Introduction to Thermal and Fluids Engineering

by Deborah Kaminski; Michael K. Jensen

• ISBN13: 9780471268734
• ISBN10: 0471268739
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-11-01
• Publisher: WILEY

Summary

This innovative book uses unifying themes so that the boundaries between thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics become transparent. It begins with an introduction to the numerous engineering applications that may require the integration of principles and tools from these disciplines. The authors then present an in-depth examination of the three disciplines, providing readers with the necessary background to solve various engineering problems. The remaining chapters delve into the topics in more detail and rigor. Numerous practical engineering applications are mentioned throughout to illustrate where and when certain equations, concepts, and topics are needed. A comprehensive introduction to thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer, this title: Develops governing equations and approaches in sufficient detail, showing how the equations are based on fundamental conservation laws and other basic concepts. Explains the physics of processes and phenomena with language and examples that have been seen and used in everyday life. Integrates the presentation of the three subjects with common notation, examples, and problems. Demonstrates how to solve any problem in a systematic, logical manner. Presents material appropriate for an introductory level course on thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Thermal and Fluids Engineering	1	(19)
Overview of Thermal and Fluids Systems	1	(4)
Thermal and Fluids Systems Analysis and Engineering	5	(1)
Thermodynamics	6	(5)
Heat Transfer	11	(3)
Fluid Mechanics	14	(6)
Summary	18	(1)
Selected References	18	(1)
Problems	18	(2)
The First Law	20	(67)
The First Law of Thermodynamics	20	(10)
Heat Transfer	30	(1)
Internal Energy	30	(1)
Specific Heat of Ideal Liquids and Solids	31	(3)
Fundamental Properties	34	(6)
Density	35	(1)
Pressure	36	(1)
Temperature	37	(3)
Ideal Gases	40	(4)
Unit Systems	44	(3)
Work	47	(9)
Compression and Expansion Work	48	(4)
Electrical Work	52	(2)
Shaft Work	54	(2)
Kinetic Energy	56	(1)
Potential Energy	57	(1)
Specific Heat of Ideal Gases	58	(10)
Polytropic Process of an Ideal Gas	68	(7)
The First Law in Differential Form	75	(2)
The ``Pizza'' Procedure for Problem Solving	77	(10)
Summary	80	(2)
Selected References	82	(1)
Problems	82	(5)
Thermal Resistances	87	(41)
The First Law as a Rate Equation	87	(2)
Conduction	89	(4)
Radiation	93	(2)
Convection	95	(2)
The Resistance Analogy for Conduction and Convection	97	(8)
The Lumped System Approximation	105	(7)
The Resistance Analogy for Radiation	112	(5)
Combined Thermal Resistances	117	(11)
Summary	120	(1)
Selected References	121	(1)
Problems	121	(7)
Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics	128	(64)
Introduction	128	(1)
Fluid Statics	128	(26)
Pressure in a Fluid at Rest	129	(11)
Pressure in a Static Compressible Fluid (web)	140	(1)
Forces on Submerged Plane Surfaces	140	(7)
Forces on Submerged Curved Surfaces (web)	147	(1)
Buoyancy	147	(7)
Open and Closed Systems	154	(2)
Conservation of Mass for an Open System	156	(8)
Conservation of Energy for an Open System	164	(7)
The Bernoulli Equation	171	(4)
Flow Measurement (web)	175	(1)
Conservation of Linear Momentum for an Open System	176	(16)
Summary	183	(1)
Selected References	184	(1)
Problems	184	(8)
Thermodynamic Properties	192	(36)
Introduction	192	(1)
Properties of Pure Substances	192	(12)
Internal Energy and Enthalpy in Two-Phase Systems	204	(12)
Properties of Real Liquids and Solids	216	(4)
The State Principle	220	(1)
Use of Tables to Evaluate Properties	221	(2)
Real Gases and Compressibility (web)	223	(5)
Summary	223	(1)
Selected References	224	(1)
Problems	224	(4)
Applications of the Energy Equation to Open Systems	228	(29)
Introduction	228	(1)
Nozzles and Diffusers	228	(2)
Turbines	230	(8)
Compressors, Blowers, Fans, and Pumps	238	(5)
Throttling Valves	243	(2)
Mixing Chambers	245	(2)
Heat Exchangers	247	(5)
Transient Processes (web)	252	(5)
Summary	252	(1)
Selected References	252	(1)
Problems	253	(4)
Thermodynamic Cycles and the Second Law	257	(61)
Introduction	257	(1)
Thermodynamic Cycles	257	(7)
The Carnot Cycle and the Second Law of Thermodynamics	264	(9)
The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale	273	(1)
Reversible Refrigeration Cycles	274	(2)
Entropy	276	(5)
Comparison of Entropy and Internal Energy	281	(1)
Reversible and Irreversible Processes	282	(1)
The Temperature-Entropy Diagram	283	(5)
Entropy Change of Ideal Gases	288	(7)
Entropy Balances for Open and Closed Systems	295	(4)
Second Law Analysis of Turbines, Pumps, and Compressors	299	(10)
Maximum Power Cycle	309	(9)
Summary	311	(3)
Selected References	314	(1)
Problems	314	(4)
Refrigeration, Heat Pump, and Power Cycles	318	(80)
Introduction	318	(1)
Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycles	318	(8)
Heat Pumps	326	(4)
The Rankine Cycle	330	(14)
The Rankine Cycle with Reheat and Regeneration	344	(15)
The Brayton Cycle	359	(12)
The Brayton Cycle With Regeneration (web)	371	(1)
Combined Cycles and Cogeneration (web)	372	(1)
Otto and Diesel Cycles	372	(26)
Summary	382	(2)
Selected References	384	(1)
Problems	384	(14)
Internal Flows	398	(48)
Introduction	398	(1)
Viscosity	398	(5)
Fully Developed Laminar Flow in Pipes	403	(7)
Laminar and Turbulent Flow	410	(5)
Head Loss	415	(5)
Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Pipes	420	(4)
Entrance Effects	424	(1)
Steady-flow Energy Equation	425	(5)
Minor Losses	430	(6)
Pipeline Networks (web)	436	(1)
Pump Selection (web)	436	(10)
Summary	436	(1)
Selected References	437	(1)
Problems	438	(8)
External Flows	446	(44)
Introduction	446	(1)
Boundary Layer Concepts	447	(3)
Drag on a Flat Plate	450	(8)
Drag and Lift Concepts	458	(10)
Drag on Two-and Three-Dimensional Bodies	468	(9)
Lift	477	(6)
Momentum-Integral Boundary Layer Analysis (web)	483	(7)
Summary	483	(1)
Selected References	484	(1)
Problems	484	(6)
Conduction Heat Transfer	490	(71)
Introduction	490	(1)
The Heat Conduction Equation	491	(5)
Steady One-Dimensional Conduction	496	(10)
Steady Multidimensional Conduction	506	(5)
Lumped System Analysis for Transient Conduction	511	(3)
One-Dimensional Transient Conduction	514	(15)
Multidimensional Transient (Conduction)	529	(6)
Extended Surfaces	535	(11)
Contact Resistance	546	(15)
Summary	549	(2)
Selected References	551	(1)
Problems	551	(10)
Convection Heat Transfer	561	(58)
Introduction	561	(1)
Forced Convection in External Flows	562	(15)
Laminar Convection in Pipes	577	(11)
Turbulent Convection in Pipes	588	(1)
Internal Flow with Constant Wall Temperature	589	(9)
Noncircular Conduits	598	(1)
Entrance Effects in Forced Convection	598	(3)
Natural Convection Over Surfaces	601	(5)
Natural Convection in Vertical Channels (web)	606	(1)
Natural Convection in Enclosures (web)	606	(1)
Mixed Forced and Natural Convection (web)	606	(1)
Dimensional Similitude	606	(1)
General Procedure For Evaluating Heat Transfer Coefficients	607	(12)
Summary	608	(3)
Selected References	611	(1)
Problems	611	(8)
Heat Exchangers	619	(47)
Introduction	619	(4)
The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient	623	(5)
The LMTD Method	628	(9)
The ``Effectiveness-NTU'' Method	637	(18)
Heat Exchanger Selection Considerations	655	(11)
Summary	657	(1)
Selected References	658	(1)
Problems	658	(8)
Radiation Heat Transfer	666	(47)
Introduction	666	(1)
Fundamental Laws of Radiation	667	(12)
View Factors	679	(8)
Shape Decomposition	687	(3)
Radiative Exchange Between Black Surfaces	690	(3)
Radiative Exchange Between Diffuse, Gray Surfaces	693	(4)
Two-Surface Enclosures	697	(4)
Three-Surface Enclosures	701	(5)
Variation of Thermophysical Properties with Wavelength and Direction (web)	706	(7)
Summary	706	(1)
Selected References	707	(1)
Problems	707	(6)
Ideal Gas Mixtures and Combustion (Web)
Introduction (web)
Ideal Gas Mixtures (web)
Psychrometrics (web)
Combustion (web)
Summary (web)
Selected References (web)
Problems (web)
Appendix A Tables in SI Units	713	(32)
Appendix B Tables in British Units	745	(29)
Appendix C Answers to Selected Problems	774	(5)
Index	779