Introduction to Transport Phenomena

by Thomson, William J.

• ISBN13: 9780134548289
• ISBN10: 0134548280
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-09-20
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For undergraduate chemical engineering majors at the junior level.This text introduces the fundamental concepts of transport phenomena and enables students to translate physical phenomena into mathematical terms. All the basic principles of transport phenomena are introduced with mathematical complexity kept to minimum.

Author Biography

WILLIAM J. THOMSON is Professor of Chemical Engineering at Washington State University, Pullman, WA. He has published widely in chemical engineering research and trade journals, and is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AICHE), American Chemical Society (ACS), and American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE).

Table of Contents

PREFACE	ix	(2)
NOMENCLATURE	xi
Greek Letters	xiv	(2)
Overbars	xvi	(1)
Subscripts	xvi	(1)
Superscripts	xvii
PART I -- Molecular Transport	1	(210)
CHAPTER 1 -- The Nature of Transport Phenomena	3	(8)
1-1 Why Transport Phenomena?	3	(2)
1-2 Mechanisms of Transport Processes	5	(2)
1-3 Driving Forces For Transport Processes	7	(4)
CHAPTER 2 -- Transport Phenomena Laws	11	(22)
2-1 The Definition of Fluxes	11	(4)
Energy	13	(1)
Mass	14	(1)
Momentum	14	(1)
2-2 The Phenomenological Laws	15	(6)
2-2.a Phenomenological Laws in One-Dimension	15	(3)
2-2.b Analogies	18	(1)
2-2.c Extension of the Phenomenological Laws to Other Coordinates and Dimensions	19	(2)
2-3 Differential Balances and the Conservation Laws	21	(7)
[INPUT], [OUTPUT]	22	(2)
[SOURCES], [SINKS]	24	(1)
[ACCUMULATION]	25	(3)
PROBLEMS	28	(5)
CHAPTER 3 -- One-Dimensional Molecular Energy Transport	33	(54)
3-1 Modeling Physical Systems	33	(5)
3-1.a The Adequacy of the Model	33	(1)
3-1.b Boundary Conditions	34	(4)
3-2 Steady-State Molecular Energy Transport	38	(10)
3-2.a Axial Energy Transport in a Rod	38	(4)
3-2.b Composite Materials: Energy Loss Through a Furnace Wall	42	(4)
3-2.c Radial Temperature Distribution in a Wire	46	(2)
3-3 Steady-State Energy Transport in a Cooling Fin	48	(11)
3-3.a General Considerations	48	(5)
3-3.b Cooling Fin Temperature Profile	53	(5)
3-3.c Fin Effectiveness	58	(1)
3-4 Unsteady-State Molecular Energy Transport	59	(7)
3-4.a Unsteady-State Heating of an Al-Sphere	60	(6)
3-5 Non-Linear Energy Transport Problems	66	(7)
3-5.a Cooling Fin with Nonlinear Cooling	66	(2)
3-5.b Radiant Heating	68	(5)
PROBLEMS	73	(14)
CHAPTER 4 -- Molecular Mass Transport	87	(40)
4-1 Component Fluxes	88	(3)
4-1.a Diffusion Fluxes	88	(1)
4-1.b System Fluxes	89	(2)
4-2 Stagnant Film Diffusion	91	(5)
4-3 Diffusion in a Cylindrical Pore	96	(5)
4-4 Mass Transport across a Cylindrical Membrane	101	(4)
4-5 Dissolution of a Sphere in a Quiescent Fluid	105	(3)
4-6 NonLinear Mass Transport-Ternary Film Diffusion	108	(4)
PROBLEMS	112	(15)
CHAPTER 5 -- Molecular Momentum Transport	127	(28)
5-1 Momentum Flux as a Surface Force	128	(3)
5-2 Momentum Transport in Couette Flow	131	(5)
5-3 Film Flow over a Solid Surface	136	(3)
5-4 Laminar Pipe Flow	139	(7)
PROBLEMS	146	(9)
CHAPTER 6 -- The Transport Coefficients	155	(30)
6-1 Transport Property Predictions in Dilute, Pure Gases	155	(15)
6-1.a Predictions Based on the Elementary Kinetic Theory	156	(9)
6-1.b Predictions Based on the Chapman-Enskog Theory	165	(3)
6-1.c Prandtl Number Predictions	168	(2)
6-2 Transport Properties in Liquids and Solids	170	(5)
6-2.a Liquids	170	(4)
6-2.b Transport Properties of Solids	174	(1)
6-3 Transport Coefficients in Multicomponent Mixtures	175	(2)
6-3.a Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity	175	(1)
6-3.b Diffusivity	176	(1)
6-4 Non-Newtonian Fluids	177	(3)
PROBLEMS	180	(5)
CHAPTER 7 -- Similarity Analyses	185	(26)
7-1 Dimensionless Groups in Molecular Transport	185	(2)
7-2 Dimensionless Differential Balances	187	(4)
7-3 Similarity Transforms	191	(10)
PROBLEMS	201	(10)
PART II -- Convective Transport	211	(88)
CHAPTER 8 -- Convective Transport in Laminar Flow	213	(26)
8-1 Developing Flow in a Pipe	214	(14)
8-1.a The Continuity Equation	215	(5)
8-1.b The Boundary Layer	220	(5)
8-1.c Inviscid Flow	225	(3)
8-2 Energy Transport in a Shell and Tube Condenser	228	(3)
8-3 Plug-Flow Chemical Reactor	231	(2)
PROBLEMS	233	(6)
CHAPTER 9 -- Turbulent Transport	239	(20)
9-1 The Nature of Turbulent Flow	239	(4)
9-2 Time-Averaged Momentum Equation	243	(4)
9-3 Semi-Empirical Methods	247	(9)
9-3.a Eddy Viscosity and the "Universal Velocity Profile"	248	(5)
9-3.b Surface Renewal Theory	253	(3)
PROBLEMS	256	(3)
CHAPTER 10 -- Transfer Coefficients	259	(40)
10-1 General Definitions	259	(6)
10-1.a Energy: Heat Transfer Coefficients	260	(1)
10-1.b Mass: Mass Transfer Coefficients	261	(1)
10-1.c Momentum: The Friction Factor	262	(3)
10-2 Transfer Coefficient Predictions in Laminar Flow	265	(3)
10-3 The "Phoney Film" Theory	268	(11)
10-3.a Applications to Energy and Momentum Transport	269	(3)
10-3.b Mass Transport in Gas-Liquid Films	272	(7)
10-4 Transfer Coefficients and Differential Balances	279	(4)
10-5 Transfer Coefficients and Turbulence	283	(6)
10-5.a Surface Renewal Theory	283	(3)
10-5.b Surface Renewal vs. Phoney Film Theory	286	(3)
PROBLEMS	289	(10)
PART III -- Macroscopic Calculations	299	(156)
CHAPTER 11 -- Macroscopic Calculations: Momentum Transport	301	(34)
11-1 Applications of Bernoulli's Equation	301	(14)
11-1.a Piping Systems	301	(5)
11-1.b Pressure Losses in Pipes and Fittings	306	(6)
11-1.c Optimum Pipe Diameter	312	(3)
11-2 Flow in Packed Beds	315	(10)
11-2.a Pressure Losses: Single-Phase Flow	316	(4)
11-2.b Pressure Losses: Countercurrent Two-Phase Flow	320	(5)
11-3 Flow in Fluidized Beds	325	(4)
PROBLEMS	329	(6)
CHAPTER 12 -- Macroscopic Calculations: Energy Transport	335	(42)
12-1 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficients	335	(7)
12-2 Individual Heat Transfer Coefficients	342	(17)
12-2.a Correlations for Tubes and Ducts: "Free" (Natural) Convection	343	(1)
12-2.b Correlations for Tubes and Ducts: "Forced" Convection	344	(6)
12-2.c Correlations in Packed and Fluidized Beds	350	(4)
12-2.d Correlations for Boiling and Condensation	354	(5)
12-3 Heat Exchanger Design	359	(13)
12-3.a Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers	359	(3)
12-3.b Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers	362	(9)
12-3.c Extended Area Heat Exchangers	371	(1)
PROBLEMS	372	(5)
CHAPTER 13 -- Macroscopic Calculations: Mass Transfer	377	(78)
13-1 Interfacial Mass Transfer Coefficients	378	(10)
13-1.a Overall Mass Transfer Coefficients	378	(4)
13-1.b Correlations for Known Interfacial Areas	382	(3)
13-1.c Correlations for Complex Interfacial Areas	385	(3)
13-2 Mass Transfer in Gas Absorbers and Strippers	388	(26)
13-2.a Mathematical Description of Mass Transfer Rates	389	(7)
13-2.b Simplified Mass Transfer Equations	396	(7)
13-2.c Specification of Gas Absorber Diameters	403	(3)
13-2.d Design Procedure for Gas Absorbers	406	(8)
13-3 Mass and Heat Transfer in Cooling Towers	414	(5)
13-4 Gas Absorption with Chemical Reactions	419	(5)
13-5 Fluid-Solid Systems (Adsorption)	424	(10)
13-6 Membrane Separation	434	(13)
PROBLEMS	447	(8)
APPENDIX A -- Generalized Equations of Change	455	(20)
Momentum, Energy and Species Conservation Equations in Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical Coordinates	455	(1)
Derivation of the Momentum Equation	456	(3)
Derivation of the Energy Equation	459	(6)
Conservation of Species Equation	465	(10)
APPENDIX B -- Using MATLAB ODE	475	(10)
The M-file	475	(4)
The Command-file	479	(1)
The Differential Equation Solvers	480	(5)
APPENDIX C -- Lennard Jones Parameters and Collision Integrals	485	(4)
APPENDIX D -- The Error Function	489	(2)
APPENDIX E -- Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity Data	491	(6)
Viscosity Data for Gases	491	(3)
Viscosity Data For Liquids	494	(2)
Thermal Conductivity Data	496	(1)
Gases	496	(1)
Liquids	496	(1)
APPENDIX F -- Conversion Factors	497	(4)
INDEX	501