Introduction To Wireless And Mobile Systems

by Agrawal, Dharma P.; Zeng, Qing-An

• ISBN13: 9780534493035
• ISBN10: 0534493033
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-03-18
• Publisher: CL Engineering

Summary

This text explains the general principles of how wireless systems work, how mobility is supported, what is the underlying infrastructure and what interactions are needed among different functional components. Designed as a textbook appropriate for undergraduate or graduate courses in Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, and Electrical and Computer Engineering, it focuses on qualitative descriptions and the realistic explanations of relationships between wireless systems and performance parameters. Rather than offering a thorough history behind the development of wireless technologies or an exhaustive list of work being carried out, the authors help EE and CSE students learn this exciting technology through relevant examples such as understanding how a cell phone starts working as soon as they get out of an airplane.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition	xv
Preface to the First Edition	xvii
Acknowledgments	xxi
Introduction	1	(28)
History of Cellular Systems	1	(7)
Characteristics of Cellular Systems	8	(4)
Fundamentals of Cellular Systems	12	(5)
Cellular System Infrastructure	17	(4)
Satellite Systems	21	(1)
Network Protocols	22	(1)
Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks	22	(2)
Wireless MANs, LANs, and PANs	24	(1)
Outline of the Book	25	(1)
References	26	(1)
Problems	27	(2)
Probability, Statistics, and Traffic Theories	29	(28)
Introduction	29	(1)
Basic Probability and Statistics Theories	29	(10)
Random Variables	29	(1)
Cumulative Distribution Function	30	(1)
Probability Density Function	31	(1)
Expected Value, nth Moment, nth Central Moment, and Variance	31	(2)
Some Important Distributions	33	(2)
Multiple Random Variables	35	(4)
Traffic Theory	39	(1)
Poisson Arrival Model	39	(1)
Basic Queuing Systems	40	(12)
What Is Queuing Theory?	40	(1)
Basic Queuing Theory	40	(1)
Kendall's Notation	41	(1)
Little's Law	41	(1)
Markov Process	42	(1)
Birth-Death Process	42	(1)
M/M/1/∞ Queuing System	43	(2)
M/M/S/∞ Queuing System	45	(2)
M/G/1/∞ Queuing System	47	(5)
Summary	52	(1)
References	53	(1)
Problems	53	(4)
Mobile Radio Propagation	57	(22)
Introduction	57	(1)
Types of Radio Waves	57	(2)
Propagation Mechanisms	59	(1)
Free Space Propagation	60	(1)
Land Propagation	61	(1)
Path Loss	62	(3)
Slow Fading	65	(2)
Fast Fading	67	(4)
Statistical Characteristics of Envelope	67	(3)
Characteristics of Instantaneous Amplitude	70	(1)
Doppler Effect	71	(1)
Delay Spread	72	(1)
Intersymbol Interference	73	(1)
Coherence Bandwidth	74	(1)
Cochannel Interference	75	(1)
Summary	76	(1)
References	76	(1)
Problems	76	(3)
Channel Coding and Error Control	79	(23)
Introduction	79	(1)
Linear Block Codes	80	(5)
Cyclic Codes	85	(1)
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)	86	(1)
Convolutional Codes	87	(3)
Interleaver	90	(1)
Turbo Codes	91	(1)
ARQ Techniques	92	(5)
Stop-And-Wait ARQ Scheme	93	(1)
Go-Back-N ARQ Scheme	94	(2)
Selective-Repeat ARQ Scheme	96	(1)
Summary	97	(1)
References	97	(1)
Problems	98	(4)
Cellular Concept	102	(23)
Introduction	102	(1)
Cell Area	102	(2)
Signal Strength and Cell Parameters	104	(4)
Capacity of a Cell	108	(2)
Frequency Reuse	110	(2)
How to Form a Cluster?	112	(2)
Cochannel Interference	114	(2)
Cell Splitting	116	(1)
Cell Sectoring	117	(2)
Summary	119	(1)
References	120	(1)
Problems	120	(5)
Multiple Radio Access	125	(18)
Introduction	125	(1)
Multiple Radio Access Protocols	126	(1)
Contention-Based Protocols	127	(12)
Pure ALOHA	128	(2)
Slotted ALOHA	130	(1)
CSMA	131	(3)
CSMA/CD	134	(2)
CSMA/CA	136	(3)
Summary	139	(1)
References	139	(2)
Problems	141	(2)
Multiple Division Techniques	143	(26)
Introduction	143	(1)
Concepts and Models for Multiple Divisions	143	(16)
FDMA	144	(2)
TDMA	146	(2)
CDMA	148	(7)
OFDM	155	(1)
SDMA	156	(2)
Comparison of Multiple Division Techniques	158	(1)
Modulation Techniques	159	(6)
AM	159	(1)
FM	160	(1)
FSK	161	(1)
PSK	161	(1)
QPSK	162	(1)
π/4QPSK	163	(1)
QAM	164	(1)
16QAM	165	(1)
Summary	165	(1)
References	166	(1)
Problems	166	(3)
Channel Allocation	169	(21)
Introduction	169	(1)
Static Allocation versus Dynamic Allocation	170	(1)
Fixed Channel Allocation (FCA)	171	(3)
Simple Borrowing Schemes	172	(1)
Complex Borrowing Schemes	172	(2)
Dynamic Channel Allocation (DCA)	174	(2)
Centralized Dynamic Channel Allocation Schemes	174	(1)
Distributed Dynamic Channel Allocation Schemes	175	(1)
Hybrid Channel Allocation (HCA)	176	(1)
Hybrid Channel Allocation Schemes	176	(1)
Flexible Channel Allocation Schemes	177	(1)
Allocation in Specialized System Structure	177	(4)
Channel Allocation in One-Dimensional Systems	177	(1)
Reuse Partitioning-Based Channel Allocation	178	(1)
Overlapped Cells--Based Channel Allocation	179	(2)
System Modeling	181	(3)
Basic Modeling	181	(2)
Modeling for Channel Reservation	183	(1)
Summary	184	(1)
References	185	(1)
Problems	185	(5)
Mobile Communication Systems	190	(31)
Introduction	190	(1)
Cellular System Infrastructure	190	(3)
Registration	193	(2)
Handoff Parameters and Underlying Support	195	(3)
Parameters Influencing Handoff	195	(1)
Handoff Underlying Support	196	(2)
Roaming Support	198	(6)
Home Agents, Foreign Agents, and Mobile IP	200	(3)
Rerouting in Backbone Routers	203	(1)
Multicasting	204	(3)
Security and Privacy	207	(8)
Encryption Techniques	207	(2)
Authentication	209	(3)
Wireless System Security	212	(3)
Firewalls and System Security	215	(1)
Summary	216	(1)
References	216	(2)
Problems	218	(3)
Existing Wireless Systems	221	(40)
Introduction	221	(1)
AMPS	221	(5)
Characteristics of AMPS	222	(1)
Operation of AMPS	223	(2)
General Working of AMPS Phone System	225	(1)
IS-41	226	(3)
Introduction	226	(2)
Support Operations	228	(1)
GSM	229	(10)
Frequency Bands and Channels	230	(2)
Frames in GSM	232	(1)
Identity Numbers used by a GSM System	232	(3)
Interfaces, Planes, and Layers of GSM	235	(2)
Handoff	237	(1)
Short Message Service (SMS)	238	(1)
PCS	239	(4)
Chronology of PCS Development	240	(1)
Bellcore View of PCS	241	(2)
IS-95	243	(6)
Power Control	247	(2)
IMT--2000	249	(9)
International Spectrum Allocation	250	(1)
Services Provided by Third-Generation Cellular Systems	250	(1)
Harmonized 3G Systems	251	(1)
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)	252	(1)
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)	253	(5)
Summary	258	(1)
References	259	(1)
Problems	259	(2)
Satellite Systems	261	(23)
Introduction	261	(1)
Types of Satellite Systems	261	(6)
Characteristics of Satellite Systems	267	(1)
Satellite System Infrastructure	268	(3)
Call Setup	271	(2)
Global Positioning System	273	(7)
Limitations of GPS	277	(2)
Beneficiaries of GPS	279	(1)
A-GPS and E911	280	(1)
Summary	281	(1)
References	281	(1)
Problems	282	(2)
Network Protocols	284	(19)
Introduction	284	(1)
OSI Model	284	(4)
Layer 1: Physical Layer	285	(1)
Layer 2: Data Link Layer	286	(1)
Layer 3: Network Layer	286	(1)
Layer 4: Transport Layer	286	(1)
Layer 5: Session Layer	287	(1)
Layer 6: Presentation Layer	287	(1)
Layer 7: Application Layer	287	(1)
TCP/IP Protocol	288	(4)
Physical and Data Link Layers	288	(1)
Network Layer	289	(1)
TCP	290	(1)
Application Layer	291	(1)
Routing using Bellman-Ford Algorithm	291	(1)
TCP over Wireless	292	(4)
Need for TCP over Wireless	292	(1)
Limitations of Wired Version of TCP	292	(1)
Solutions for Wireless Environment	292	(4)
Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)	296	(3)
Transition from IPv4 to IPv6	296	(1)
IPv6 Header Format	297	(1)
Features of IPv6	297	(1)
Differences between IPv6 and IPv4	298	(1)
Summary	299	(1)
References	299	(1)
Problems	300	(3)
Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks	303	(55)
Introduction	303	(1)
Characteristics of MANETs	304	(1)
Applications	305	(1)
Routing	306	(2)
Need for Routing	307	(1)
Routing Classification	308	(1)
Table-Driven Routing Protocols	308	(3)
Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector Routing	309	(1)
Cluster Head Gateway Switch Routing	309	(2)
Wireless Routing Protocol	311	(1)
Source-Initiated On-Demand Routing	311	(9)
Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing	312	(1)
Dynamic Source Routing	313	(2)
Temporarily Ordered Routing Algorithm	315	(3)
Associativity-Based Routing	318	(1)
Signal Stability-Based Routing	319	(1)
Hybrid Protocols	320	(14)
Zone Routing	320	(1)
Fisheye State Routing	321	(1)
Landmark Routing (LANMAR) for MANET with Group Mobility	321	(1)
Location-Aided Routing	321	(2)
Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility	323	(1)
Relative Distance Microdiscovery Ad Hoc Routing	323	(1)
Power Aware Routing	324	(1)
Multipath Routing Protocols	324	(10)
Wireless Sensor Networks	334	(4)
Case Study	336	(2)
DARPA Efforts toward Wireless Sensor Networks	338	(1)
Fixed Wireless Sensor Networks	338	(11)
Classification of Sensor Networks	339	(1)
Fundamentals of MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks	340	(1)
Flat Routing in Sensor Networks	341	(8)
Summary	349	(1)
References	349	(4)
Problems	353	(5)
Wireless MANs, LANs, and PANs	358	(39)
Introduction	358	(1)
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs)	359	(10)
IEEE 802.16	359	(8)
Ricochet	367	(2)
Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)	369	(8)
IEEE 802.11	369	(3)
ETSI HiperLAN	372	(2)
HomeRF	374	(3)
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)	377	(15)
Introduction	377	(1)
IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth)	378	(7)
IEEE 802.15.3	385	(2)
IEEE 802.15.4	387	(5)
Summary	392	(1)
References	392	(2)
Problems	394	(3)
Recent Advances	397	(62)
Introduction	397	(1)
Ultra-Wideband Technology	398	(5)
UWB System Characteristics	399	(1)
UWB Signal Propagation	400	(1)
Current Status and Applications of UWB Technology	400	(1)
Difference Between UWB and Spread Spectrum Techniques	401	(1)
UWB Technology Advantages	401	(1)
UWB Technology Drawbacks	402	(1)
Challenges for UWB Technology	402	(1)
Future Directions	403	(1)
Multimedia Services Requirements	403	(5)
Media Codecs	404	(1)
File Formats	404	(1)
HTTP	404	(1)
Media Control Protocols	405	(1)
SIP	405	(1)
Multimedia Messaging Service	405	(1)
Multimedia Transmission in MANETs	406	(2)
Push-to-Talk (PTT) Technology	408	(3)
PTT Network Technology	408	(1)
PTT in iDEN Cellular Networks	409	(1)
PTT in Non-iDEN Cellular Networks: PoC	409	(1)
Limitations of Current Services	410	(1)
Mobility and Resource Management for Integrated Systems	411	(4)
Mobility Management	411	(1)
Resource Management	412	(2)
Recent Advances in Resource Management	414	(1)
Enhancement for IEEE 802.11 WLANs	415	(4)
Issues in MAC Protocols	417	(2)
Multicast in Wireless Networks	419	(4)
Recent Advances in Multicast over Mobile IP	419	(2)
Reliable Wireless Multicast Protocols	421	(2)
Future Directions	423	(1)
Directional and Smart Antennas	423	(4)
Types of Antennas	424	(1)
Smart Antennas and Beamforming	424	(1)
Smart Antennas and SDMA	425	(2)
Design Issues in Sensor Networks	427	(5)
Sensor Databases	428	(1)
Collaborative Information Processing	428	(1)
Operating System Design	429	(1)
Multipath Routing in Sensor Networks	429	(2)
Service Differentiation	431	(1)
Bluetooth Networks	432	(5)
Interference on Bluetooth Networks	432	(1)
Bluetooth Dynamic Slot Assignment	433	(1)
BlueStar: Enabling Efficient Integration between Bluetooth WLANs and WPANs	434	(1)
Traffic Engineering over Bluetooth MANETs	435	(1)
Distributed Topology Construction	436	(1)
Low-Power Design	437	(1)
XML	438	(2)
HTML versus Markup Language	438	(1)
WML: XML Application for Wireless Handheld Devices	439	(1)
Threats and Security Issues	440	(5)
Security Threats to Wireless Networks	440	(1)
Why Existing Wired Solutions Are Not Applicable to Wireless Networks	441	(1)
Current Approaches	441	(1)
Intrusion Detection in MANETs	442	(3)
Summary	445	(1)
References	446	(9)
Problems	455	(4)
A Erlang B Table	459	(6)
B Simulation Projects	465	(2)
Acronyms	467	(12)
Index	479