Introduction to Therapeutic Counseling Voices from the Field (with InfoTrac)

by Kottler, Jeffrey A.

• ISBN13: 9780534523398
• ISBN10: 0534523390
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-04-23
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

Part I: THE PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR. 1. What Counseling Is and How It Works. 2. Foundations of Counseling: Basics of History and Research. 3. Settings for Therapeutic Counseling. 4. The Therapeutic Relationship. Part II: COUNSELING APPROACHES. 5. Insight-Oriented Approaches. 6. Action-Oriented Approaches. 7. Integrating Theory and Counseling Skills. 8. Assessment, Testing, and the Diagnostic Process. Part III: COUNSELING APPLICATIONS. 9. Group Counseling. 10. Marital, Family, and Sex Counseling. 11. Career Counseling. 12. Addictions Counseling. 13. Counseling with Diverse Populations. Part IV: PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE. 14. Ethical and Legal Issues. 15. Toward Closure. Appendix A: Code of Ethics, American Counseling Association.

Table of Contents

PART I THE PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR	1	(111)
What Counseling Is and How It Works	2	(22)
Why Be a Counselor?	3	(5)
To Be a Counselor	8	(7)
Dealing with Anxiety	9	(1)
Making a Commitment	9	(1)
Striving for Excellence	10	(2)
Adopting a Neutral Posture	12	(1)
Subjugating Personal Needs	13	(1)
Coping with Discomfort	14	(1)
Dealing with Ambiguity	14	(1)
Definitions of Counseling	15	(3)
Why Does Therapeutic Counseling Work?	18	(4)
Significance of the Self	20	(2)
Summary	22	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	22	(1)
Suggested Readings	23	(1)
Foundations of Counseling	24	(28)
Basics of History and Research	25	(1)
The Identity of Counseling	26	(4)
History of Therapeutic Counseling	30	(11)
The Ancient Philosophers	31	(1)
The First Psychiatrists	31	(2)
Influences from Psychology	33	(1)
The Guidance Era	34	(2)
The Counseling Era	36	(4)
The Era of Therapeutic Counseling	40	(1)
Licensing and Regulation in Counseling	41	(2)
Research Foundations of Counseling	43	(6)
Counselors as Scientist-Practitioners	43	(1)
Counseling and Research Processes	44	(2)
Research for the Counselor	46	(3)
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Research	49	(1)
Summary	50	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	50	(1)
Suggested Readings	51	(1)
Settings for Counseling	52	(30)
What Counselors Have in Common	55	(6)
A Unique Identity	55	(1)
Many Different Roles	55	(2)
A Set of Generic Skills	57	(1)
A Set of Common Goals	58	(1)
Both Developmental and Remedial Orientation	59	(2)
Teamwork	61	(1)
A Day in the Life	61	(14)
High School	62	(1)
Private Practice	63	(3)
Preschool	66	(1)
Mental Health Center	67	(1)
Crisis Center	68	(1)
Street Ministry	69	(2)
University Counseling Center	71	(1)
Counseling in Industry	72	(2)
Current and Future Trends	74	(1)
The Value of a Flexible Specialty	75	(4)
Guidelines for Selecting a Counseling Specialty	77	(2)
Summary	79	(2)
Self-Guided Explorations	81	(1)
Suggested Readings	81	(1)
The Therapeutic Relationship	82	(29)
Qualities of Counseling Relationships	84	(4)
Perspectives on Helping Relationships	88	(3)
A Bit More of History	88	(1)
Congruence, Positive Regard, and Empathy	88	(1)
Working Alliance	89	(2)
Counselors as Relationship Specialists	91	(4)
Conflict Resolution in Relationships	95	(2)
Practical Dimensions of the Therapeutic Relationship	97	(4)
Commitment	97	(1)
Trust	98	(1)
Empathy	98	(1)
Confidentiality	99	(1)
Benevolent Power	99	(1)
Experiencing the Therapeutic Relationship as a Client	100	(1)
Creating a Relationship in the Initial Interview	101	(7)
Establishing Rules	102	(1)
Planting Hope	102	(2)
Assuring Confidentiality	104	(1)
Assessing Expectations	104	(1)
Collecting Information	105	(1)
Identifying Problems	105	(1)
Beginning Intervention	106	(1)
First-Session Agenda Review	106	(2)
Reciprocal Influence in Helping Relationships	108	(1)
Summary	109	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	109	(1)
Suggested Readings	110	(1)
PART II COUNSELING APPROACHES	111	(118)
Insight-Oriented Approaches	112	(32)
Introduction to Theory Construction	113	(5)
Approximation of Truth and Reality	115	(3)
Client-Centered Counseling	118	(5)
Basic Assumptions	118	(2)
Favorite Techniques	120	(2)
Criticisms of Client-Centered Counseling	122	(1)
Personal Applications	123	(1)
Existential Counseling	123	(5)
Premises of Existential Counseling	125	(2)
Criticisms of Existential Counseling	127	(1)
Personal Applications	127	(1)
Psychoanalytic Counseling	128	(5)
Basic Psychoanalytic Concepts	128	(3)
Criticisms of Psychoanalytic Counseling	131	(1)
Personal Applications	132	(1)
Gestalt Counseling	133	(3)
Originators and Basic Concepts	133	(1)
Techniques of Gestalt Counseling	134	(2)
Criticisms of Gestalt Counseling	136	(1)
Honorable Mentions	136	(4)
Adlerian Counseling	137	(1)
Narrative Therapy	138	(1)
Feminist Therapies	139	(1)
Summary	140	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	141	(1)
Suggested Readings	142	(2)
Action-Oriented Approaches	144	(26)
Behavioral Counseling	147	(6)
Early Background	147	(2)
Behavioral Technology	149	(3)
Criticisms of the Behavioral Approach	152	(1)
Rational Emotive Behavior Counseling	153	(6)
Basic Points of REBT	154	(3)
Criticisms of Cognitive-Based Therapies	157	(1)
Personal Applications	158	(1)
Strategic Counseling	159	(4)
Strategic Interventions	161	(1)
Criticisms of Strategic Counseling	162	(1)
Personal Applications	162	(1)
Honorable Mentions	163	(5)
Multimodal Counseling	163	(1)
Reality Therapy	164	(1)
Expressive Therapies	165	(2)
Bibliotherapy	167	(1)
Summary	168	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	168	(1)
Suggested Readings	169	(1)
Integrating Theory and Counseling Skills	170	(26)
A Personal Journey	171	(2)
Movement toward Integration	173	(2)
Grabbing Truth by the Tail	175	(1)
A Personal Theory	176	(2)
Criteria of Effectiveness	176	(1)
Guidelines for Usefulness	177	(1)
Stages in Developing a Personal Theory	178	(5)
Entry	178	(2)
Mentorhood	180	(1)
Eclecticism	181	(1)
Experimentation	181	(1)
Pragmatism	181	(2)
How Are You Doing So Far?	183	(4)
Generic Counseling Skills	185	(1)
Stages of the Counseling Process	185	(2)
Pivotal Counseling Skills	187	(6)
Being Intentional and Reliable	188	(1)
Significance of Attending Skills	188	(5)
Summary	193	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	193	(2)
Suggested Readings	195	(1)
Assessment, Testing, and the Diagnostic Process (Coauthored with Perry L. Collins)	196	(33)
What Is Assessment?	199	(1)
The Role of Testing in the Assessment Process	200	(3)
Technology and Assessment	202	(1)
Why Study Testing?	202	(1)
Standardized Measures	203	(7)
Tests of Ability	205	(1)
Tests of Aptitude	206	(1)
Tests of Achievement	206	(1)
Tests of Typical Performance	207	(1)
Selecting Tests	207	(3)
Nonstandardized Measures	210	(2)
Observational Assessment	210	(1)
Rating Scales	210	(1)
Self-Assessment	211	(1)
Using Assessment Methods in Counseling	212	(3)
Test Interpretation	212	(1)
Summary of Assessment Principles	212	(1)
Critical Application of Assessment Principles: Recognizing and Reporting Child Abuse	213	(1)
Applications of Assessment Principles to Other Clients-at-Risk	214	(1)
Formal and Functional Diagnosis	215	(11)
Diagnosis	219	(4)
Ethical Concerns	223	(2)
Behavioral Diagnosis	225	(1)
Summary	226	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	226	(1)
Suggested Readings	227	(2)
PART III COUNSELING APPLICATIONS	229	(136)
Group Counseling	230	(32)
Survey of Groups	231	(9)
Encounter Groups	234	(1)
An Encounter Group in Action	235	(1)
Psychoeducational Groups	236	(1)
A Psychoeducational Group in Action	236	(1)
Counseling Groups	236	(1)
A Counseling Group in Action	237	(1)
Therapy Groups	238	(1)
A Therapy Group in Action	238	(1)
Self-Help and Support Groups	239	(1)
Some Considerations in the Use of Group Modalities	240	(2)
Counteracting Potential Limitations	242	(1)
Advantages of Group Work	242	(4)
Cost Efficiency	242	(1)
Spectator Effects	243	(1)
Stimulation Value	243	(1)
Opportunities for Feedback	244	(1)
Support	245	(1)
Structured Practice	246	(1)
Basic Assumptions about Groups	246	(4)
Group Process Stages	250	(5)
High-functioning Groups	253	(2)
Cues for Intervention	255	(2)
Abusive Behavior	255	(1)
Rambling and Digressions	255	(1)
Withdrawal and Passivity	256	(1)
Lethargy and Boredom	256	(1)
Semantic Errors	257	(1)
Specialized Skills of Group Work	257	(3)
Special Training	259	(1)
Summary	260	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	260	(1)
Suggested Readings	260	(2)
Marital, Family, and Sex Counseling	262	(28)
Family versus Individual Counseling	264	(1)
Family Counseling Theories	265	(3)
Power in Relationships	268	(3)
Symptoms as Solutions	271	(1)
Case Example of Family Counseling in Action	272	(3)
Interpreting Symptoms as Metaphors	275	(1)
Diagnostic Questions	276	(1)
Reframing	277	(2)
Directives	279	(3)
Forcing the Spontaneous	280	(1)
Opposition through Compliance	280	(1)
Pretending	281	(1)
Slowing Down	282	(1)
Couples Counseling	282	(3)
Ethical Issues in Couples and Family Counseling	284	(1)
Sex Counseling	285	(3)
Clinical Assessment Interview	285	(1)
Physical Exam and Medical History	285	(1)
Exploration of Relationship	286	(1)
Sensate Focus Exercises	286	(1)
Specialized Techniques	287	(1)
Evaluation	287	(1)
Summary	288	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	288	(1)
Suggested Readings	289	(1)
Career Counseling	290	(26)
The Functions of Work	293	(1)
Roles of Counseling	294	(1)
Facilitating Self-Awareness	295	(1)
Becoming Familiar with the World of Work	295	(1)
Teaching Decision-Making Skills	296	(1)
Teaching Employability Skills	297	(11)
Life Coaching	297	(1)
Theories of Career Development	298	(1)
Theodore Caplow's Theory	299	(1)
Donald Super's Theory	299	(2)
John Holland's Theory	301	(2)
Robert Hoppock's Theory	303	(3)
Anne Roe's Theory	306	(1)
John Krumboltz' Theory	306	(2)
Other Models	308	(1)
Career Education	308	(2)
Abilities	309	(1)
Interests	310	(1)
Values	310	(1)
Career Decision Making	310	(2)
Trends and Issues in Career Counseling	312	(2)
Changes in the Workplace	312	(1)
Work and Leisure	313	(1)
Use of Technology	313	(1)
Summary	314	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	314	(1)
Suggested Readings	315	(1)
Addictions Counseling	316	(20)
Symptoms of Addiction	318	(1)
Drug Use and Drug Abuse	318	(3)
Our Drug Culture	321	(1)
Effects of Drug Abuse	322	(1)
Adolescent Drug Use	323	(1)
Prevention	324	(1)
Abuse in Special Populations	325	(3)
The Elderly	325	(2)
The Disabled	327	(1)
Principles for Counseling the Chemically Dependent	328	(5)
Medical Model	328	(1)
AA/NA Model	329	(1)
Therapeutic Model	330	(3)
Summary	333	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	334	(1)
Suggested Readings	334	(2)
Counseling Diverse Populations (Coauthored with Shane Haberstroh)	336	(29)
Multiple Conceptions of Culture	338	(2)
Being Culturally Sensitive	340	(2)
Influence of Biases	342	(4)
Identity Issues	346	(1)
Preferred Clients	347	(1)
Counseling and Gender	348	(3)
Counseling Ethnic Minorities	351	(3)
Counseling the Aged	354	(3)
Counseling Lesbian Women and Gay Men	357	(3)
Counseling Clients Who Are Physically Challenged	360	(1)
Summary	361	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	362	(1)
Suggested Readings	363	(2)
PART IV PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE	365	(42)
Ethical and Legal Issues	366	(24)
Professional Codes	368	(2)
Divided Loyalties	370	(1)
Areas of Ethical Difficulty	370	(11)
Dual Relationships and Sexual Improprieties	371	(2)
Clinical Misjudgments and Failures	373	(2)
Deception and Informed Consent	375	(1)
Confidentiality and Privileged Communication	376	(1)
Recent Trends	377	(4)
Making Ethical Decisions	381	(3)
Legal Issues in Counseling	384	(4)
Summary	388	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	388	(1)
Suggested Readings	389	(1)
Toward Closure	390	(17)
Advice for the Passionately Committed Counseling Student	391	(9)
Be Self-Directed	391	(1)
Read	392	(1)
Find a Mentor	392	(1)
Volunteer to Do Research	392	(1)
Ask Questions	393	(1)
Challenge Your Teachers	393	(1)
Challenge Yourself	393	(1)
Experience Counseling as a Client	394	(1)
Personalize Everything	394	(1)
Expand Your World	395	(1)
Become Active in Professional Organizations	395	(1)
Develop a Flexible Specialty	396	(1)
Resist Burnout	397	(1)
Confront Your Fears of Failure	398	(1)
Get the Most from Supervision	399	(1)
Seize the Day	399	(1)
What Most Students Don't Learn Until It Is Way Too Late	400	(4)
Variations on a Theme	404	(1)
A Closing Voice from the Field	404	(1)
Self-Guided Explorations	405	(1)
Suggested Readings	405	(2)
Appendix A Code of Ethics, American Counseling Association	407	(22)
References	429	(18)
Index	447