Introduction to Therapeutic Counseling Voices from the Field

by Kottler, Jeffrey A.; Brown, Robert W.

• ISBN13: 9780534358785
• ISBN10: 0534358780
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-08-13
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

This text meets the stringent demands of traditional scholarship and also provides a lively and dynamic overview of therapeutic counseling that speaks directly to students. The authors emphasize the development of a professional identity, ethical standards, basic process skills, the therapeutic relationship, personal theory building, and understanding meaningful research. The book offers a contemporary focus on the practical realities of counseling in schools; clinics; and medical, industrial, mental health, and community agency settings.

Author Biography

Jeffrey A. Kottler is visiting professor of counseling at Texas Tech University and adjunct professor at Heritage College in Washington and Hawaii Robert W. Brown was an associate professor and chair of the Department of Counseling at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. Bob Died in 1995

Table of Contents

Preface
Part One THE PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR	1	(104)
Chapter 1 What Counseling Is and How It Works	2	(20)
Why Be a Counselor?	2	(4)
To Be a Counselor	6	(5)
Making a Commitment	6	(1)
Striving for Excellence	7	(1)
Adopting a Neutral Posture	8	(1)
Subjugating Personal Needs	9	(1)
Coping with Discomfort	10	(1)
Dealing with Ambiguity	11	(1)
Definitions of Counseling	11	(3)
Why Does Therapeutic Counseling Work?	14	(5)
Significance of the Self	17	(2)
Summary	19	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	20	(1)
Suggested Readings	21	(1)
Chapter 2 Foundations of Counseling: Basics of History and Research	22	(26)
The Identity of Counseling	23	(3)
History of Therapeutic Counseling	26	(10)
The Ancient Philosophers	26	(1)
The First Psychiatrists	27	(2)
Influences from Psychology	29	(1)
The Guidance Era	30	(1)
The Counseling Era	31	(2)
The Era of Therapeutic Counseling	33	(3)
Licensing and Regulation in Counseling	36	(2)
Research Foundations of Counseling	38	(4)
Counselors as Scientist-Practitioners	39	(1)
Counseling and Research Processes	40	(2)
Research for the Counselor	42	(2)
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Research	44	(1)
Summary	45	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	45	(1)
Suggested Readings	46	(2)
Chapter 3 Settings for Counseling	48	(29)
What Counselors Have in Common	50	(7)
A Unique Identity	50	(1)
Many Different Roles	51	(2)
A Set of Generic Skills	53	(1)
A Set of Common Goals	53	(1)
Both Developmental and Remedial Orientation	54	(2)
Teamwork	56	(1)
A Day in the Life	57	(12)
High School	57	(2)
Private Practice	59	(1)
Preschool	60	(2)
Mental Health Center	62	(1)
Crisis Center	63	(1)
Street Ministry	64	(3)
University Counseling Center	67	(1)
Counseling in Industry	67	(2)
The Value of a Flexible Specialty	69	(4)
Guidelines for Selecting a Counseling Specialty	71	(2)
Summary	73	(2)
Self-Guided Explorations	75	(1)
Suggested Readings	75	(2)
Chapter 4 The Therapeutic Relationship	77	(28)
Qualities of Counseling Relationships	77	(5)
Perspectives on Helping Relationships	82	(3)
A Bit More of History	82	(1)
Congruence, Positive Regard, and Empathy	83	(1)
Working Alliance	83	(2)
Counselors as Relationship Specialists	85	(4)
Conflict Resolution in Relationships	89	(3)
Practical Dimensions of the Therapeutic Relationship	92	(3)
Commitment	92	(1)
Trust	93	(1)
Empathy	93	(1)
Confidentiality	94	(1)
Benevolent Power	94	(1)
Creating a Relationship in the Initial Interview	95	(6)
Establishing Rules	95	(1)
Planting Hope	96	(1)
Assuring Confidentiality	97	(1)
Assessing Expectations	97	(1)
Collecting Information	98	(1)
Identifying Problems	99	(1)
Beginning Intervention	99	(1)
First-Session Agenda Review	99	(2)
Reciprocal Influence	101	(1)
Summary	102	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	103	(1)
Suggested Readings	104	(1)
Part Two COUNSELING APPROACHES	105	(111)
Chapter 5 Insight-Oriented Approaches	106	(29)
Introduction to Theory Construction	106	(4)
Approximation of Truth and Reality	109	(1)
Client-Centered Counseling	110	(6)
Originator and Revisionists	110	(1)
Basic Assumptions	111	(2)
Favorite Techniques	113	(1)
Criticisms of Client-Centered Counseling	114	(1)
Personal Applications	115	(1)
Existential Counseling	116	(5)
Premises of Existential Counseling	117	(2)
Criticisms of Existential Counseling	119	(1)
Personal Applications	119	(2)
Psychoanalytic Counseling	121	(5)
Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts	121	(3)
Criticisms of Psychoanalytic Counseling	124	(1)
Personal Applications	125	(1)
Gestalt Counseling	126	(3)
Originators and Basic Concepts	126	(2)
Techniques of Gestalt Counseling	128	(1)
Criticisms of Gestalt Counseling	129	(1)
Honorable Mentions	129	(4)
Adlerian Counseling	130	(2)
Narrative Therapy	132	(1)
Summary	133	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	133	(1)
Suggested Readings	134	(1)
Chapter 6 Action-Oriented Approaches	135	(25)
Behavioral Counseling	137	(6)
Behavioral Technology	138	(5)
Criticisms of the Behavioral Approach	143	(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Counseling	143	(6)
Basic Points of REBT	144	(3)
Criticisms of Cognitive-Based Therapies	147	(1)
Personal Applications	148	(1)
Strategic Counseling	149	(5)
Strategic Interventions	151	(1)
Criticisms of Strategic Counseling	152	(1)
Personal Applications	153	(1)
Honorable Mentions	154	(3)
Multimodal Counseling	154	(1)
Reality Therapy	155	(1)
Expressive Therapies	155	(2)
Summary	157	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	158	(1)
Suggested Readings	159	(1)
Chapter 7 Integrating Theory and Counseling Skills	160	(26)
A Personal Journey	160	(2)
Movement toward Integration	162	(2)
Grabbing Truth by the Tail	164	(2)
A Personal Theory	166	(1)
Criteria of Effectiveness	166	(1)
Guidelines for Usefulness	166	(1)
Stages in Developing a Personal Theory	167	(5)
Entry	167	(2)
Mentorhood	169	(1)
Eclecticism	170	(1)
Experimentation	170	(1)
Pragmatism	171	(1)
How Are You Doing So Far?	172	(4)
Theoretical Dilemmas Inventory	173	(1)
Generic Counseling Skills	174	(1)
Stages of the Counseling Process	175	(1)
Pivotal Counseling Skills	176	(6)
Being Intentional and Reliable	177	(1)
Significance of Attending Skills	178	(4)
Summary	182	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	183	(2)
Suggested Readings	185	(1)
Chapter 8 Assessment, Testing, and the Diagnostic Process	186	(30)
Perry L. Collins
What Is Assessment?	188	(2)
The Role of Testing in the Assessment Process	190	(2)
Why Study Testing?	191	(1)
Standardized Measures	192	(7)
Tests of Ability	194	(1)
Tests of Aptitude	195	(1)
Tests of Achievement	196	(1)
Tests of Typical Performance	196	(2)
Selecting Tests	198	(1)
Nonstandardized Measures	199	(2)
Observational Assessment	200	(1)
Rating Scales	200	(1)
Self-Assessment	200	(1)
Using Assessment Methods in Counseling	201	(2)
Test Interpretation	201	(1)
Summary of Assessment Principles	202	(1)
Formal and Functional Diagnosis	203	(10)
Diagnosis	205	(5)
Ethical Concerns	210	(2)
Behavioral Diagnosis	212	(1)
Summary	213	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	213	(1)
Suggested Readings	214	(2)
Part Three COUNSELING APPLICATIONS	216	(133)
Chapter 9 Group Counseling	216	(32)
Survey of Groups	216	(9)
Encounter Groups	217	(2)
An Encounter Group in Action	219	(1)
Guidance Groups	220	(1)
A Guidance Group in Action	221	(1)
Counseling Groups	222	(1)
A Counseling Group in Action	222	(1)
Therapy Groups	223	(1)
A Therapy Group in Action	223	(1)
Self-Help and Support Groups	224	(1)
Some Considerations in the Use of Group Modalities	225	(2)
Counteracting Potential Limitations	227	(1)
Advantages of Group Work	227	(5)
Cost Efficiency	227	(1)
Spectator Effects	228	(1)
Stimulation Value	228	(1)
Opportunities for Feedback	229	(2)
Support	231	(1)
Structured Practice	231	(1)
Basic Assumptions about Groups	232	(4)
Group Process Stages	236	(4)
Cues for Intervention	240	(3)
Abusive Behavior	240	(1)
Rambling and Digressions	241	(1)
Withdrawal and Passivity	241	(1)
Lethargy and Boredom	242	(1)
Semantic Errors	242	(1)
Specialized Skills of Group Work	243	(2)
Summary	245	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	246	(1)
Suggested Readings	246	(2)
Chapter 10 Marital, Family, and Sex Counseling	248	(26)
Family versus Individual Counseling	248	(2)
Family Counseling Theories	250	(3)
Power in Relationships	253	(2)
Symptoms as Solutions	255	(2)
Case Example of Family Counseling in Action	257	(3)
Interpreting Symptoms as Metaphors	260	(1)
Diagnostic Questions	260	(1)
Reframing	261	(3)
Directives	264	(3)
Forcing the Spontaneous	265	(1)
Opposition through Compliance	265	(1)
Pretending	266	(1)
Slowing Down	267	(1)
Ethical Issues in Family Counseling	267	(1)
Sex Counseling	268	(4)
Clinical Assessment Interview	269	(1)
Physical Exam and Medical History	269	(1)
Exploration of Relationship	270	(1)
Sensate Focus Exercises	270	(1)
Specialized Techniques	271	(1)
Evaluation	271	(1)
Summary	272	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	272	(1)
Suggested Readings	273	(1)
Chapter 11 Career Counseling	274	(26)
The Functions of Work	276	(1)
Roles of Counseling	277	(4)
Facilitating Self-Awareness	278	(1)
Becoming Familiar with the World of Work	279	(1)
Teaching Decision-Making Skills	280	(1)
Teaching Employability Skills	280	(1)
Theories of Career Development	281	(10)
Theodore Caplow's Theory	281	(1)
Donald Super's Theory	282	(2)
John Holland's Theory	284	(1)
Robert Hoppock's Theory	285	(3)
Anne Roe's Theory	288	(1)
John Krumboltz' Theory	289	(1)
Other Models	290	(1)
Career Education	291	(3)
Abilities	293	(1)
Interests	293	(1)
Values	293	(1)
Career Decision Making	294	(1)
Trends and Issues in Career Counseling	295	(3)
Changes in the Workplace	296	(1)
Work and Leisure	297	(1)
Use of Technology	297	(1)
Summary	298	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	298	(1)
Suggested Readings	299	(1)
Chapter 12 Addictions Counseling	300	(22)
Symptoms of Addiction	300	(1)
Drug Use and Drug Abuse	301	(3)
Our Drug Culture	304	(2)
What Counselors Should Know about Drugs	306	(2)
Marijuana	306	(1)
Depressants	306	(1)
Stimulants	307	(1)
Narcotics	307	(1)
Hallucinogens	308	(1)
Effects of Drug Abuse	308	(1)
Adolescent Drug Use	309	(1)
Prevention	310	(1)
Abuse in Special Populations	311	(4)
The Elderly	311	(2)
The Disabled	313	(2)
Principles for Counseling the Chemically Dependent	315	(5)
Medical Model	315	(1)
AA/NA Model	316	(1)
Therapeutic Model	317	(3)
Summary	320	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	320	(1)
Suggested Readings	321	(1)
Chapter 13 Counseling Diverse Populations	322	(27)
Shane Haberstroh
Multiculturalism	323	(2)
Influence of Biases	325	(3)
Identity Issues	328	(1)
Preferred Clients	329	(2)
Counseling and Gender	331	(3)
Counseling Ethnic Minorities	334	(3)
Counseling the Aged	337	(4)
Counseling Lesbian Women and Gay Men	341	(4)
Issues for Gay/Lesbian Clients	342	(1)
The Counselor and HIV	343	(2)
Counseling Clients Who Are Physically Challenged	345	(1)
Summary	346	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	347	(1)
Suggested Readings	348	(1)
Part Four PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE	349	(38)
Chapter 14 Ethical and Legal Issues	350	(24)
Professional Codes	351	(1)
Our Divided Loyalties	352	(2)
Areas of Ethical Difficulty	354	(10)
Dual Relationships and Sexual Improprieties	354	(3)
Misjudgments and Failures	357	(1)
Deception and Informed Consent	358	(1)
Confidentiality and Privileged Communication	359	(1)
Recent Trends	360	(4)
Making Ethical Decisions	364	(3)
Legal Issues in Counseling	367	(4)
Summary	371	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	372	(1)
Suggested Readings	372	(2)
Chapter 15 Toward Closure	374	(13)
Advice for the Passionately Committed Counseling Student	374	(9)
Be Self-Directed	374	(1)
Read	375	(1)
Find a Mentor	375	(1)
Volunteer to Do Research	375	(1)
Ask Questions	376	(1)
Challenge Your Teachers	376	(1)
Challenge Yourself	377	(1)
Experience Counseling as a Client	377	(1)
Personalize Everything	378	(1)
Expand Your World	378	(1)
Become Active in Professional Organizations	379	(1)
Develop a Flexible Specialty	380	(1)
Resist Burnout	381	(1)
Confront Your Fears of Failure	382	(1)
Seize the Day	382	(1)
Variations on a Theme	383	(1)
A Closing Voice from the Field	384	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	384	(1)
Suggested Readings	385	(2)
Appendix A: Code of Ethics, American Counseling Association	387	(18)
References	405	(23)
Index	428