Introduction to XAFS: A Practical Guide to X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

by Grant Bunker

• ISBN13: 9780521767750
• ISBN10: 052176775X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-02-26
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XAFS) is a powerful and versatile technique for studying structures of materials in chemistry, physics, biology and other fields. This textbook is a comprehensive, practical guide to carrying out and interpreting XAFS experiments. Assuming only undergraduate-level physics and mathematics, the textbook is ideally suited for graduate students in physics and chemistry starting XAFS-based research. It contains concise executable example programs in Mathematica 7. Supplementary material available at www.cambridge.org/9780521767750 includes Mathematica code from the book, related Mathematica programs, and worked data analysis examples. The textbook addresses experiment, theory, and data analysis, but is not tied to specific data analysis programs or philosophies. This makes it accessible to a broad audience in the sciences, and a useful guide for researchers entering the subject.

Author Biography

Grant Bunker is Professor of Physics at the Illinois institute of Technology. He has over 30 years' experience in all aspects of XAFS spectroscopy, from technique development, instrumentation and computation, to applications in biology, chemistry, and physics.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. vii
Introduction	p. 1
What is XAFS?	p. 1
Physics of XAFS	p. 2
Synchrotron radiation	p. 4
Purpose of this book	p. 6
Basic physics of X-ray absorption and scattering	p. 8
X-rays	p. 8
The structure of atoms	p. 9
Atomic units	p. 11
Types of interactions	p. 13
Cross sections	p. 14
Elastic scattering from free electrons	p. 20
Elastic scattering from electron distributions	p. 21
Elastic scattering from atoms with no excitation	p. 24
Elastic scattering from crystals	p. 26
Fourier transform of the lattice	p. 28
Compton scattering from free electrons	p. 32
Inelastic scattering from atoms	p. 32
Core-hole lifetime	p. 33
Experimental	p. 36
Requirements for XAFS experiments	p. 36
X-ray sources	p. 41
Synchrotron radiation	p. 42
Beamlines and optics	p. 52
X-ray detectors	p. 60
XAFS experiments	p. 80
Samples	p. 96
Data acquisition	p. 103
Theory	p. 106
Introduction	p. 106
Transition rate	p. 107
Band structure, molecular orbital, clusters	p. 115
Multiple scattering expansion	p. 118
Outline of theoretical calculation	p. 120
EXAFS equation	p. 125
Data analysis	p. 134
XANES	p. 135
EXAFS	p. 146
Data fitting	p. 173
Related techniques and conclusion	p. 189
Related techniques	p. 189
Conclusion	p. 191
Introduction to Fourier transforms in EXAFS	p. 193
Cumulants in EXAFS	p. 212
Optimizing X-ray filters	p. 219
Reference spectra	p. 232
X-ray tables	p. 241
References	p. 251
Index	p. 258
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