	(3)
Capsule Summary: The Structure of Personality (Cattell), with Illustrative Examples from Various Occupational and Diagnostic Groups	335	(4)
The Development of Personality	339	(2)
Further Applications of Cattellian Theory	341	(3)
Evaluation	344	(1)
Summary	345	(1)
Study Questions	346	(3)
CHAPTER 11 The Psychology of Personal Constructs	349	(34)
GEORGE A. KELLY
Biographical Sketch	351	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	352	(1)
The Structure of Personality	353	(2)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Kellyan Terminology (I)	355	(6)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Kellyan Terminology (II)	361	(5)
The Development of Personality	366	(1)
Further Applications of Kellyan Theory	366	(3)
Capsule Summary: The Role Construct Repertory Test (Rep Test), Group Form	369	(4)
Evaluation	373	(2)
Summary	375	(1)
Study Questions	376	(7)
PART IV HUMANISTIC AND EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOLOGY	383	(82)
Prologue	383	(2)
CHAPTER 12 Self-Actualization Theory (I)	385	(28)
CARL R. ROGERS
Biographical Sketch	387	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	388	(2)
The Structure of Personality	390	(3)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Rogerian Terminology	393	(2)
The Development of Personality	395	(2)
Further Applications of Rogerian Theory	397	(6)
Evaluation	403	(5)
Summary	408	(2)
Study Questions	410	(3)
CHAPTER 13 Self-Actualization Theory (II)	413	(26)
ABRAHAM H. MASLOW
Biographical Sketch	415	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	416	(5)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Maslowian Terminology	421	(1)
The Structure of Personality	422	(1)
The Development of Personality	423	(4)
Further Applications of Maslowian Theory	427	(5)
Evaluation	432	(2)
Summary	434	(1)
Study Questions	435	(4)
CHAPTER 14 Existential Psychology	439	(26)
ROLLO MAY
Biographical Sketch	441	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	442	(5)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Existential Terminology	447	(2)
The Structure of Personality	449	(1)
The Development of Personality	450	(1)
Further Applications of Existential Psychology	450	(5)
Evaluation	455	(2)
Summary	457	(2)
Study Questions	459	(6)
PART V THE BEHAVIORIST ALTERNATIVE	465	(88)
Prologue	465	(4)
CHAPTER 15 Radical Behaviorism	469	(36)
B.F. SKINNER
Biographical Sketch	471	(1)
Classical (Respondent) Versus Operant Conditioning	472	(3)
Principles of Operant Conditioning	475	(6)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Behaviorist Terminology (I)	481	(2)
The Operant Explanation of Concepts Related to Personality Theory	483	(5)
Further Applications of Skinnerian Psychology	488	(5)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Behaviorist Terminology (II)	493	(4)
Evaluation	497	(2)
Summary	499	(2)
Study Questions	501	(4)
CHAPTER 16 More Eclectic Behaviorist Approaches	505	(28)
JOHN DOLLARD
NEAL E. MILLER
ALBERT BANDURA
Biographical Sketch: John Dollard and Neal E. Miller	507	(4)
The Structure and Development of Personality	511	(1)
Further Applications of Dollard and Miller's Theory	511	(2)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Dollard-Miller Terminology	513	(5)
Evaluation	518	(1)
Biographical Sketch: Albert Bandura	519	(1)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	519	(2)
The Structure of Personality	521	(2)
Capsule Summary: Some Important Banduran Terminology	523	(1)
The Development of Personality	524	(1)
Further Applications of Banduran Theory	525	(2)
Evaluation	527	(1)
Summary	528	(2)
Study Questions	530	(3)
CHAPTER 17 CONCLUSION Perspectives and Postscript	533	(20)
The Basic Nature of Human Beings	535	(4)
The Structure of Personality	539	(3)
The Development of Personality	542	(2)
Further Applications of Personality Theory	544	(2)
Evaluation	546	(2)
Postscript: Some Personal Perspectives	548	(1)
Summary	549	(4)
APPENDIX Case Material for Use with the Study Questions	553	(6)
REFERENCES	559	(24)
CREDITS	583	(2)
INDEX	585